Research Topics
| Scott P OrrSummaryCountry: USA Publications
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Publications
Physiologic responses to sudden, loud tones in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: association with posttraumatic stress disorderScott P Orr
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 60:283-8. 2003..Studying identical twins discordant for traumatic exposure offers an opportunity to resolve these competing origins...
Is trauma a causal agent of psychopathologic symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder? Findings from identical twins discordant for combat exposureMark W Gilbertson
Department of Research Service, Manchester VA Medical Center, 718 Smyth Rd, Manchester, NH 03104, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 71:1324-30. 2010..The current study tests this hypothesis...- Effects of beta blockade, PTSD diagnosis, and explicit threat on the extinction and retention of an aversively conditioned responseScott P Orr
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service 151, 718 Smyth Road, Manchester, NH 03104, United States
Biol Psychol 73:262-71. 2006..This suggests that belief in the presence of a threat is necessary and sufficient for activating a previously established CR... 
Basal and suppressed salivary cortisol in female Vietnam nurse veterans with and without PTSDLinda J Metzger
Research Service, VA Medical Center, Research Service 151, Manchester, NH 03104, United States
Psychiatry Res 161:330-5. 2008....- Intensity dependence of auditory P2 in monozygotic twins discordant for Vietnam combat: associations with posttraumatic stress disorderLinda J Metzger
Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Medical Center, Manchester, NH 03104, USA
J Rehabil Res Dev 45:437-49. 2008..Inspection of group means suggests that the observed increased P2 intensity dependence is a consequence of PTSD. Our findings further suggest that low serotonergic tone may emerge as one potential consequence of this disorder... - Performance on visuospatial copying tasks in individuals with chronic posttraumatic stress disorderTamara V Gurvits
VA Research Service, 718 Smyth Rd, Manchester, NH 03104, USA
Psychiatry Res 112:263-8. 2002..These findings are consistent with pre-trauma visual-spatial impairment as being among the risk factors for chronic PTSD... - PTSD arousal and depression symptoms associated with increased right-sided parietal EEG asymmetryLinda J Metzger
Veterans Affairs Medical Center Research Service, Manchester, NH 03104, USA
J Abnorm Psychol 113:324-9. 2004..These findings underscore the importance of isolating, both theoretically and statistically, emotional subcomponents in studies of regional brain activation... - Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological traumaMark W Gilbertson
Research Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 718 Smyth Road, Manchester, New Hampshire 03104, USA
Nat Neurosci 5:1242-7. 2002..Furthermore, severe PTSD twin pairs-both the trauma-exposed and unexposed members-had significantly smaller hippocampi than non-PTSD pairs... - Configural cue performance in identical twins discordant for posttraumatic stress disorder: theoretical implications for the role of hippocampal functionMark W Gilbertson
Manchester VA Medical Center, Manchester, New Hampshire 03104, USA
Biol Psychiatry 62:513-20. 2007..We test the hypothesis that hippocampus-based configural processing deficits are a pre-existing vulnerability factor for unremitting forms of PTSD... - Neurocognitive function in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: relationship to posttraumatic stress disorderMark W Gilbertson
Research Service, Manchester VA Medical Center, NH 03104, USA
J Abnorm Psychol 115:484-95. 2006..The results support the notion that specific domains of cognitive function may serve as premorbid risk or protective factors in PTSD... - Assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in Cambodian refugees using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale: psychometric properties and symptom severityDevon E Hinton
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 812, Boston, MA 02114, USA
J Trauma Stress 19:405-9. 2006..Those patients who met criteria for current PTSD had significantly higher CAPS total scores (M = 65.3, SD = 18.1) than those who did not meet the criteria (M = 13.9, SD = 16.7)... - Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranololRoger K Pitman
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
Biol Psychiatry 51:189-92. 2002..04 (all p values one-tailed). CONCLUSIONS: These pilot results suggest that acute, posttrauma propranolol may have a preventive effect on subsequent PTSD... - Clarifying the origin of biological abnormalities in PTSD through the study of identical twins discordant for combat exposureRoger K Pitman
Massachusetts General Hospital, Room 2616, Bldg 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1071:242-54. 2006..These results support the conclusion that the latter abnormalities represent antecedent, familial vulnerability factors for developing chronic PTSD upon exposure to a traumatic event... - Recall of fear extinction in humans activates the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in concertMohammed R Milad
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
Biol Psychiatry 62:446-54. 2007..The aim of the present study is to investigate the mediating anatomy of extinction recall in healthy humans... - Effect of post-retrieval propranolol on psychophysiologic responding during subsequent script-driven traumatic imagery in post-traumatic stress disorderAlain Brunet
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
J Psychiatr Res 42:503-6. 2008.... - Presence and acquired origin of reduced recall for fear extinction in PTSD: results of a twin studyMohammed R Milad
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, United States
J Psychiatr Res 42:515-20. 2008..Furthermore, they support the conclusion that this deficit is acquired as a result of combat trauma leading to PTSD, rather than being a predisposing factor to developing PTSD upon the stress of combat... - Subtle neurologic compromise as a vulnerability factor for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: results of a twin studyTamara V Gurvits
Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Manchester, NH, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:571-6. 2006.... - Regional cerebral blood flow in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex during traumatic imagery in male and female Vietnam veterans with PTSDLisa M Shin
Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:168-76. 2004..However, the functional relationship between these brain regions in PTSD has not been directly examined... - Hippocampal function in posttraumatic stress disorderLisa M Shin
Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
Hippocampus 14:292-300. 2004.... - A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to overtly presented fearful faces in posttraumatic stress disorderLisa M Shin
Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mass, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:273-81. 2005.... - Event-related potentials to auditory stimuli in female Vietnam nurse veterans with posttraumatic stress disorderLinda J Metzger
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA
Psychophysiology 39:49-63. 2002..Future research is needed to determine whether the opposite ERP abnormalities observed in this PTSD sample reflect gender-, trauma-, or sample-specific findings... - Probing reward function in posttraumatic stress disorder: expectancy and satisfaction with monetary gains and lossesJames W Hopper
Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
J Psychiatr Res 42:802-7. 2008..Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with dysfunctional reward processing. The present study assessed for such dysfunction in both the expectancy and outcome phases of reward processing... - Psychophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorderScott P Orr
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
Psychiatr Clin North Am 25:271-93. 2002..We hope that the broad range of psychophysiologic investigations and findings in PTSD will inspire others to consider possible applications of these methodologies to their own clinical and research endeavors... - Physiologic reactivity to startling tones in female Vietnam nurse veterans with PTSDMargaret A Carson
Department of Nursing, Saint Anselm College, Manchester, NH 03102 1310, USA
J Trauma Stress 20:657-66. 2007..A larger HR response to loud tones is one of the most robust physiologic findings in PTSD and may reflect increased defensive responding... - Absence of selected neurological soft signs in Vietnam nurse veterans with post-traumatic stress disorderTamara V Gurvits
VA Medical Center, VA Research Service, 228 Maple Street, Manchester, NH 03103, USA
Psychiatry Res 110:81-5. 2002..The increased NSSs observed in the previously studied PTSD samples were not found in the nurses with PTSD. The results fail to support the hypothesis that the stress of a traumatic event and/or resultant PTSD damages the nervous system... - Dorsal anterior cingulate function in posttraumatic stress disorderLisa M Shin
Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
J Trauma Stress 20:701-12. 2007 - A role for the human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in fear expressionMohammed R Milad
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
Biol Psychiatry 62:1191-4. 2007..This study examined the role of dACC during fear conditioning in healthy humans with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)... - Thickness of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in humans is correlated with extinction memoryMohammed R Milad
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:10706-11. 2005..e., greater extinction memory). These results suggest that the size of the vmPFC might explain individual differences in the ability to modulate fear among humans... - Fear-potentiated startle and posttraumatic stress symptoms in urban police officersNnamdi Pole
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
J Trauma Stress 16:471-9. 2003..Our results emphasize the importance of contextual threat and suggest that laboratory measures of startle improve upon self-reported exaggerated startle alone in indexing PTSD symptom severity in urban police officers... - Physiologic correlates of perceived therapist empathy and social-emotional process during psychotherapyCarl D Marci
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
J Nerv Ment Dis 195:103-11. 2007..01). The results support a biological model of perceived patient empathy and patient-therapist social-emotional process during psychotherapy... - Physiologic responses to loud tones in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorderUlrike Buhlmann
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Psychosom Med 69:166-72. 2007..To determine if individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are characterized by larger eyeblink and/or autonomic responses to sudden, loud (startling) tones... - Fear conditioning and extinction: influence of sex and menstrual cycle in healthy humansMohammed R Milad
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Behav Neurosci 120:1196-203. 2006..On Day 2, men and early cycle women expressed greater extinction memory than midcycle women. These data confirm sex differences in conditioned fear acquisition and suggest that midcycle hormones attenuate extinction recall... - Psychophysiological responding during script-driven imagery in people reporting abduction by space aliensRichard J McNally
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Psychol Sci 15:493-7. 2004..05). Therefore, belief that one has been traumatized may generate emotional responses similar to those provoked by recollection of trauma (e.g., combat)... - Physiologic evidence for the interpersonal role of laughter during psychotherapyCarl D Marci
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston 02114, USA
J Nerv Ment Dis 192:689-95. 2004..05). The results support an empirically based approach to the study of laughter and the use of psychophysiology as a measure of process during psychotherapy... - Probing reward function in post-traumatic stress disorder with beautiful facial imagesIgor Elman
Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
Psychiatry Res 135:179-83. 2005..There were no significant group differences in the attractiveness ratings. However, PTSD patients expended less effort to extend the viewing time of the beautiful female faces. These findings suggest a reward deficit in PTSD... - Context modulation of memory for fear extinction in humansMohammed R Milad
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
Psychophysiology 42:456-64. 2005..This finding demonstrates context dependency of extinction recall in humans... - The effect of emotional distance on psychophysiologic concordance and perceived empathy between patient and interviewerCarl D Marci
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman Street WACC 812, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 31:115-28. 2006..The observed differences in psychophysiologic concordance support the use of this measure as a potential marker of empathy in a clinical population in an interview setting...