Research Topics
| Michael MarklSummaryAffiliation: Northwestern University Country: USA Publications
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Publications
4D flow MRIMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
J Magn Reson Imaging 36:spcone. 2012..J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc...
4D flow MRIMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
J Magn Reson Imaging 36:1015-36. 2012..Based on these developments, an overview is provided over the potential this new imaging technique has in different parts of the body from the head to the peripheral arteries...
Gradient echo imagingMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
J Magn Reson Imaging 35:1274-89. 2012..For each gradient echo sequence type, examples of applications exploiting the specific properties of the individual technique are presented...
Analysis of pulse wave velocity in the thoracic aorta by flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI: reproducibility and correlation with characteristics in patients with aortic atherosclerosisMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 35:1162-8. 2012....
Noninvasive evaluation of 3D hemodynamics in a complex case of single ventricle physiologyMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 35:933-7. 2012..Our findings illustrate the potential role of flow-sensitive 4D MRI as a noninvasive and radiation-free technique for the frequent postinterventional follow-up in these pediatric patients...
Noninvasive evaluation of 3D hemodynamics in a complex case of single ventricle physiologyMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
J Magn Reson Imaging 35:spcone. 2012..J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012 © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc...
Time-resolved 3D MR velocity mapping at 3T: improved navigator-gated assessment of vascular anatomy and blood flowMichael Markl
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 25:824-31. 2007..To evaluate an improved image acquisition and data-processing strategy for assessing aortic vascular geometry and 3D blood flow at 3T...
Time-resolved 3-dimensional velocity mapping in the thoracic aorta: visualization of 3-directional blood flow patterns in healthy volunteers and patientsMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
J Comput Assist Tomogr 28:459-68. 2004..Various visualization tools were used to analyze blood flow patterns within a single 3-component velocity volumetric acquisition of the entire thoracic aorta..
In vivo wall shear stress distribution in the carotid artery: effect of bifurcation geometry, internal carotid artery stenosis, and recanalization therapyMichael Markl
University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Germany
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 3:647-55. 2010....
4D phase contrast MRI at 3 T: effect of standard and blood-pool contrast agents on SNR, PC-MRA, and blood flow visualizationJelena Bock
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Med 63:330-8. 2010..For three-dimensional flow visualization, a trend toward improved results for the data with contrast agent was observed...
Three-dimensional flow characteristics in aortic coarctation and poststenotic dilatationMichael Markl
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Albert Ludwigs, University Freiburg, Hugstetter Str 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
J Comput Assist Tomogr 33:776-8. 2009....
Three-dimensional analysis of segmental wall shear stress in the aorta by flow-sensitive four-dimensional-MRIAlex Frydrychowicz
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 30:77-84. 2009..To assess the distribution and regional differences of flow and vessel wall parameters such as wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) in the entire thoracic aorta...
In vivo noninvasive 4D pressure difference mapping in the human aorta: phantom comparison and application in healthy volunteers and patientsJelena Bock
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Med 66:1079-88. 2011..This study demonstrates the potential of the applied approach to derive additional quantitative information such as pressure gradients from time-resolved 3D phase contrast MRI...
Magnetic resonance tissue phase mapping of myocardial motion: new insight in age and genderDaniela Föll
Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, Freiburg, Germany
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 3:54-64. 2010..Magnetic resonance phase-contrast imaging (tissue phase mapping) enabling the analysis of segmental, 3-directional myocardial velocities with high temporal resolution (13.8 ms) was used to assess left ventricular motion...
Comparison of gadofosveset trisodium and gadobenate dimeglumine during time-resolved thoracic MR angiography at 3TAlex Frydrychowicz
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, CSC E1 322, Madison, WI 53729, USA
Acad Radiol 17:1394-400. 2010....
Time-resolved three-dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mapping of cardiovascular flow paths in volunteers and patients with Fontan circulationMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Str 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 39:206-12. 2011..To apply flow-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of whole-heart flow characteristics in healthy volunteers and patients with Fontan circulation...
Retrograde embolism from the descending aorta: visualization by multidirectional 3D velocity mapping in cryptogenic strokeAndreas Harloff
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Stroke 40:1505-8. 2009..The purpose of this study was to determine the role of plaques >or=4 mm and thrombi (complex plaques) in the descending aorta (DAo) as an embolic high-risk source for stroke...
Aortic flow patterns in patients with Marfan syndrome assessed by flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRIJulia Geiger
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 35:594-600. 2012....
In vivo assessment of wall shear stress in the atherosclerotic aorta using flow-sensitive 4D MRIAndreas Harloff
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Med 63:1529-36. 2010..Our results indicate that the predictive value of WSS for plaque existence depends on the aortic segment and that locations of critical wall parameters move to neighboring segments of regions affected by atherosclerosis...
Evaluation of 3D blood flow patterns and wall shear stress in the normal and dilated thoracic aorta using flow-sensitive 4D CMRJonas Bürk
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:84. 2012..The purpose of this study was to investigate 3D flow patterns and vessel wall parameters in patients with dilated ascending aorta, age-matched subjects, and healthy volunteers...
Time-resolved, 3-dimensional magnetic resonance flow analysis at 3 T: visualization of normal and pathological aortic vascular hemodynamicsAlex Frydrychowicz
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Comput Assist Tomogr 31:9-15. 2007....
Visualization of multidirectional regional left ventricular dynamics by high-temporal-resolution tissue phase mappingDaniela Föll
Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 29:1043-52. 2009..To apply high-temporal-resolution tissue phase mapping (TPM) to derive a detailed representation of normal regional myocardial motion in a large cohort of 58 normal subjects (three age groups) and one patient with dilated cardiomyopathy...
Optimized 3D bright blood MRI of aortic plaque at 3 TMichael Markl
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Imaging 26:330-6. 2008....
Ascending-descending aortic bypass surgery in aortic arch coarctation: four-dimensional magnetic resonance flow analysisAlex Frydrychowicz
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 133:260-2. 2007
Bicuspid aortic valve is associated with altered wall shear stress in the ascending aortaAlex J Barker
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 5:457-66. 2012..Hemodynamics may play a role contributing to the progression of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) aortopathy. This study measured the impact of BAV on the distribution of regional aortic wall shear stress (WSS) compared with control cohorts...
Time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography and flow-sensitive 4-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla for blood flow and wall shear stress analysisAlex Frydrychowicz
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 136:400-7. 2008....
Aortic hemodynamics in patients with and without repair of aortic coarctation: in vivo analysis by 4D flow-sensitive magnetic resonance imagingAlex Frydrychowicz
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
Invest Radiol 46:317-25. 2011....
Highly k-t-space-accelerated phase-contrast MRIBernd Jung
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Med 60:1169-77. 2008..Quantitative comparisons of blood flow velocities and pixel-wise correlation analysis of velocities highlight the potential of PEAK-GRAPPA for highly accelerated dynamic phase-contrast velocity mapping...
Analysis of complex cardiovascular flow with three-component acceleration-encoded MRIAlex J Barker
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Freiburg
Magn Reson Med 67:50-61. 2012..4D acceleration data, visualized in combination with the velocity data, may provide new insight into complex flow phenomena...
A feasibility study to evaluate splanchnic arterial and venous hemodynamics by flow-sensitive 4D MRI compared with Doppler ultrasound in patients with cirrhosis and controlsZoran Stankovic
aDepartments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA Departments of bDiagnostic Radiology and Medical Physics cGastroenterology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 25:669-75. 2013..To evaluate the feasibility of time-resolved flow-sensitive four-dimensional (4D) MRI for the visualization and quantification of splanchnic arterial and portal venous hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis and in controls...
High resolution 3T MRI for the assessment of cervical and superficial cranial arteries in giant cell arteritisMichael Markl
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 24:423-7. 2006..1 mmol/kg) contrast agent administration and a dedicated phased-array head and neck coil at 3T...
k-t-Space accelerated myocardial perfusionBernd Jung
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 28:1080-5. 2008....
Time-resolved three-dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mapping of aortic flow in healthy volunteers and patients after valve-sparing aortic root replacementMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA 94304, USA
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 130:456-63. 2005..David-V patients. These novel magnetic resonance imaging methods can assess the clinical implications of altered aortic flow dynamics in patients undergoing various types of valve-sparing aortic root replacement...
Steady-state free precession MR imaging: improved myocardial tag persistence and signal-to-noise ratio for analysis of myocardial motionMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Lucas MRI S Center, 1201 Welch Rd, Rm P 284, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
Radiology 230:852-61. 2004..Increased SNR and tag persistence can be achieved simultaneously with SSFP imaging compared with SPGR tagging methods. As a result, the proposed technique may be useful for analysis of diastolic ventricular function...
Three-dimensional flow characteristics in ventricular assist devices: impact of valve design and operating conditionsChristoph Benk
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 142:1019-26. 2011....
Visualization of tissue velocity data from cardiac wall motion measurements with myocardial fiber tracking: principles and implications for cardiac fiber structuresBernd André Jung
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, Hugstetterstr 55, D 79106 Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Germany
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 29:S158-64. 2006..Fiber orientation is inherently linked to cardiac wall motion, which can be measured with phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), also termed tissue phase mapping (TPM)...
Comparison of flow patterns in ascending aortic aneurysms and volunteers using four-dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mappingThomas A Hope
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA
J Magn Reson Imaging 26:1471-9. 2007..To determine the difference in flow patterns between healthy volunteers and ascending aortic aneurysm patients using time-resolved three-dimensional (3D) phase contrast magnetic resonance velocity (4D-flow) profiling...
Plaques in the descending aorta: a new risk factor for stroke? Visualization of potential embolization pathways by 4D MRIAndreas Harloff
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 26:1651-5. 2007..Our findings indicate that taking plaques of the descending aorta into consideration may help improve the spectrum of pathologies considered as high-risk sources for brain ischemia...
Normal and altered three-dimensional portal venous hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosisZoran Stankovic
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Radiology 262:862-73. 2012....
Vocal tract configurations in male alto register functionsMatthias Echternach
Institute of Musicians Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
J Voice 25:670-7. 2011..However, the sound produced differs in professional altos compared with the modal register or falsetto of untrained voices. The aim of this study was to analyze differences of the vocal tract shapes in male alto register functions...
3D MRI provides improved visualization and detection of aortic arch plaques compared to transesophageal echocardiographyAndreas Harloff
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 36:604-11. 2012..To compare 3D magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for the detection of complex aortic plaques (≥4 mm thick, ulcerated, or containing mobile thrombi)...
Comprehensive 4D velocity mapping of the heart and great vessels by cardiovascular magnetic resonanceMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 13:7. 2011..In this article, methods used for the acquisition, visualization, and quantification of such datasets are reviewed and illustrated...
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Time-resolved 3-dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mapping at 3 T reveals drastic changes in flow patterns in a partially thrombosed aortic archAlex Frydrychowicz
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
Circulation 113:e460-1. 2006
On the undersampling strategies to accelerate time-resolved 3D imaging using k-t-GRAPPABernd Jung
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Med 66:966-75. 2011..Extended GRAPPA-based parallel imaging with optimized multidimensional reconstruction kernels has the potential to substantially accelerate data acquisitions in time-resolved 3D MRI...
Navigator gated high temporal resolution tissue phase mapping of myocardial motionBernd Jung
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Med 55:937-42. 2006....
Multidirectional flow analysis by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in aneurysm development following repair of aortic coarctationAlex Frydrychowicz
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 10:30. 2008....
Three-directional acceleration phase mapping of myocardial functionFelix Staehle
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Med 65:1335-45. 2011..Comparisons of directly measured and derived myocardial acceleration dynamics over the cardiac cycle revealed good correlation (r = 0.45-0.68, P < 0.01) between both methods...
Professional opera tenors' vocal tract configurations in registersMatthias Echternach
Department of Musicians Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
Folia Phoniatr Logop 62:278-87. 2010..Tenor singers may reach their top pitch range either by shifting from modal to falsetto register or by using their so-called 'voix mixte'...
Flow-sensitive 4D MRI of the thoracic aorta: comparison of image quality, quantitative flow, and wall parameters at 1.5 T and 3 TChristoph Strecker
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 36:1097-103. 2012..A volunteer study at 1.5 T and 3 T was conducted to compare phase-contrast MR angiography (MRA) and 3D flow visualization quality as well as quantification of aortic hemodynamics...
Measurement of left ventricular velocities: phase contrast MRI velocity mapping versus tissue-doppler-ultrasound in healthy volunteersBernd Jung
Department of Radiology, Section of Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 6:777-83. 2004..97. The in vivo study in 29 healthy volunteers demonstrates a high validity of time-resolved phase contrast measurements for the analysis of left ventricular myocardial velocities...
Parallel MRI with extended and averaged GRAPPA kernels (PEAK-GRAPPA): optimized spatiotemporal dynamic imagingBernd Jung
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 28:1226-32. 2008....
Peripheral vessel scout imaging based on continuously moving table acquisition of projection dataSandra Baumann
Department of Radiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Comput Assist Tomogr 36:591-5. 2012..Subjective image analysis revealed excellent vessel depiction, indicating that the proposed scout allows for seamless expedited visualization of major arterial structures...
Investigating myocardial motion by MRI using tissue phase mappingBernd Jung
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital, Freiburg University, Hugstetterstr 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 29:S150-7. 2006..In contrast to other imaging modalities such as echocardiography left ventricular performance can be assessed without limited anatomical or functional coverage...
MR-based visualization and quantification of three-dimensional flow characteristics in the portal venous systemZoran Stankovic
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 32:466-75. 2010..To evaluate the feasibility of time-resolved flow-sensitive MRI for the three-dimensional (3D) visualization and quantification of normal and pathological portal venous (PV) hemodynamics...
Detailed analysis of myocardial motion in volunteers and patients using high-temporal-resolution MR tissue phase mappingBernd Jung
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
J Magn Reson Imaging 24:1033-9. 2006..To detect and investigate details in left ventricular (LV) motion patterns with a temporal resolution comparable to that of echocardiography...
Estimation of global aortic pulse wave velocity by flow-sensitive 4D MRIMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital, Albert Ludwigs Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Med 63:1575-82. 2010....
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Four-dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mapping in a healthy volunteer with pseudocoarctation of the thoracic aortaMichael D Hope
Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif 94305-5488, USA
Circulation 109:3221-2. 2004
Carotid intima-media thickness and distensibility measured by MRI at 3 T versus high-resolution ultrasoundAndreas Harloff
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Eur Radiol 19:1470-9. 2009..Our findings indicate that MRI at 3 T is a feasible and promising tool for the comprehensive assessment of normal carotid geometry and function...
Cardiac CINE imaging with IDEAL water-fat separation and steady-state free precessionScott B Reeder
Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
J Magn Reson Imaging 22:44-52. 2005..To decompose multicoil CINE steady-state free precession (SSFP) cardiac images acquired at short echo time (TE) increments into separate water and fat images, using an iterative least-squares "Dixon" (IDEAL) method...
Three-dimensional magnetic resonance flow analysis in a ventricular assist deviceMichael Markl
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 134:1471-6. 2007..Combination with flow-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T permitted the detailed analysis of local and global 3-dimensional flow dynamics in a realistic environment...
An approach towards molecular imaging of activated platelets allows imaging of symptomatic human carotid plaques in a new model of a tissue flow chamberDominik Von Elverfeldt
Department of Radiology Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
Contrast Media Mol Imaging 7:204-13. 2012....
Rapid vessel prototyping: vascular modeling using 3t magnetic resonance angiography and rapid prototyping technologyMichael Markl
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
MAGMA 18:288-92. 2005..Conversion of thoracic aortic vasculature as measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging into a real physical replica...
On flow effects in balanced steady-state free precession imaging: pictorial description, parameter dependence, and clinical implicationsMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
J Magn Reson Imaging 20:697-705. 2004....
Continuously moving table time-of-flight angiography of the peripheral veinsSandra Huff
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Med 63:1219-29. 2010..CMT TOF provides promising results and permits the detection of various pathologic changes of the venous system...
Impaired continuity of flow in congenital heart disease with single ventricle physiologyMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Str 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 12:87-90. 2011..Such findings indicate the potential of flow-sensitive 4D MRI to detect and quantify complex 3D flow alterations...
Multicoil Dixon chemical species separation with an iterative least-squares estimation methodScott B Reeder
Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94304, USA
Magn Reson Med 51:35-45. 2004..An analysis of the noise performance of this method is described, and methods to improve noise performance through multicoil acquisition and field map smoothing are discussed...
T2-weighted balanced SSFP imaging (T2-TIDE) using variable flip anglesDominik Paul
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Magn Reson Med 56:82-93. 2006..T2-TIDE is a robust technique for acquiring T2-weighted images while exploiting the advantages of b-SSFP imaging, such as high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and short TRs...
Bilateral ce-MR angiography of the hands at 3.0 T and 1.5 T: intraindividual comparison of quantitative and qualitative image parameters in healthy volunteersJan Thorsten Winterer
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
Eur Radiol 18:658-64. 2008..Saturation affects more the SNR of the perivascular tissue than the contrast-enhanced blood, and thus leads to a marked increase of CNR at 3.0...
Time-resolved three-dimensional phase-contrast MRIMichael Markl
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA
J Magn Reson Imaging 17:499-506. 2003....
Vocal tract in female registers--a dynamic real-time MRI studyMatthias Echternach
Department of Musicians Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
J Voice 24:133-9. 2010..These findings suggest that in these subjects register transition was not primarily the result of modifications of the vocal tract...
