Donald M Lloyd-Jones

..In this context, the agenda of the Jackson Heart Study should promote understanding of and identify means for enhancing the roles of CVD prevention and health promotion among African Americans...

..Data are sparse regarding the association of stable body mass index (BMI) over the long term with metabolic syndrome components in young adults...

..Lack of association remained consistent when using log CAC and CC-IMT as continuous variables. In conclusion, ECG abnormalities are not associated with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in a large multiethnic cohort...

..These results should encourage efforts aimed at preventing the development of risk factors in younger subjects to decrease CVD mortality and promote longevity...

..The aim of this article is to describe recent advances in our understanding of lifetime risks for cardiovascular disease and their implications for lipid guidelines...

..The authors propose that many questions still must be addressed before CRP is incorporated into risk prediction algorithms and before universal screening with CRP can be recommended...

..Lifetime risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not previously been estimated, and the effect of risk factor burden on lifetime risk is unknown...

..These results represent a novel approach to understanding the complications of hypertension and may help target therapies for patients with new-onset hypertension to optimize prevention strategies...

..Treatment and control rates vary considerably across ethnicities. Greater efforts must be made to improve hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in all middle-aged women, particularly those in ethnic minority groups...

..Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia and a source of considerable morbidity and mortality, but lifetime risk for AF has not been estimated...

..Data are sparse regarding current rates of hypertension treatment and control, and risks associated with hypertension, among persons older than 80 years...

..This study sought to determine whether novel markers not involving ionizing radiation could predict coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression in a low-risk population...

..For women, impact of cardiovascular risk factors measured in young adulthood, particularly favorable (low-risk) profile, on mortality has been difficult to assess due to low short-term death rates...

..No longitudinal study of young adults has examined the prospective association of religious involvement with incident cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) and subclinical disease (subCVD)...

..No studies have compared first cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and non-CVD death between races in a competing risks framework, which examines risks for numerous events simultaneously...

..Our data suggest a connection between immune response and vascular calcification and the result provides a potential mechanistic explanation for the lower prevalence and severity of CAC in African Americans compared with whites...

..Early changes in arterial wall compliance could be a useful marker of patients at high risk for developing lower extremity atherosclerosis...

..The lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease have not been reported across the age spectrum in black adults and white adults...

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..In women, the increased risk associated with both diabetes mellitus and smoking was most prominent in the early follow-up periods...

..To date, no lifetime risk estimates of total CVD have been reported...

..We examined how changes in BP during middle age affect LTR for CVD, coronary heart disease, and stroke...

..Further work is needed to generate multivariate risk models that can reliably predict lifetime risk for CHD...

..Few studies to date have described the prevalence of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in a biracial middle-aged cohort...

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..We sought to define current trends and forward projections to 2020 in cardiovascular health...

..We examined whether adopting a healthy lifestyle throughout young adulthood is associated with the presence of the low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age...

..The study sought to characterise the competing incidences for subtypes of first CVD events or non-CVD death in those with and without ECG LVH...

..The aim of this study was to investigate whether multiple biomarkers contribute to improved coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction in post-menopausal women compared with assessment using traditional risk factors (TRFs) only...

..These findings support the approach of current guidelines in the use of systolic and diastolic blood pressure to assess risk and the need for treatment...

..Thus, we sought to examine the association between SA and CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and non-CVD death...

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..To detect differences in potential magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of coronary remodeling between older hypertensive patients and healthy controls...

..Many patients exhibit multiple chronic disease risk behaviors. Research provides little information about advice that can maximize simultaneous health behavior changes...

..Although prediction with individual risk factors has been tested in individuals <30 years, current multivariate risk prediction strategies have not been applied to prediction of clinical CHD in this age range...

..The prevalence and prognostic significance of isolated minor nonspecific ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities (NSSTTAs) in older adults are poorly understood...

..The author's findings both justify and encourage antihypertensive treatment in all hypertensive adults...

..We aimed to determine who would be falsely classified as low risk using this approach...

..We investigated whether traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were similarly associated with CVD mortality in black and white men and women...

..Continued basic science and population-based research into CHD biomarkers may help to further the capacity for CHD risk assessment...

..Similar findings were observed in the multivariate models and in the subgroup analyses. In conclusion, in a large cohort of healthy women, we found no evidence of an association between fish or omega-3 fatty acid intake and incident AF...

..This mortality excess for MMD/NSTEMI was associated with more comorbid conditions and decreased use of basic therapies for ACS. After controlling for baseline differences, STEMI patients had the highest mortality...

..The purpose of this study was to determine the association between fitness and lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

..Modifications to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines lowered optional low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment goals...

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..Data describing factors associated with the development of a prolonged QRS duration (QRSd) from young adulthood to middle age are sparse...

..Data are sparse regarding how physicians use coronary risk information for prescribing decisions...

..These data also support further research into genetic determinants of cardiovascular risk...

..There is no information on the effect, if any, of hormonal treatment on the prognostic value of the ECG...

..Therefore, we derived gender-based normative values for echocardiographic measurements of RVED area, in a large bi-racial cohort of young adults...

..The purpose of this study was to compare the association of the Framingham risk score (FRS) and Reynolds risk score (RRS) with subclinical atherosclerosis, assessed by incidence and progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC)...

..The authors have outlined several principles of CAC testing into a list of dos and don'ts to help maximize its potential benefit while minimizing potential harm...

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..We sought to determine whether QRSd is associated with incident HF and measures of cardiac structure and function by cardiac MRI...

..Pregnancy is associated with marked maternal cardiovascular/hemodynamic changes. A greater number of pregnancies may be associated with long-term subclinical changes in left ventricular (LV) remodeling...

..Focused research is needed to understand and guide the management of women with heart failure...

..quot; The following articles include points from the debate, rebuttal, and questions raised by the audience. We thank all authors for sharing this debate with the readership...

..99, p = 0.91 per standard deviation change in HRR). Slow HRR in young adulthood is not associated with the presence of CAC at middle age...

..An updated Framingham risk prediction tool was recently published. It features an expanded end point of general cardiovascular disease and a "vascular age" risk communication analogy...

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..Understanding how sex and tobacco exposure may modify lifetime risks for cancer mortality is important for effective communication of risk in targeted public health messages...

..Mutations of PCSK9 are associated cross-sectionally with plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, but little is known about their longitudinal association with LDL-C levels from young adulthood to middle age...

..Public health policies must focus on prevention of all major risk factors simultaneously, using lifestyle approaches from early ages onwards to reduce population CVD risk to endemic levels, rather than current epidemic levels...

..The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of complications after cardiac rhythm management device (CRMD) implantation in patients with and without ESRD...

..We compared EHR-based assessment with manual chart review to determine the accuracy of automated cardiac risk estimation and determination of candidates for antiplatelet or lipid-lowering interventions...

..To assess the feasibility of using magnetic resonance (MR) angiography to noninvasively measure the coronary distensibility index (CDI) in older adults...

..However, a genetic marker for PAD has not been identified...

..These findings extend our current knowledge of ventricular depolarization and conduction...

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..This application represents a novel approach to analyzing existing data that is likely to yield substantial new insights into the epidemiology of CVD among non-white ethnic groups. ..

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..This research will fill critical gaps in our knowledge of the long-term consequences of low risk status, which may ultimately lead to improvements in public health and preventive strategies. ..

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..This research will fill critical gaps in our knowledge of the long-term consequences of low risk status, which may ultimately lead to improvements in public health and preventive strategies. ..