P Greenland

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..Population-wide primary prevention, early detection, and control of higher BP are indicated from young adulthood on...

..Persons with lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are often asymptomatic or have leg symptoms other than intermittent claudication (IC)...

..However, findings for younger people are limited, and the value of detecting and treating hypercholesterolemia in younger adults is debated...

..Minor electrocardiographic (ECG) ST-T abnormalities are common, but their prognostic importance has not been fully determined...

..The describe peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in African Americans, and compare findings in African Americans and whites with PAD...

..These data support the use of the ABI to identify abnormal lower-extremity function...

..Further study is needed with a larger sample to identify optimal exercise methods that improve lower extremity functioning in men and women with peripheral arterial disease who do not have intermittent claudication...

..The aim of this study was to investigate whether multiple biomarkers contribute to improved coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction in post-menopausal women compared with assessment using traditional risk factors (TRFs) only...

..Although prediction with individual risk factors has been tested in individuals <30 years, current multivariate risk prediction strategies have not been applied to prediction of clinical CHD in this age range...

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..Traditional atherosclerotic risk factors predict long-term cardiovascular disease events but are poor predictors of near-term events...

..CONCLUSIONS: Both PAD-related leg symptoms and ABI predict patient-perceived walking ability in PAD...

..CONCLUSION: These data support the hypothesis that high CACS can modify predicted risk obtained from FRS alone, especially among patients in the intermediate-risk category in whom clinical decision making is most uncertain...

..12 vs. 0.27 BMI units; P = 0.04). Results for men showed fewer and weaker associations. When obese women perceive themselves as obese and feel that their body size is too large, they gain less weight over time...

..The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) has been shown to predict future coronary heart disease (CHD) events. However, the extent to which adding CACS to traditional CHD risk factors improves classification of risk is unclear...

..These results indicate that an association between weight loss and mortality may not persist beyond 15 years, and that weight variability may not be related to mortality independently of weight loss or weight gain...

..These data may help in formulating appropriate strategies to identify young men at heightened risk for death from coronary heart disease in later adulthood...

..In conclusion, these data indicate that the long-term risk of high BP should be assessed mainly on the basis of SBP or of SBP and DBP together, not on the basis of PP, in apparently healthy adults...

..These findings support the approach of current guidelines in the use of systolic and diastolic blood pressure to assess risk and the need for treatment...

..08-18.0) of reporting a second malignancy compared with black women without NMSC. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides additional evidence of an association between NMSC and another malignancy in a large, multiethnic population...

..It is concluded that major cardiovascular risk factors--serum cholesterol, smoking, and blood pressure--in middle age relate significantly to risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in persons surviving into older age...

..Special efforts to improve eating patterns of less educated strata can contribute importantly to overcoming this and related health disparities in the population...

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..However, it is unknown whether patients with PAD who walk for exercise regularly have less functional decline than those with less walking activity...

..We also determined whether female sex and black race were associated with greater functional decline than male sex and white race, respectively, in PAD...

..The authors propose that many questions still must be addressed before CRP is incorporated into risk prediction algorithms and before universal screening with CRP can be recommended...

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..High fruit and vegetable intake is associated with lower risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Little is known about the relationship of fruit and vegetable intake to health care expenditures...

..To determine whether higher circulating levels of inflammatory and thrombotic markers are associated with greater decline in lower extremity performance...

..However, it is unknown whether cardiovascular risk profile earlier in life influences health care costs in the last year of life. This study addresses this question...

..Clinical Trial Registration - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00217919...

..We hypothesized that baseline obesity and weight gain during follow-up would each be associated with functional declines in persons with PAD...

..Previous studies showing that smaller low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size is associated with greater atherosclerotic risk did not adequately control for small and large LDL particle correlation...

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..In women, the increased risk associated with both diabetes mellitus and smoking was most prominent in the early follow-up periods...

..The primary end point is the composite end point of total mortality plus nonfatal reinfarction...

..Thus, we sought to examine the association between SA and CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and non-CVD death...

..There is no information on the effect, if any, of hormonal treatment on the prognostic value of the ECG...

..Learning to make medically accurate judgments of healthy body size may increase the motivation to lose weight in some persons...

..These results should encourage efforts aimed at preventing the development of risk factors in younger subjects to decrease CVD mortality and promote longevity...

..We analyzed data from a cohort study to investigate associations of interviewer-measured BMI and PLG with risk of NHL mortality and to explore associations with leukemia and multiple myeloma...

..06) but was unrelated to other risk factor changes. Knowledge of CVD risk factors was very low in these young adults but increased with the presence of risk factors. Knowledge alone did not predict 10-year changes in risk factors...

..Lack of association remained consistent when using log CAC and CC-IMT as continuous variables. In conclusion, ECG abnormalities are not associated with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in a large multiethnic cohort...

..We investigated whether traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were similarly associated with CVD mortality in black and white men and women...

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..Microalbuminuria (MA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease. However, little is known about the relation of nutritional factors to MA, especially in individuals without diabetes...

..To determine whether persons with poorer lower extremity functioning have reduced physical activity levels...

..This study evaluates whether BMI in middle age is related to health-related quality of life in older age...

..Few data exist on this important issue. This study evaluates the relationship of midlife low-risk status to quality of life and illness in older age...

..To examine relationships of BMI with health-related quality of life in adults 65 years and older...

..We determined whether higher levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A are associated independently with functional impairment in patients with and without peripheral arterial disease (PAD)...

..We determined whether statin use (versus nonuse) is associated with superior lower-extremity functioning independently of cholesterol levels and other confounders in patients with and without peripheral arterial disease...

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..Results from observational studies on fish consumption and risk of stroke are inconsistent. We quantitatively assessed the relationship between fish intake and incidence of stroke using a meta-analysis of cohort studies...

..Results from observational studies on fish consumption and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality are inconsistent...

..4%, 11.4%, and 6.4%, respectively. Results indicate that mean and median CV are not equivalent to %TE and that values below the detection limit can markedly affect estimates and should be excluded...

..Despite adverse changes in risk factors, the prevalence of measurable CAC and mean CAC scores were less for LR participants than for non-LR participants (60% vs 77%, p = 0.09, and 217 vs 443, p = 0.05, respectively)...

..These findings support the concept that multiple macro- and micronutrients, alcohol intake, and calorie imbalance relate prospectively to blood pressure change...

..However, little is known about the impact of body mass index (BMI) earlier in life on Medicare expenditures (cardiovascular disease [CVD]-related, diabetes-related, and total) in older age...

..188 for UAC vs. 0.211 for UAE) because of high correlation between body mass index and creatinine level. Thus, UAC and ACR are acceptable alternatives to the more complex UAE, and the simpler UAC may be preferable to ACR in some respects...

..To determine whether higher circulating levels of thrombotic and inflammatory markers are associated with greater disability...

..To determine whether menopausal hormone therapy alters the QT interval in primarily healthy postmenopausal women...

..For women, impact of cardiovascular risk factors measured in young adulthood, particularly favorable (low-risk) profile, on mortality has been difficult to assess due to low short-term death rates...

..However, relations between these clinical characteristics and objectively measured functional decline are unknown...

..We conclude that D-dimer levels may be more sensitive than other blood markers for measuring the extent of atherosclerosis in lower extremity arteries...

..The purpose of this study was to determine if these methods correlate with an exercise intensity below VT in LVSD patients...

..Intervention and clinical visits were conducted in these same facilities...

..ABI was more closely associated with cadence than step length. Future studies should assess the effect of exercise programs and revascularization on cadence and step length in PAD...

..This report determines the extent to which young adults in the highest and lowest intake quintiles of 13 nutrients remain in the same or adjacent quintiles (i.e., "tracked") relative to each other, over 7 years...

..8, p = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Atherosclerotic risk factors are less intensively treated among PAD patients than CAD patients. A number of possible explanations could account for these disparities in therapeutic intensity...

..This study examines associations between current use, duration, and potency of statin medications and incident frailty in initially nonfrail women 65 years old or older...

..However, many patients with hypertension require treatment with more than 1 drug class to achieve blood pressure control. The relative benefits or risks of 2-drug-class combinations are not well known...

..Based on population survey data, 95% of American women are considered at low risk based on FRS...

..The role of walking, as compared with vigorous exercise, in the prevention of cardiovascular disease remains controversial. Data for women who are members of minority racial or ethnic groups are particularly sparse...

..Our objective was to describe the relation between the baseline white blood cell (WBC) count and future CVD events and mortality in postmenopausal women...

..Multiple epidemiologic studies and some trials have linked diet with cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, but long-term intervention data are needed...

..05). These results support the concept that diets higher in fruits and vegetables and lower in meats (except fish) may reduce the risk of developing high BP...

..We describe prevalence, cardiovascular correlates, and relationship to subsequent cardiovascular events of depressive symptoms among generally healthy postmenopausal women...

..We encourage healthcare policy makers to promote translational research for screening and treatment of vulnerable patients...

..We encourage healthcare policy makers to promote translational research for screening and treatment of vulnerable patients...

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..An Executive Committee led by the Program Director/PI directs the program and is assisted by an Advisory Committee. Ongoing evaluation and feedback will help assure that programmatic and recruitment goals are met. ..

..A plan for evaluation is presented that measures the program's success against its objectives outlined above and provides ongoing formative assessment. ..

..The initiation of the program comes at a time of substantial and sustained growth in NUMS' clinical research enterprise. All of these factors make NUMS an ideal site for an National Institute's of Health (NIH)-funded CRCA. ..

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