M P McHugh

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..01) but did not change during either concentric bout. In conclusion, there was no evidence that the repeated bout effect was due to a neural adaptation...

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..Ankle sprains are among the most common sports injuries...

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..In conclusion, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the repeated bout effect, however, a unified theory explaining the mechanism or mechanisms for this protective adaptation remains elusive...

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..The addition of sarcomeres would limit sarcomere strain for subsequent eccentric contractions and may explain the repeated bout effect observed here...

..A high body mass index and previous ankle sprains have been shown to increase the risk of sustaining noncontact inversion ankle sprains in high school football players...

..Performing an initial bout of eccentric exercise at a shortened muscle length did not protect against strength loss and pain following a repeated bout at a longer muscle length. Data are given as mean (SE) unless otherwise stated...

..0001). Higher mean frequencies for eccentric than concentric contractions at submaximal contraction intensities is consistent with more fast-twitch motor units being active during eccentric contractions...

..The present results are consistent with the theory that muscle damage results from excessive stress on a small number of active fibres during eccentric contractions...

..Resistance to passive stretch in the mid-range of motion is a function of the passive mechanical restraints to motion. However, an active contractile response may contribute resistance at terminal ROM...

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..Prospective, observational study...

..78). CONCLUSIONS: Tourniquet use of less than 114 minutes during ACL reconstruction had no effect on the strength of the lower extremity after surgery...

..A player was 17 times more likely to sustain an adductor muscle strain if his adductor strength was less than 80% of his abductor strength...

..Prospective, observational study...

..Case study...

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..To quantify the performance demands in professional male tennis...

..In the immobilised ankle, the addition of a 1 inch heel lift was sufficient to minimise plantarflexor activity during walking...

..CONCLUSION: Active joint stiffness was dependent on knee flexion angle. Peak joint stiffness during maximal contractions occurred at, or prior to, the optimal angle for torque production for all subjects...

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..Peripheral magnetic stimulation (PMS) of the femoral nerve is associated with very little subject discomfort and has been shown to elicit quadriceps contractions of >70% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)...

..003). The compensations by other joints may indicate protective adaptations to avoid overloading the reconstructed knee...

..Separation of tendon ends after Achilles tendon repair may affect the tendon repair process and lead to postoperative end-range plantarflexion weakness...

..Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and posterior shoulder tightness have been linked to internal impingement...

..CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ankle sprain prevention strategies should be targeted at football players with a high body mass index and a history of previous ankle sprains...

..This could be because of elongation of the repair, causing more slack in the tendon that would need to be taken up before force transmission occurs. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 4...

..Subjects reported little or no pain during the procedure. Magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve is a well-tolerated way to activate the quadriceps muscles...

..By using an HHD during shoulder testing, clinicians can identify weakness that may have been presumed normal...

..CONCLUSION: Preoperative electromyographic indices of quadriceps muscle function and early postoperative strength were predictive of residual weakness and impaired function 6 months after reconstruction...

..A high prevalence of throwing-related shoulder and elbow pain has been documented in adolescent baseball pitchers...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that patients do not benefit from creatine supplementation during the first 12 weeks of rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction...

..Weakness in the empty can test on the dominant arm combined with minimal postgame fatigue was surprising given that studies and injury patterns have indicated a high performance demand on the supraspinatus during pitching...

..CONCLUSIONS: Weakness of greater than 50% relative to the contralateral side in shoulder abduction at 10 degrees of abduction was indicative of a large or massive rotator cuff tear...

..A new, stronger method to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligaments using semitendinosus tendon allografts has been previously described. No outcome studies have been published on this new procedure...

..Previous literature has associated hip weakness with patellofemoral pain syndrome...

..The results of this study demonstrate that patients with patellar tendinitis have abnormal patellar tilt in the sagittal plane...

..CONCLUSIONS: A therapeutic intervention of strengthening the adductor muscle group appears to be an effective method for preventing adductor strains in professional ice hockey players...

..Hop test deficits were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Initial graft tension affects the restoration of knee stability. A graft tension of 45 N was not sufficient for restoring knee stability...

..Reconstruction for injuries to the acromioclavicular joint remains controversial...

..Clinical Relevance: Use of tendon graft reconstruction may limit the need for postoperative immobilization and lead to an accelerated rehabilitation program...

..Scapular strengthening is thought to be an important component of the rehabilitation of patients with internal impingement...

..Maintenance of body mass despite large exercise energy expenditures in extreme heat is consistent with fluid overload during a running event lasting more than 24 hours in hot and humid conditions...

..A digital level can be used to reliably measure shoulder ROM but should not be used interchangeably with a standard goniometer...

..Other conventional approaches, such as massage, ultrasound, and stretching appear less promising...

..Overall, an acute bout of dynamic stretching may be less detrimental to muscle strength than static stretching for the hamstrings...