T P Stein

..g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure) and is part of the aging process. The problem is therefore one of considerable clinical importance...

..We hypothesized that protein synthesis in other tissues is sub-optimal after spaceflight because of substrate competition for amino acids occurring between the muscles needing protein and other tissues...

..At the same body mass index, women have higher concentrations than men. Thus, during pregnancy, leptin may influence gestational weight gain and retention of a portion of that gain postpartum...

..The increase in glycolytic capacity in disused muscle is paralleled by an increase in glucogenic capacity by the liver...

..The two key steps involved in fatty acid uptake into the cells are lipoprotein lipase and the transport of the free fatty acids produced by lipoprotein lipase into the cell via the carnitine acyltransferase system...

..g. bed rest, immobilization) and secondary (when the atrophy is related to pathology as well as disuse, e.g. injury, sepsis etc.) and their multiple common features; to review progress in studying the recovery process and clinical status...

..The amount accreted is not enough to impact protein kinetics in the recovery phase but does improve N retention by providing additional essential amino acids in the early recovery phase...

..Decreasing the imbalance between the production of endogenous oxidant defenses and oxidant production by increasing the supply of dietary antioxidants may lessen the severity of the postflight increase in oxidative stress...

..In contrast, 8-OHdG tracked lower infant birthweight and shortened gestation duration. Birth defects were associated with low levels of 8-OHdG...

..Men show the greater response, with at least three factors being involved, a response to microgravity, energy balance, and the ratio of carbohydrate to fat in the diet...

..The expected postflight anabolic state with increases in dietary intake and PS did not occur during the first 2 wk after landing...

..40 x resting metabolic rate + exercise...

..We conclude that 1) oxidative damage was decreased inflight, and 2) oxidative damage was increased postflight...

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..The shift toward increased activity of the glycolytic enzymes in atrophied muscle is accommodated by an increase in gluconeogenic capacity in the liver...

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..The most abundant of the nucleoside oxidation products is 8-oxo-7,8 dihydro-2 deoxyguanosine (8 OH-dG). Our objective was to determine whether oxidative damage to DNA, as measured by 8 OH-dG, is increased with poor pregnancy outcome...

..These results suggest that the lipid peroxidation biomarker is increased in this cohort of autistic children, especially in the subgroup of autistic children...

..Few data exist on the effects of the 2 most abundant isomers of vitamin E (alpha- and gamma-tocopherols) on fetal growth...

..It is uncertain whether such an imbalance occurs before clinical recognition of the syndrome or whether it is related to diet...

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..The association, at least in part, is mediated by the maternal fat mass and obesity. These data suggest a possible link between elevated serum ferritin and low-grade inflammation...

..There are ethnic differences in antioxidant response and dietary fat intake. Our findings suggest a potential link among antioxidant defenses, insulin resistance, and dietary fat intake...

..These results are similar to those found with bed rest, which suggests that inactivity is a factor in depressed protein metabolism...

..9.2 micromol x kg(-1). min(-1), P < 0.05). We conclude that insulin suppressed EGP by inhibiting GL more than GNG and that elevated plasma FFA levels attenuated the suppression of EGP by interfering with insulin suppression of GL...

..The long-term effects of this diet, however, remain uncertain...

..The findings will have ramifications for public health, for the packaging trade and for the chemical industry. ..