Joel D Ernst

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..tuberculosis that form an 'immunological life cycle'. It is hoped that this thesis will provide a framework for investigation to understand immunity to M. tuberculosis and to guide tuberculosis vaccine discovery and development...

..tuberculosis. A workshop held in June, 2007 reviewed the existing database, discussed the utility of reference sets of epitopes, and identified knowledge gaps pertaining to epitopes and immune responses in tuberculosis...

..In this review, we describe some of the major progress in tuberculosis research that has resulted from knowledge of the genome sequence and note some of the problems that remain unsolved...

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..tuberculosis uses multiple pathways to abrogate the action of an important effector of adaptive immunity. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants AI 065357-AI 020010...

..Thus, pathogen modulation of apoptosis is beneficial at multiple levels, and enhancing phagocyte apoptosis promotes CD4 as well as CD8 T cell responses...

..tuberculosis infection in CCR7(-/-) mice is compromised compared with wild-type mice...

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..These results reveal a previously unsuspected role for IFN-gamma responsiveness in nonhematopoietic cells in regulation of immunity to M. tuberculosis and illustrate the role of IDO in the inhibition of Th17 cell responses...

..Our data identify RP105 as an accessory molecule for TLR2, forming part of the receptor complex for innate immune recognition of mycobacterial lipoproteins...

..Together, our results imply a model in which type I IFN limit the number of target cells that M. tuberculosis can infect in the lungs, whereas IFN-γ enhances their ability to restrict bacterial growth...

..The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity and specificity of globomycin, an inhibitor of lipoprotein signal peptidase II (LspA), against Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

..africanum less frequently demonstrate T-cell responses to the ESX-1-secreted virulence factor ESAT-6 than those infected with M. tuberculosis. We hypothesized that less frequent progression is caused by impaired secretion of ESAT-6...

..In summary, lipoprotein processing by LspA is essential for resistance of M. tuberculosis to malachite green. A cell wall permeability defect is likely responsible for the hypersensitivity of lspA mutant to malachite green...

..These observations provide insight into a mechanism for neutrophils to facilitate initiation of adaptive immune responses in tuberculosis...

..tuberculosis. Conversely, defects in these interactions may contribute to susceptibility to tuberculosis and other infections...

..In this issue of Immunity, Clay et al. (2008) provide unique insights, using intravital microscopy and the zebrafish-embryo model of tuberculosis...

..Taken together, these results indicate that TLR2-dependent inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced gene expression is mediated by distinct, gene-specific mechanisms that disrupt binding of the transcriptional machinery to the promoters...

..The study provides insight into host defense mechanisms that act to control TB infection and how they are affected during anti-TNF immunotherapy for autoimmune disease...

..To determine the variation of IFN-γ and IL-17 responses to M. tuberculosis antigens in healthy TST+ humans...

..These results establish that M. tuberculosis possesses multiple mechanisms of inhibiting responses to IFN-gamma...

..These results indicate that Mtb targets DC migration and Ag presentation in vivo to promote persistent infection...

..Here we discuss these findings as well as some of the interesting questions they raise...

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..In addition, it highlights topics that need to be better understood to provide improved means of controlling TB worldwide...

..This review examines current knowledge of the state and impact of the HIV-TB syndemic and reviews the epidemiological, clinical, cellular, and molecular interactions between HIV and TB...

..These results reveal a novel function for IL-6 and indicate that IL-6 secreted by Mtb-infected macrophages may contribute to the inability of the cellular immune response to eradicate infection...

..Further investigation revealed a critical role for CCR2 in the recruitment of F4/80(dim) macrophages and CD11c(dim/intermediate) DCs to the infected lung...

..tuberculosis without inhibiting production of NO. These results imply that inhibition of macrophage responses to IFN-gamma may contribute to the inability of an apparently effective immune response to eradicate M. tuberculosis...

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..This review concentrates on the roles of these molecules and the immune response in tuberculosis, based on studies of humans and mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

..tuberculosis. ..

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..The proposed experiments will provide high-resolution understanding of the mechanisms used by Mtb to block MO responses to IFNg, and will provide a basis for interventions to overcome the block and enhance immunity to Mtb. ..

..We expect that understanding these mechanisms will allow us and others to develop novel ways to increase resistance of people to tuberculosis. ..

..tuberculosis with the human immune system, particularly the ability of this pathogen to persist in the face of a seemingly appropriate immune response. ..

..In addition, they will determine the feasibility of analysis of gene expression in the lungs of specific strains of mice to ultimately identify genes that confer protection against tuberculosis. ..

..The findings will have an important impact on development of new vaccines against tuberculosis. ..