Mony J de Leon

..The data also suggest that T-tau changes are more age dependent than Abeta changes. The evidence that P-tau231 and IP are the earliest markers for the neuronal damage related to AD awaits longitudinal study...

..Further study is required to estimate individual risks and to determine the physiologic basis for METglu changes detected while cognition is normal...

..Moreover, selected combinations of imaging and CSF biomarkers measures are of importance in monitoring the course of AD and thus relevant to evaluating clinical trials...

..These results demonstrate that CSF biomarkers for AD contribute to the characterization of MCI...

..Longitudinally, only after adjusting for the ventricular volume and only for Ptau231, were increases seen in MCI. Further studies are warranted on mechanisms of tau clearance and on using imaging to interpret CSF studies...

..To longitudinally evaluate five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the transition from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

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..05). These results provide support for including multiple modalities of biomarkers in the identification of memory clinic patients at increased risk for dementia...

..No treatment effects were seen among impaired individuals, suggesting that longer treatment time may be necessary to achieve biomarker effect in this group...

..NH and ≥ 71% for MH vs. PH, with relative risk = 1.9-5.1 (p values < 0.005). NL individuals with AD-affected mothers show co-occurring Aβ increases and hypometabolism in AD-vulnerable regions, suggesting an increased risk for AD...

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..With a panel of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, this study examined whether NL MH showed evidence for AD pathology compared with PH and NH...

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..6, P=0.05). An elevated risk for vascular pathology is associated with a reduced response to hypercapnia in both hippocampal and cortical tissue. The VR(h) is more sensitive to vascular burden than either resting CBF or brain volume...

..This longitudinal study used FDG-PET imaging to predict and monitor cognitive decline from normal aging...

..There were no associations between paternal age and metabolism in any group. Evidence for a maternally inherited, maternal age-related mechanism provides further insight on risk factors and genetic transmission in late-onset AD...

..These findings indicate that Robust norms improve identification of healthy individuals who will decline and may be useful for selecting at-risk participants for research studies and early interventions...

..Overall, these studies show that the use of imaging for the early detection of AD is successful even in the earlier stages of disease when clinical symptoms are not fully expressed and the regional brain damage may be limited...

..Present findings may motivate further research on familial transmission and parent-of-origin effects in LOAD...

..Our findings support the use of regional brain atrophy as a preclinical biomarker for LOAD among at-risk individuals...

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..The utility of combining early markers to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) remains uncertain...

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..The last section describes problems encountered in the differential diagnosis...

..We classified the lateral EC sulcal boundary as either a rhinal or collateral pattern and tested the hypotheses that the rhinal pattern was (1) more common in AD and (2) associated with a smaller EC size...

..We tested whether an (18)F-FDG PET database of longitudinally confirmed healthy elderly individuals ("normals," or NLs) would improve diagnosis of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)...

..This study shows that TNF-alpha and elevated numbers of antibodies against periodontal bacteria associate with AD and contribute to the AD diagnosis...

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..In this presymptomatic stage when no cognitive impairment is present, AD biomarkers and HTN have additive effects on gray matter damage...

..Using magnetic resonance imaging data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we tested the hypothesis that surgery would impact brain parameters associated with progression of dementia...

..No CMRglc differences were found between FHp and FH(-) subjects. This study shows a relationship between reduced CMRglc in AD-vulnerable brain regions and a maternal family history of AD in cognitively normal individuals...

..We suggest this method be further evaluated for its potential in the early diagnosis of AD...

..We then briefly review brain Abeta PET imaging studies in AD and discuss the potential of combining symptoms-sensitive FDG-PET measures with pathology-specific Abeta-PET to improve the early detection of AD...

..Because chronic periodontitis is a treatable infection, it might be a readily modifiable risk factor for AD...

..Treatment with memantine decreased Glu/Cr (creatine) ratio in the left hippocampal region. Memantine reduced hippocampal glutamate levels, which may be consistent with its anti-excitotoxic property...

..It is concluded that there is considerable promise for an early and specific diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease by combining information from imaging and biomarker modalities...

..6 mL/(100 g min) or 5.4%. The 3T true fast imaging in steady precession arterial spin labeling method offers a HBF measurement strategy that combines good spatial resolution, sensitivity, and minimal image distortions...

..To quantify proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy-detectable metabolite concentrations along anteroposterior axis of hippocampus in healthy young and elderly subjects...

..Subjective memory complaint (SMC) in normal individuals may predict future cognitive decline. The goal of this study was to examine whether the probability of decline increases with growing intensity of complaint...

..Nevertheless, longitudinal and other studies indicate essential compatibility between GDS stage 3 MCI and Petersen's MCI duration and outcomes...

..We sought to determine whether patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) would have an accelerated progression of dementia postoperatively when compared with the patients without MCI...

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..Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) has been a common, but poorly understood condition, frequently occurring in older persons...

..The present paper reviews findings that implicate hypometabolism and oxidative stress as crucial players in the initiation and progression of synaptic pathology in AD...

..Larger temporal lobe volumes may be associated with early traumatization and survival or may reflect some other characteristic of Holocaust survivors...

..Whether cortisol levels, in conjunction with other factors, such as hippocampal volume, will lead to improved prediction of future decline to AD in participants with MCI remains to be established in longitudinal studies...

..To determine if medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy rate, assessed by using an automated procedure over the initial time interval of a 6-year, three-time-point longitudinal study, is predictive of future memory decline...

..This observation may bring to light a mechanism for aging brain injury that may have substantial medical impact, given the large number of elderly individuals with impaired glucose metabolism...

..Finally, we will discuss the potential to combine different PET tracers and CSF markers of pathology to improve the early detection of AD...

..3) Smaller, earlier plaques require contrast ligand for MRI visualization. Our ligand when combined with VBA may be useful for following therapeutic approaches targeting amyloid in transgenic mouse models...

..Since periodontitis is a treatable condition, it may be a readily modifiable risk factor for AD...

..The reduction in stroke and AD risk in patients treated with cholesterol-lowering statins is also discussed...

..It remains possible that age-associated changes in fast feedback may be related to changes to other brain sites, such as hypothalamus or pituitary...

..This seminar reviews the key aspects of the disease, including epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as recent developments and controversies...

..These preliminary results suggest that even very mild degrees of hippocampal atrophy may be associated with subtle behavioral impairments...

..Differences in personality traits or in stress susceptibility might underlie the present findings. Future studies of memory complaints should take a comprehensive approach including relevant endocrine parameters...

..No differences in T(1) values or proton density were detected between any groups of mice. These results indicate that T(2) may be a sensitive marker of abnormalities in this transgenic mouse model of AD...

..The enhanced CV in precuneus, despite its marked reductions in metabolism, suggests that increases in regional homogeneity in parietal and temporal cortices are not a mere reflection of the decrement in metabolism...

..There are ample numbers of volunteer subjects and patients available. There is adequate statistical power for testing the hypotheses. ..

..We have strong preliminary evidence in support of our hypotheses and all the facilities are in place. ..

..In vivo imaging of molecules,2. Cells and networks throughout the lifespan;3. Imaging and physiology of aging; 4. Translational applications; 5. and Technologies at the forefront of imaging. ..

..Ample numbers of subjects are available, and we already completed the proposed three evaluations on 8 eligible NL subjects. There is adequate statistical power for testing the hypotheses. ..

..This project will test the hypothesis that validated biological markers for neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid plaque pathology contribute to FDG-PET in predicting future cognitive decline in cognitively normal subjects. ..

..This project will test the hypothesis that validated biological markers for neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid plaque pathology contribute to FDG-PET in predicting future cognitive decline in cognitively normal subjects. ..

..There are ample numbers of volunteer subjects and patients available. There is adequate statistical power for testing the hypotheses. ..

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..Early detection of AD will facilitate testing treatments under conditions of less brain damage. ..

..Over 36 months, all subjects will receive 3 cognitive evaluations and 2 MRI scans. The results will improve our knowledge of the progression of brain changes underlying memory decline in aging. ..

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