A J Wilcox

..To explore the role of folic acid supplements, dietary folates, and multivitamins in the prevention of facial clefts...

..In addition to providing information on causality, recurrence risk offers a means for more efficient design of aetiological studies...

..Such coordination has not been established in humans. We explored this possibility by examining patterns of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation...

..The increased risk of preterm delivery among mothers born preterm is consistent with heritable maternal phenotypes that confer a propensity to deliver preterm...

..The possible role of sex selection in the Cuban context is discussed...

..It is possible for a factor to be protective within every stratum of a variable and yet be damaging overall. Questions remain as to the causal role of birth weight...

..While the ordinary approaches to birthweight are not well grounded, the links between birthweight and a range of health outcomes may nonetheless reflect the workings of biological mechanisms with implications for human health...

..We find that the possibility of late ovulation produces a persistent risk of pregnancy even into the sixth week of the cycle. Post-coital contraceptives may be indicated even when intercourse has occurred late in the cycle...

..Under plausible conditions, frank reversal of exposure-outcome associations can occur. When the purpose is causal inference, there are few settings in which adjustment for gestational age can be justified...

..quot; However, a pregnancy cannot be detected before the blastocyst implants. Due to natural variability in the timing of ovulation, implantation does not necessarily occur before the expected onset of next menses...

..5 (95% CI = 1.0-6.1) after adjusting for age, nitrous oxide, and number of mercury amalgams prepared. These data further implicate ethylene oxide as a possible reproductive toxicant in humans...

..002). CONCLUSIONS Although limited by small numbers and infrequent exposures, our analyses suggest that a woman's exposures both early in life and at the time of pregnancy may influence early development of the conceptus...

..Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the average profile of hCG and its variability during the 7 days following estimated implantation in a population of naturally conceived pregnancies...

..Pregnancy loss before 6 weeks' gestation is common, but little has been reported about the associated bleeding. We compared women's bleeding following a pregnancy loss before 6 weeks' gestation with their typical menstruation...

..Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd...

..We explored the relationship of these birth defects to inhibition of folic acid binding to folate receptor α (FRα), as well as possible effects of parental demographics or prenatal exposures...

..However, we cannot exclude the possibility that a small subgroup of susceptible women might have adverse consequences of sexual activity...

..No associations were found between any of the polymorphisms and CPO. Genetic variations in the nine metabolic genes examined here do not confer a substantial degree of risk for clefts...

..This practice has increased in recent decades, but its net effect on fetal and infant survival has not been assessed...

..9, 95% CI: 0.2, 4.1). The teratogenic effect of alcohol may depend on the genetic capacity of the mother and fetus to metabolize alcohol...

..In many occupation-based TTP studies, all information is collected through the male partner. There are no data on the validity of the man's report of his partner's fertility-related behavior...

..Very early pregnancy losses do not appear to influence subsequent menstrual cycles to the same degree as spontaneous miscarriages...

..It follows that the true gradient of mortality with birth weight would be weaker than what is observed, if indeed there is any true gradient at all...

..Occupational factors have been associated with risk of orofacial clefts in offspring, although data are limited. We explored associations between parent's occupation and isolated orofacial clefts using a population-based case-control study...

..Studies that rely on self-reported cycle length could be prone to artifactual findings because of systematic covariate effects on reporting...

..We sought to identify characteristics associated with follicular phase length...

..Despite strong evidence for genetic causes of oral facial clefts and the protective effects of maternal vitamins, we found no convincing indication that polymorphisms in these vitamin metabolism genes play an etiologic role...

..Menstrual discomfort is common among women of reproductive age and can be debilitating. The accuracy of self-report of menstrual discomfort is unknown...

..2 for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 10.2) and odds ratio = 3.0 for cleft palate only (95% confidence interval: 0.7, 13.0). Maternal binge-level drinking may increase the risk of infant clefts...

..If such rare factors underlie the association of birth weight with mortality, it would have broad implications for the study of fetal growth restriction and birth weight, and for the prevention of infant mortality...

..Delineating the functional importance of an abrupt progesterone rise at the time of implantation may provide new strategies for promoting successful implantation in assisted reproduction...

..We investigated whether higher BMI among men is associated with infertility and if so, to what extent that effect might be mediated by altered sexual function...

..9 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.0) for polythelia. For cryptorchidism and polythelia, the results were consistent with a modest-to-moderate association, but in no instance was the estimate very precise. The results were inconclusive...

..These findings support the use of stored urine specimens collected during the relevant stage of human pregnancy to investigate the influence of phthalate exposures on later outcomes...

..Part 1 covered terms relevant mostly to events and conditions before birth. Part 2 emphasises terms used during the time around and after birth...

..Advanced paternal age has been linked to early preterm delivery (before 32 weeks)...

..A census of pregnancies in Ukraine, a former eastern bloc country, was conducted to determine the rates of these events...

..The panels used for such analyses can detect single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants, both of which may help to identify small deleted regions of the genome that may contribute to a particular disease...

..Our aims were to evaluate the stability of BPA in specimens after 22-24 years of storage and to measure within-person temporal variability in urinary BPA...

..Studies of couple fertility have produced conflicting results. We evaluate how changes in the availability and use of effective contraception and induced abortion might bias the direct study of time trends in couple fertility...

..Risk factors differ between cases of cleft palate with and without accompanying defects...

..When a single allele is under study, the proposed method can yield powerful tests for detection of linkage disequilibrium and is applicable to a broader array of causal scenarios than is the TDT...

..Epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between exposure to mixed anesthetic gases and impaired fertility. We investigated the effects of occupational exposure to nitrous oxide on the fertility of female dental assistants...

..The earliest symptoms do not begin until after key stages of embryogenesis, reinforcing the need for women to initiate sound health behaviors before pregnancy is apparent. Published by Elsevier Science Inc...

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..30, 4.69). The authors found that a long TTP was associated with preeclampsia, supporting the hypothesis that some factors delaying clinically recognized conception may also be in a causal pathway for preeclampsia...

..The effect of this TGFA genotype was even stronger among children homozygous for the MSX1-CA A4 allele, raising the possibility of interaction between these two genes...

..These findings suggest a possible role of MTHFR and folic acid in the causation of orofacial clefts, but the strength and direction of these effects remain to be clarified...

..There is evidence for an effect of cigarette smoking on risk of oral clefts. There are also hypothetical pathways for a biologic effect involving toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke...

..Similar tendencies between mother and child could represent maternal genes passed to the fetus, as well as genes to the mother received from the grandmother that affect a woman's capacity to carry a pregnancy...

..We conclude that neither del22q11 nor dup22q11 testing is warranted in babies with overt cleft palate as the only finding...

..To assess the impact on risk of pre-eclampsia of genes that work through the mother, and genes of paternal origin that work through the fetus...

..7 vs. 0.7, p=0.07). Although cleft lip with cleft palate may simply represent a more severe form of the defect, epidemiologic assessments of cleft lip should, when possible, include separate analyses of these two groups...

..Detecting and monitoring early pregnancy depend on the measurement of HCG. Little is known about how production of various forms of HCG may evolve over the earliest weeks of pregnancy, particularly in naturally conceived pregnancies...

..Women with recurrent pre-eclampsia or pre-eclampsia early in pregnancy reportedly have an increased long-term risk of CVD. Short stature is a risk factor for CVD but has rarely been examined in relation to pre-eclampsia...

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..7, 95% CI=0.2-15.7). In conclusion, we find little evidence of interaction between the child's genotypes at TGFA TaqI and various exposures for cleft palate, with the possible exception of folic acid intake...

..To estimate the relative risk of recurrence of oral cleft in first degree relatives in relation to cleft morphology...

..However, the difference in risk might instead be explained by the interval between births. A longer interbirth interval may be associated with both a change of partner and a higher risk of preeclampsia...

..20, 1.14). Maternal intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced risk of cleft palate only, and there is no evidence of increased risk of clefts among women in our study with the highest 5% of vitamin A intake...

..113). Taken together, these findings further support a role for IRF6 variants in clefting of the lip and provide specific risk estimates in a Norwegian population...

..Little is known about the success rate of epidemiologic manuscripts, or the number of rejections they may go through before being published...