Sholom Wacholder

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..abstract:..

..The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate whether a diet-focused cohort study of cancer could be established in India, providing insight into potentially unique diet and lifestyle exposures...

..Genomewide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with breast cancer. The extent to which these variants add to existing risk-assessment models is unknown...

..To assess whether vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) increases the risk of miscarriage...

..These findings suggest that the medical community should emphasize persistence of cervical HPV infection, not single-time detection of HPV, in management strategies and health messages...

..We examined host genetic factors to identify those more common in individuals whose human papillomavirus (HPV) infections were most likely to persist and progress to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) and cancer...

..Investigations on the molecular distinctions along the disease continuum of cervical pathogenesis by HPV type are needed...

..1 (rs999737; P = 1.74 x 10(-7)) localizes to RAD51L1, a gene in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. We also confirmed associations with loci on chromosomes 2q35, 5p12, 5q11.2, 8q24, 10q26 and 16q12.1...

..In a large prospective cohort, we assessed the role of C trachomatis in cervical premalignancy and addressed confounding by HPV...

..Although genetic variation in TP53 might affect the natural history of HPV and cervical cancer, further work is needed to elucidate the possible mechanism...

..Host genetic factors might affect the risk of progression from infection with carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), the etiologic agent for cervical cancer, to persistent HPV infection, and hence to cervical precancer and cancer...

..Our data support the need for a nonvisual diagnostic method to guide management and treatment of HPV-positive women...

..CONCLUSIONS: HPV screening that distinguishes HPV16 and HPV18 from other oncogenic HPV types may identify women at the greatest risk of > or = CIN3 and may permit less aggressive management of other women with oncogenic HPV infections...

..Our findings emphasize the necessity of post-GWAS fine mapping and SNP functional assessment to further elucidate cancer risk associations...

..In conclusion, a lung cancer GWAS identified a distinct hereditary contribution to adenocarcinoma...

..These patterns need to be confirmed in other studies and populations. We suggest that these genetically distinct groups of HPV types may differ in tissue preferences, which may contribute to their differences in carcinogenic potential...

..The CIN3 is a substantially more reproducible diagnosis that can be validated more frequently with HPV tests and cytological interpretations than CIN2...

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..We are now using these sharpened diagnostic categories to search for novel biomarkers predicting the risk of progression and invasion...

..Further, possible effect of BRCA mutations on non-cancer mortality risk has not been examined...

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..The lack of evident severe abnormalities associated with HPV18 and related HPV types might have implications for screening for poorly detected glandular and alpha7-related lesions...

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..Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been consistently associated with increased risk of lung cancer. However, previous studies have had limited ability to determine whether the association is due to smoking...

..Detailed descriptions of long-term persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the absence of cervical precancer are lacking...

..However, the extent of methylation in other HPV types and its role in progression to cancer is poorly understood...

..Further investigation is warranted to determine whether rs10993994 alone or in combination with additional variants contributes to prostate cancer susceptibility...

..We investigated coinfection patterns for 25 human papillomavirus (HPV) types and assessed the risk conferred by multiple HPV types toward cervical disease...

..We evaluated whether simultaneous screening with a Pap test and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is useful for assessing the risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 or cervical cancer...

..e., A3/A4/A15) may have a predilection for vaginal epithelium...

..Although residual confounding by tobacco smoking cannot be ruled out, this finding may reflect interplay between alcohol and smoking, emphasizing the need for preventive measures...

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..In some populations, HPV prevalence demonstrates a second peak in older women. Longitudinal data may help to explain this second peak...

..However, for BPC cancers, which have modest familial aggregation, our analysis suggests that risk models based on common variants alone will have modest discriminatory power (63.5% area under curve), even with new discoveries...

..Larger viral genomic studies are warranted, especially to identify the genetic basis for HPV16's unique carcinogenicity...

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..We investigated the hypertension-renal cancer association by race, and we assessed the role of hypertension in the racial disparity of renal cancer incidence...

..The aim of this analysis was to assess the longitudinal relationship of abnormal cytology and HPV positivity in a 7-year prospective study of 2500 women in Guanacaste, Costa Rica...

..This study demonstrates a complex relationship between variants in the HNF1B region and prostate cancer risk. Further studies are needed to investigate the biological basis of the association of variants in 17q12 with prostate cancer...

..The greatest potential for reduction in cervical cancer rates from HPV screening is in low-resource regions that can implement infrequent rounds of low-cost HPV testing and treatment...

..We wanted to explore early HPV natural history and CIN 3 prospectively...

..5% for WH) between the 2 groups of women. Although WH have a similar prevalence of carcinogenic HPV infection, compared with WNH without a cervix, they have minimal risk of HPV-induced cancer and are unlikely to benefit from HPV testing...

..Adding HPV testing to cytology is recommended for women ≥30 but long-term prospective studies of HPV testing are rare...

..We evaluated determinants of seropositivity among 646 women infected with HPV-16 and/or HPV-18...

..Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 or HPV18 elicits an antibody response, but whether the elicited antibodies protect women against subsequent infection by a homologous HPV type compared with seronegative women is unknown...

..Anal cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), yet little is known about anal HPV infection among healthy young women...

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..81, 95% CI = 0.74-0.87). Our finding suggests the use of gene expression from PWB for the identification of early detection markers of lung cancer in the future...

..Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 infections cause most cases of anal cancer. We assessed efficacy of an AS04-adjuvanted HPV 16 and HPV 18 vaccine against anal infection with HPV 16, HPV 18, or both (HPV 16/18)...

..23-1.80) and decreased (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61-0.87) lung cancer risk, respectively. FH of lung cancer and nonmalignant lung diseases affected lung cancer risk independently, and did not appear to be modified by FH of smoking...

..Our findings suggest an interplay between quercetin intake, tobacco smoking, and lung cancer risk. Further research on this relationship is warranted...

..68 to 0.79). In conclusion, we suggest that HC3 (>/=0.6 RLU/PC) may be slightly more sensitive than and equally specific test as HC2 (>/=1.0 RLU/PC) for the detection of CIN3+ over the duration of typical screening intervals...

..Three-dose regimens for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are expensive and difficult to complete, especially in settings where the need for cervical cancer prevention is greatest...

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..Higher methylation in CIN2+ cases was not explained by higher viral load. We conclude that elevated levels of HPV16 DNA methylation may be useful to predict concurrently diagnosed as well as future CIN2+...

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..We examined vaginal pH and the risk of HPV infection, cytological abnormalities, and C. trachomatis infection...

..Our findings point to multiple loci with moderate effects associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer that, taken together, in the future may predict high risk in select individuals...

..We estimate that at least 63 common variants should be considered in future studies designed to investigate the biological basis of the multiple association signals...

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..The development of new approaches to testing for interaction is an example of methodological progress leading to practical advantages...

..A competitive Luminex Immunoassay (cLIA) has been developed to measure neutralizing antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18...

..The impact of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) treatment for cervical precancerous lesions on subsequent acquisition of new human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is not well described...

..Nonetheless, these observations do not support the idea that BRCA1 mutation carriers have a lower ratio of male offspring than BRCA2 mutation carriers...

..The minimal increases in sensitivity and in negative predictive value achieved by adding HPV types to DNA tests must be weighed against the projected burden to thousands of women falsely labeled as being at high risk of cervical cancer...

..3% (95% CI, 74.7-91.4%), respectively. We conclude that pooling specimens and testing by PCR may be useful for discriminating HPV DNA-positive from completely negative specimen sets in women who are likely to have been HPV DNA-negative.>..

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..As a demonstration, we applied the considered tests to a genetic association study of cervical cancer...

..The absolute risk of a subsequent abnormal Pap test for these women is uncertain. Therefore, the proper counseling and clinical management of these women is also uncertain...

..Lung cancer kills more than 1 million people worldwide each year. Whereas several human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers have been identified, the role of HPV in lung carcinogenesis remains controversial...

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..The potential range of HPV genotype attribution is wide at the disease categories <CIN2 to CIN3. Genotyping from cervical lesions and analyzing viral oncogene expression can improve estimates of HPV genotype attribution...

..A study using suboptimal controls can have acceptable type I error when an effective strategy for the correction of PS is employed...

..We investigated HPV16 and 18 seroepidemiology among young, unvaccinated women aged between 18 and 25...

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..In conclusion, hc2 cross-reacts with certain untargeted, noncarcinogenic HPV genotypes that are phylogenetically related to the targeted genotypes, but the degree of cross-reactivity may be less than previously reported...

..We assessed the level and persistence of reduction of ovarian (including peritoneal) cancer risk after gynecologic surgeries for women who carry BRCA1/2 mutations but were not selected from high-risk clinics...

..Tobacco smoking is responsible for over 90% of lung cancer cases, and yet the precise molecular alterations induced by smoking in lung that develop into cancer and impact survival have remained obscure...

..The present study was carried out to verify these associations...

..This formulation extends to the general problem of distortion of joint effects from selection biases or confounding...

..However, these potential risk factors have not been adequately studied in prospective studies...

..The challenge lies in sorting through the information and developing effective strategies to advance molecular diagnostics...

..To estimate the agreement among multiple expert colposcopists evaluating high-resolution digitized cervigrams taken from patients with a variety of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection states and previous cervigram interpretations...

..Viruslike particle human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were designed to prevent HPV infection and development of cervical precancers and cancer. Women with oncogenic HPV infections might consider vaccination as therapy...

..These results present several clear clues and research directions in our ongoing efforts to understand HPV carcinogenesis...

..Nonetheless, the semi-parametric approach appears to be a practical advance...

..Younger age at first birth and greater parity generally reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, but whether this reduced risk holds in women with a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene is unknown...

..In a population-based case-control study of kidney cancer involving an interview and optional biospecimens, we examined whether mentioning the biospecimens in the initial contact letter adversely affects willingness to be interviewed...

..For example, ACR provides a useful comparison of the potential benefits of efforts to prevent breast cancer and to prevent ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation...

..In summary, our case-control study of lung cancer among women in northeast China revealed an elevated risk associated with the CYP1A1 I462V genotype, but no interaction with smoking or indoor air pollution was found...

..2, showed a promising association with PrCa overall (P=2.14x10(-6)), with a suggestion of stronger association with aggressive disease (P=1.2x10(-7))...

..We aimed to test this hypothesis using previously unpublished data from eight European, Canadian, and US case-control studies of the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph)...

..Although pneumonia has been suggested as a risk factor for lung cancer, previous studies have not evaluated the influence of number of pneumonia diagnoses in relation to lung cancer risk...

..An FPRP-based criterion for deciding whether to call a finding noteworthy formalizes the process already used informally by investigators--that is, tempering enthusiasm for remarkable study findings with considerations of plausibility...

..We conclude that the focus group approach can contribute to a broad strategy for improving questionnaires and methods for conducting paediatric cancer epidemiological research...

..CONCLUSION These analyses suggest that the HER2 valine allele might be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, especially in young women and in women with a family history of the disease...