P F Pinsky

..This, along with the realistic preclinical incidence function described above, results in more accurate estimates of sojourn time and lead time and allows for estimation of quantities related to overdiagnosis, which we define here...

..95 (95% CI: 0.74-1.23), respectively. Having utilized ROCA in PLCO would not have led to a significant mortality benefit of screening. However, ROCA could still show a significant effect in other screening trials, including UKCTOCS...

..The authors attempted to estimate the effect of these drugs on prostate cancer mortality to be able to better evaluate the cost-benefit tradeoff...

..The prostate component of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) randomized screening trial demonstrated no mortality effect of screening. Here we analyze prostate cancer specific survival in PLCO and its relation to screening...

..These principles are illustrated with a simulation study motivated by the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial study, a trial of digital versus screen film mammography...

..Here we examine the relationship between prostate volume and PSA level in a large, geographically diverse sample of men undergoing prostate cancer screening...

..Lung cancer rates vary considerably among U.S. racial/ethnic groups. We quantitatively analyzed the extent to which these differences can be attributed to differential patterns of smoking...

..There is little literature either on the prevalence in the general population of various abnormalities seen on CXRs or on the risks associated with these abnormalities...

..To determine patterns of repeat prostate biopsy in a cohort of men undergoing prostate cancer screening who have a negative initial biopsy...

..The authors evaluated the relation between PSAV, biopsy Gleason score, and pathologic stage in men who were enrolled in a prostate cancer screening trial...

..Here, we report the experience of enrolling ethnic minorities in a large cancer screening trial...

..Surveillance colonoscopy is recommended for subjects with a history of adenomas but there is limited information on the yield of surveillance...

..Results from RP show that misclassification rates on biopsy were higher in the placebo arm and that the rate of true high-grade disease may have been lower in the finasteride arm...

..After removal of ACF at baseline, ACF counts 1 year later were only slightly reduced and were significantly correlated with the baseline ACF count. The results of this study do not support a role for ACF in clinical practice...

..In 2 European trials, wide variability across examiners in FSG performance was noted. We report on the performance of examiners in the US randomized trial: the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial...

....

..Standardized incidence ratios for all cancer were 84 in women and 73 in men, with a large range of standardized incidence ratios observed for specific cancers...

..These findings only became apparent using a newly developed assay able to distinguish heterozygous from wild-type individuals. Our data provide evidence that phenotypic differences between these two groups exist...

..g., diet), biochemical, and genetic factors. Early detection studies focus on blood-based biologic markers of early disease. Clinical epidemiology is also an important component of the PLCO trial...

..With such an important result at stake, a transparent analysis was important...

..We investigated the association of circulating vitamin D metabolites and a genetic variant of the VDR gene with advanced colorectal adenoma, a precursor lesion of colorectal cancer...

..7. Liver, bone, stomach, and brain cancer had greater-than-average reported:expected ratios, while lymphoma, bladder cancer, melanoma, and testicular cancer had lower-than-average ratios...

..The necessary frequency of endoscopic colorectal cancer screening after a negative examination is uncertain...

..As an example, we fit the model to data from the Mayo Lung Cancer Screening trial...

..The relationship between distal and proximal colonic findings is uncertain. Thus, there is no consensus on which findings on screening flexible sigmoidoscopy should trigger colonoscopy...

..04; 95% CI, 0.90-1.19). Our study of screening-detected colorectal adenomas shows that red meat and meat cooked at high temperatures are associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma...

..A total of 16 stage III-IV cancers were observed in the LDCT arm versus nine in the CXR arm. The LSS has established the feasibility of a RCT comparing annual spiral CT to chest X-ray for lung cancer screening...

..Followup of positive screens in PLCO is done by subject personal physicians and it is outside of trial control. We describe the pattern of prostate biopsy in men with positive screens in PLCO...

..To examine the yield at colonoscopy when a given size lesion is observed, we assessed the yield of advanced adenoma and cancer at colonoscopy based on the size of the abnormality detected at flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSG)...

..We describe the population enrolled in the PLCO trial, their baseline PSA and DRE screening results, and diagnostic follow-up results during the first year of follow-up...

..Here we report findings from the baseline screening flexible sigmoidoscopy examination...

..A large fraction of screened men have low (less than 2 ng/ml) initial PSA. The yield over time of positive PSA screens (ie more than 4 ng/ml) in these men has not been well characterized in large cohorts in the United States...