Research Topics
| Penelope P HowardsSummaryAffiliation: National Institutes of Health Country: USA Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Disentangling causal paths between obesity and in vitro fertilization outcomes: an intractable problem?Penelope P Howards
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Fertil Steril 89:1604-5. 2008..Disentangling causal paths between obesity and in vitro fertilization outcomes may be an intractable problem, but other research questions of clinical importance can be addressed through appropriate study designs and analytic methods...- Potential confounding by exposure history and prior outcomes: an example from perinatal epidemiologyPenelope P Howards
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Epidemiology 18:544-51. 2007..There is no single answer as to whether reproductive history should be included in the model; the decision depends on the research question and the underlying DAG... - Misclassification of gestational age in the study of spontaneous abortionPenelope P Howards
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
Am J Epidemiol 164:1126-36. 2006..Bias was greatest when the magnitude of error for pregnancies at higher risk was much larger than that for pregnancies at lower risk... - Conditions for bias from differential left truncationPenelope P Howards
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
Am J Epidemiol 165:444-52. 2007..Cox regression can correct for left truncation and is no more difficult to perform than logistic regression... 
Effect of daily fiber intake on reproductive function: the BioCycle StudyAudrey J Gaskins
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 90:1061-9. 2009..The influence of fiber on aspects of reproduction, which include ovulation, has not been well studied in premenopausal women...- Birth weight, postnatal growth, and risk for high blood pressure at 7 years of age: results from the Collaborative Perinatal ProjectAnusha H Hemachandra
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Pediatrics 119:e1264-70. 2007.... - Invited commentary: disinfection by-products and pregnancy loss--lessonsPenelope P Howards
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
Am J Epidemiol 164:1052-5. 2006 - Timing clinic visits to phases of the menstrual cycle by using a fertility monitor: the BioCycle StudyPenelope P Howards
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Am J Epidemiol 169:105-12. 2009..Fertility monitors appear to be useful in timing clinic visits in a compliant population with flexible schedules... - Recruitment for a community-based study of early pregnancy: the Right From The Start studyJoanne H E Promislow
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 18:143-52. 2004..Although intensive, diverse efforts were required, when recruitment efforts were maximised, we successfully recruited over 10% of the estimated number of pregnant women in the community... - Caffeine and miscarriage riskDavid A Savitz
Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
Epidemiology 19:55-62. 2008..Coffee and caffeine have been inconsistently found to be associated with increased risk of clinical miscarriage-a potentially important association given the high prevalence of exposure... 
Invited commentary: the use of imperfect data--compromise or compromising?Penelope P Howards
Epidemiology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Am J Epidemiol 167:641-3; discussion 644-5. 2008..Automated databases are certainly valuable, but they should be used with caution and where possible should be linked to databases that can fill the critical gaps...- Hot tubs and miscarriage--methodological and substantive reasons why the case is weakIrva Hertz-Picciotto
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Am J Epidemiol 158:938-40; discussion 941. 2003