R B Hayes

..These results do not support a relationship between HFE heterozygosity and risk of advanced distal adenoma...

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..S. rubber workers. An epidemiologic investigation in China (NCI/CAPM study) extended quantitative evaluations of cancer risk to a broader range of benzene exposures, particularly at lower levels...

..A new study would include expanded data collection for cases of hematopoietic malignancy and related disorders and for an appropriate control series...

..g., diet), biochemical, and genetic factors. Early detection studies focus on blood-based biologic markers of early disease. Clinical epidemiology is also an important component of the PLCO trial...

..Whole blood cryopreservation is a cost-effective approach to large-scale storage of viable cells in epidemiological studies...

..A reduction of fat from animal sources in the diet could lead to decreased incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer, particularly among American blacks...

..We evaluated whether dietary factors could explain the higher incidence of pancreatic cancer experienced by black Americans compared with white Americans...

..01) and lung cancer (ptrend = 0.01) increased with increasing cumulative exposure to benzene. Investigations continue to relate benzene exposure to specific lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies and other causes of death...

..Overall, the study demonstrated exposure to butadiene in these workers, by a variety of short-term and long-term measures, but did not show specific genotoxic effects, at the chromosomal or gene levels, related to that exposure...

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..Our confidence in the assessment method is supported by the observation of a strong positive trend between benzene poisoning and various measures, especially recent intensity of exposure to benzene...

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..This sharp trend between benzene hematotoxicity and estimated exposure to benzene indicated that the exposure-estimation method used in this cancer epidemiology study is reliable...

..To determine if this occurs in humans, benzene metabolites in urine samples collected as part of a cross sectional study of occupationally exposed workers in Shanghai, China were measured...

..To determine if the risk of cancers of the mouth and pharynx is associated with mouthwash use in Puerto Rico, an area of relatively high risk...

..An increased risk of exposure to pesticides for pancreatic cancer has been suggested in a number of epidemiologic studies...

..In addition, the increasing prevalence of obesity may have contributed to the upward trend in the incidence of multiple myeloma during recent decades...

..Further evaluation of susceptibility for hematotoxicity and hematological malignancy among workers with a history of occupational exposure to benzene is warranted...

..Overall, the study demonstrated exposure to butadiene in these workers, by a variety of short-term and long-term measures, but did not show specific genotoxic effects, at the chromosomal or gene levels, related to that exposure...

..Most studies of meat and colorectal adenoma have investigated prevalent events from a single screening, thus limiting our understanding of the role of meat and meat-related exposures in early colorectal carcinogenesis...

..Detailed data are presented for whites because the size of the population allows for calculating statistically reliable rates; however, similar overall trends are seen for African-Americans and other races...

..Standardized incidence ratios for all cancer were 84 in women and 73 in men, with a large range of standardized incidence ratios observed for specific cancers...

..The relationship between prostate cancer and height is uncertain...

..In conclusion, the results, though not statistically significant, suggest that serum lycopene is inversely related to prostate cancer risk in US Blacks and Whites...

..Rather than trying to define exposure-disease relationships as being characterized by a long or a short latency period, it seems more promising to study the temporal sequence of disease development as a multistep process...

..Biologic assays are now available to evaluate many of these functions at the DNA and phenotype level and can be readily incorporated into studies of cancer etiology...

..These data indicated that the shorter FFQ was not better from the perspective of response rate and data quality, and that clarity and ease of administration may compensate for questionnaire length...

..The present report describes the mortality experience of these workers followed for mortality through 1980...

..A heritable component to oral carcinoma risk also has been suggested, although only limited data are available on familial aggregation of this disease...

..Although most epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use is inversely associated with prostate cancer risk, the magnitude and specificity of this association remain unclear...

..Syphilis, gonorrhoea, sex with prostitutes and unprotected sexual intercourse may be indicators of contact with a sexually transmissible factor that increases the risk of prostate cancer...

..The study findings indicate that tobacco use, and in particular recent tobacco use, is associated with the development of squamous cell sinonasal cancer...

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..590). Although the gene responsible has yet to be identified, the validation of this marker in this large sample of prostate cancer cases leaves little room for the possibility of a false-positive result...

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..This has stimulated extensive laboratory and clinical research, as well as much commercial and public enthusiasm. However, the epidemiologic evidence remains inconclusive...

..We estimate that the population attributable risk of the new locus, marked by rs6983267, is higher than the locus marked by rs1447295 (21% versus 9%)...

..Thus, although genetic variation in CYP19A1 produces measurable differences in estrogen levels among postmenopausal women, the magnitude of the change was insufficient to contribute detectably to breast cancer...

..51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.78, P = 0.002 for PARP1 A284A). This study suggests that polymorphisms in APEX1, XRCC1, and PARP1 may be associated with advanced colorectal adenoma...

..It is possible that high-glycemic-load diets, through their hyperinsulinemic effects, can increase the risk of colorectal cancer...

..Our interest is in the polymorphisms within the NAT1 and NAT2 genes that influence the tobacco-colorectal tumor relationship by impacting on the metabolic activation and detoxification of tobacco smoke-derived carcinogens...

..In an attempt to address this issue, the relationship between selected occupational exposures and head and neck cancer risk was investigated using data from a large cohort of Swedish construction workers...

..The effect of BRCA2 Ex11 +1487 A > G polymorphism was limited to granulocytes. These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in WRN, TP53 and BRCA2 that maintain genomic stability impact benzene-induced hematotoxicity...

..11-7.08). In summary, our large prospective study showed no overall association between the insulin-like growth factor axis and prostate cancer risk, however, IGFmr was related to risk for aggressive prostate cancer in obese men...

..These results suggest that the Ala variant of SOD2 is associated with moderately increased risk of prostate cancer, particularly among men with lower intakes of dietary and supplemental vitamin E...

..Several epidemiologic studies have reported associations between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk of prostate cancer, but the findings are inconsistent and data on clinically relevant advanced prostate cancer are limited...

..The relationship of this variant to sporadic prostate cancer remains uncertain...

..1-4.5) in ever smokers. A joint effect was observed for GSTM1 homozygous deletion and the CYP1A1 m1m2 variant on cancer risk. Our findings suggest that tobacco use and genetic factors play a significant role in oral and pharyngeal cancer...

..We therefore investigated whether genetic variants in selenoenzymes abundantly expressed in the colon are associated with advanced colorectal adenoma, a cancer precursor...

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..Our findings point to multiple loci with moderate effects associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer that, taken together, in the future may predict high risk in select individuals...

..Inflammation has been hypothesized to increase prostate cancer risk. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important mediator of the inflammatory process, but the relationship between TNF variants and prostate cancer remains unclear...

..T:SHBG ratio was related to risk in this older population of men, but the significance of this ratio in steroidal biology is unclear. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

..Furthermore, we found no relationship between calcium intake and circulating vitamin D...

..Research on the association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of colorectal adenoma is inconclusive...

..Our findings do not support the hypothesis that common germ line variation in CYP17 makes a substantial contribution to postmenopausal breast or prostate cancer susceptibility...

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..Estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) may play a role in modulating prostate carcinogenesis through the regulation of genes related to cell proliferation and apoptosis...

..AMACR gene variants have been associated with hereditary prostate cancer, but no studies have evaluated their etiologic role in colorectal carcinogenesis...

..In conclusion, tobacco use, particularly recent use, increases risk for both adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps, but the risks are substantially greater for hyperplastic lesions...

..At least seven common polymorphisms in genes of inflammatory cytokines IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 do not seem to play a role in the risk of prostate cancer...

..Although substantial evidence suggests that smoking is a strong effect modifier for other antioxidative nutrients, little is known about smoking-selenium interactions in colorectal tumors...

..Together, the data derived from the intervention and control arms and material in the biorepository provide a valuable resource to allow identification and testing of novel biomarkers for human disease...

..This population-based case-control study examined the relationship between occupation, living or working on a farm, pesticide exposure, and the risk of multiple myeloma...

..4). In conclusion, cigarette use significantly increased the risk of oral cancer in this population. The GSTM1-present genotype was associated with higher tobacco-associated risk for oral cancer among heavy smokers than the null genotype...

..In this cohort of formaldehyde-industry workers, some evidence was found of an exposure-response relation with mortality from nasopharyngeal cancer (based on small numbers) but not for cancers of the pancreas, brain, lung, or prostate...

..Together, these studies suggest that low levels of occupational BD exposure do not pose a significant risk of genetic damage...

..Our goal was to identify workers with a broad range of benzene exposures, for an epidemiologic study relating exposure to early biologic effects...

..We extended follow-up of a cohort of industrial workers to evaluate the association between formaldehyde exposure and lymphohematopoietic cancers...

..These results suggest that painters in the shipyard were exposed to significant amounts of PAHs and possibly to other genotoxic aromatic compounds, and that urinary 1-OHPG may be a potential biomarker of PAH exposure in this population...

..These results suggest that alcohol concentration is a risk factor for oral cancer independent of the total quantity of alcohol consumed...

..Although dietary fibre has been reported to have no association with colorectal adenoma and cancer, in some studies this topic remains controversial...

..Methods for incorporating markers of DNA methylation status into etiologic investigations of the impact of environmental exposures on disease (e.g., cancer) are discussed...

..Our results suggest that greater height may be associated with better survival of prostate cancer patients...

..S. blacks. Since selenium exposure varies widely throughout the world, further research on optimal concentrations for cancer prevention is justified...

..In order to examine the associations between sinonasal cancer and occupational exposures other than wood dust and leather dust, the data from 12 case-control studies conducted in seven countries were pooled and reanalyzed...

..This example illustrates how reducing genotype misclassification can result in substantial decreases in sample size requirements and possibly substantial decreases in the cost of studies to evaluate interactions...

..Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations...

..However, vitamin E supplementation in male smokers and beta-carotene supplementation in men with low dietary beta-carotene intakes were associated with reduced risk of this disease...

..Evidence for protective associations in subjects with a family history of prostate cancer requires further corroboration...

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..These results suggest that the germline variants in HSD17B1 characterized by these htSNPs do not substantially influence the risk of prostate cancer in U.S. and European whites...

..041) and increased (P = 0.076) CFU-GEMM progenitor cell colony formation in 29 benzene-exposed workers. This is the first report to provide evidence that SNPs in genes that regulate hematopoiesis influence benzene-induced hematotoxicity...

..04; 95% CI, 0.90-1.19). Our study of screening-detected colorectal adenomas shows that red meat and meat cooked at high temperatures are associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma...

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..We evaluated the relationship of insulin, IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) 3, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in subjects with adenomatous polyps, the precursor lesion of colorectal cancer...

..These findings only became apparent using a newly developed assay able to distinguish heterozygous from wild-type individuals. Our data provide evidence that phenotypic differences between these two groups exist...

..Consistent findings from three case-control studies suggest that selected DNA repair enzymes may play a role in head and neck carcinogenesis...

..Study findings suggest the existence of key differences in the metabolism of mono- and diarylamines...

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..We assessed the associations between CASR gene variants and risk for colorectal adenoma, a cancer precursor. We further investigated gene-diet interactions between the CASR variants and calcium intake on adenoma risk...

..Risks for oral cancer are not folate specific; preventive recommendations for this disease should emphasize the importance of a healthy diet, including substantial intake of fruits...