Research Topics
| C GrillonSummaryAffiliation: National Institutes of Health Country: USA Publications
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Publications
In the face of fear: anxiety sensitizes defensive responses to fearful facesChristian Grillon
Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Psychophysiology 48:1745-52. 2011..This suggests that although fearful faces do not prompt behavioral mobilization in an innocuous context, they can do so in an anxiogenic one...
Anxiolytic effects of a novel group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (LY354740) in the fear-potentiated startle paradigm in humansChristian Grillon
NIMH NIH DHHS, Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program, 15K North Drive, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 168:446-54. 2003..LY354740, a structural analogue of glutamate that shows specificity at the mGluR2/3 receptor, has anxiolytic effects in animal models...- Contextual specificity of extinction of delay but not trace eyeblink conditioning in humansChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Learn Mem 15:387-9. 2008..g., a city), tests for renewal took place in the acquisition (A) and extinction context (B), in a counterbalanced order. Results showed renewal of the extinguished conditioned response in the delay but not trace condition... - Increased anxiety during anticipation of unpredictable but not predictable aversive stimuli as a psychophysiologic marker of panic disorderChristian Grillon
NIMH MAP, 15K North Dr, Bldg 15k, Rm 113, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Am J Psychiatry 165:898-904. 2008..The authors tested the hypothesis that elevated anxious reactivity, specifically toward unpredictable aversive events, is a psychophysiological correlate of panic disorder... - Models and mechanisms of anxiety: evidence from startle studiesChristian Grillon
Unit of Affective Psychophysiology, Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 199:421-37. 2008.... - Anxious responses to predictable and unpredictable aversive eventsChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program, National Institute of Mental Health, 15K North Drive, Bldg 15k, Room 113, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Behav Neurosci 118:916-24. 2004..Because predictable and unpredictable danger may induce different types of aversive responses, the proposed design can serve as a useful tool for studying the neurobiology and psychopharmacology of fear and anxiety... - Fear-potentiated startle to threat, and prepulse inhibition among young adult nonsmokers, abstinent smokers, and nonabstinent smokersChristian Grillon
Unit of Affective Psychophysiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychiatry 62:1155-61. 2007..The objective of this study was to examine affective and attentional responses in young adult smokers using fear-potentiated startle and prepulse inhibition... - A single dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram exacerbates anxiety in humans: a fear-potentiated startle studyChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 32:225-31. 2007..These results indicate that a single dose of citalopram is not anxiogenic in itself, but can exacerbate the expression of fear and anxiety... - The benzodiazepine alprazolam dissociates contextual fear from cued fear in humans as assessed by fear-potentiated startleChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychiatry 60:760-6. 2006..The present study tested the hypothesis that alprazolam would reduce the sustained startle potentiation to contextual threats but not the startle potentiation to a threat cue... - Acute stress potentiates anxiety in humansChristian Grillon
Unit of Affective Psychophysiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychiatry 62:1183-6. 2007..Stress is an important factor in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Stress also potentiates anxiety-like response in animals, but empirical evidence for a similar effect in humans is still lacking... - Families at high and low risk for depression: a three-generation startle studyChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychiatry 57:953-60. 2005.... - Effects of the beta-blocker propranolol on cued and contextual fear conditioning in humansChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program, NIMH NIH DHHS National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 175:342-52. 2004..It is possible that fear inhibitory avoidance is more akin to contextual conditioning than to cued fear conditioning, suggesting that context conditioning may be disrupted by beta-adrenergic blockade... - A review of the modulation of the startle reflex by affective states and its application in psychiatryChristian Grillon
National Institute of Mental Health, DHHS, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, 15K North Drive, Bldg 15k, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA
Clin Neurophysiol 114:1557-79. 2003..To provide an overview of startle reflex methodologies applied to the examination of emotional and motivational states in humans and to review the findings in different forms of psychopathology... - Acute hydrocortisone treatment increases anxiety but not fear in healthy volunteers: a fear-potentiated startle studyChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychiatry 69:549-55. 2011..The current study examines these effects, as instantiated with short- and long-duration threats... - Increased anxiety during anticipation of unpredictable aversive stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder but not in generalized anxiety disorderChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychiatry 66:47-53. 2009..This study tested the hypothesis that elevated anxious reactivity, specifically for unpredictable aversive events, is a psychophysiological correlate of PTSD... - Conditioned inhibition of fear-potentiated startle and skin conductance in humansC Grillon
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
Psychophysiology 38:807-15. 2001..During the summation test, the inhibitory properties of X did not transfer to B. In the high anxious group, there was only a differential SCR to A and A(XA). X did not inhibit startle potentiation to A... - Cortisol and DHEA-S are associated with startle potentiation during aversive conditioning in humansChristian Grillon
NIMH NIH DHHS, Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program, 15K North Drive, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 186:434-41. 2006.... - Two-week treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram reduces contextual anxiety but not cued fear in healthy volunteers: a fear-potentiated startle studyChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 34:964-71. 2009..They suggest that citalopram alleviates symptoms of anticipatory anxiety, not fear, by acting on mechanisms underlying long-duration aversive states... - D-cycloserine facilitation of fear extinction and exposure-based therapy might rely on lower-level, automatic mechanismsChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychiatry 66:636-41. 2009..g., snakes), short conditional stimulus-unconditioned stimulus intervals and intense unconditioned stimulus to promote lower-order conditioning processes... - Greater sustained anxiety but not phasic fear in women compared to menChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
Emotion 8:410-3. 2008..Animal studies suggest that such an effect may be mediated by the effects of sexual dimorphism in limbic structures, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. However, psychosocial factors may also contribute to this effect... - Emotional arousal does not affect delay eyeblink conditioningChristian Grillon
DHHS, NIH, NIMH Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program, National Institute of Mental Health, 15K North Drive, Bldg 15k, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 17:400-5. 2003..It is argued that changes in CR during arousal could be due to differences in unconditioned eyeblink strength rather than to changes in associative processes... - Increased anterior cingulate cortical activity in response to fearful faces: a neurophysiological biomarker that predicts rapid antidepressant response to ketamineGiacomo Salvadore
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Biol Psychiatry 65:289-95. 2009..We also investigated patterns of ACC activity to rapid presentation of fearful faces compared with the normal habituation observed in healthy subjects... - Depressed mood enhances anxiety to unpredictable threatO J Robinson
Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
Psychol Med 42:1397-407. 2012..We predicted that sad mood would increase anxious anxiety-potentiated startle responses... - Effects of threat of shock, shock electrode placement and darkness on startleC Grillon
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Int J Psychophysiol 28:223-31. 1998..It is suggested that affective responses to contextual stimuli should be considered when investigating both normal and pathological fear... - Fear conditioning in virtual reality contexts: a new tool for the study of anxietyJohanna M Baas
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Biol Psychiatry 55:1056-60. 2004..CONCLUSIONS: These results support the future use of virtual reality to design new conditioning experiments to study both fear and anxiety... - Associative learning deficits increase symptoms of anxiety in humansChristian Grillon
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Biol Psychiatry 51:851-8. 2002..These findings are consistent with theories that associate anxiety and mood disorders with perceived unpredictability. Contextual conditioning models may be relevant to study chronic forms of anxiety... - Startle reactivity and anxiety disorders: aversive conditioning, context, and neurobiologyChristian Grillon
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Biol Psychiatry 52:958-75. 2002..Lacking a cue for threat, the organism cannot identify periods of danger and safety and remains in a chronic state of anxiety. Factors that may affect conditioning are discussed... - Startle potentiation by threat of aversive stimuli and darkness in adolescents: a multi-site studyC Grillon
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Int J Psychophysiol 32:63-73. 1999..These results suggest that both the threat of an airblast and darkness can reliably be used to examine startle potentiation in young subjects... - Luteal-phase accentuation of acoustic startle response in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorderCynthia Neill Epperson
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 32:2190-8. 2007..Physiologic response to affective stimuli appears to be intact in women with PMDD across the menstrual cycle... - Contextual fear-potentiated startle conditioning in humans: replication and extensionR Ameli
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
Psychophysiology 38:383-90. 2001..These results indicate that unpredictable shocks lead to greater context conditioning as measured by startle and self-reports... - Regulation of arousal and attention in preschool children exposed to cocaine prenatallyL C Mayes
Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 846:126-43. 1998.... - Effect of darkness on acoustic startle in Vietnam veterans with PTSDC Grillon
Connecticut VA Medical Center, New Haven, USA
Am J Psychiatry 155:812-7. 1998..Prepulse inhibition was also investigated... - Early androgen exposure modulates spatial cognition in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)S C Mueller
MAP, NIMH, NIH, 15K North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
Psychoneuroendocrinology 33:973-80. 2008..Such finding suggests a pivotal role of hormonal function on brain development in humans, mirroring results from the animal literature... - Contextual fear conditioning in humans: cortical-hippocampal and amygdala contributionsRuben P Alvarez
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
J Neurosci 28:6211-9. 2008..These results provide evidence that similar brain mechanisms may underlie contextual fear conditioning across species... - Human hippocampal and parahippocampal theta during goal-directed spatial navigation predicts performance on a virtual Morris water mazeBrian R Cornwell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
J Neurosci 28:5983-90. 2008.... - A neuroimaging method for the study of threat in adolescentsChristopher S Monk
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Dev Psychobiol 43:359-66. 2003..Those who reported increased fear showed right amygdala activation during the threat condition and left amygdala activation in the safe condition. These procedures offer a promising tool for studying youth with anxiety disorders... - Generalization of conditioned fear-potentiated startle in humans: experimental validation and clinical relevanceShmuel Lissek
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 15K North Drive, Rm 200, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Behav Res Ther 46:678-87. 2008..The current paradigm represents an updated and efficacious tool with which to study fear generalization--a central, yet understudied conditioning-correlate of pathologic anxiety... - Adaptive and maladaptive psychobiological responses to severe psychological stress: implications for the discovery of novel pharmacotherapyOmer Bonne
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, 15K North Drive, Rm 200, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Neurosci Biobehav Rev 28:65-94. 2004..The implications of this model for the discovery of novel pharmacological approaches to the treatment of severe psychological distress are discussed... - Fear conditioning in adolescents with anxiety disorders: results from a novel experimental paradigmJennifer Y F Lau
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 47:94-102. 2008..Adult data suggest that anxiety disorders involve elevated fear but intact differential conditioning. We used a novel paradigm to assess fear conditioning in pediatric anxiety patients... - Anterior cingulate desynchronization and functional connectivity with the amygdala during a working memory task predict rapid antidepressant response to ketamineGiacomo Salvadore
Experimental Therapeutics, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 35:1415-22. 2010..73, p=0.0021, FDR <0.05).These data implicate the pgACC and its putative interaction with the amygdala in predicting antidepressant response to ketamine in a working memory task context... - Benzodiazepines have no effect on fear-potentiated startle in humansJohanna M P Baas
Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program, NIMH, NIH, 15k North Drive MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 161:233-47. 2002..Pre-clinical and clinical investigations have provided a great deal of evidence that the fear-potentiated startle paradigm represents a valid model for the objective assessment of emotional states of anxiety and fear... - Phasic vs sustained fear in rats and humans: role of the extended amygdala in fear vs anxietyMichael Davis
Department of Psychiatry, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, and The Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 35:105-35. 2010..In rats, sustained fear is more sensitive to anxiolytic drugs. In humans, symptoms of clinical anxiety are better detected in sustained rather than phasic fear paradigms... - Impaired spatial navigation in pediatric anxietySven C Mueller
MAP, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 50:1227-34. 2009..Deficits in spatial navigation in anxious children suggest that the hippocampal network involved in spatial orientation is also implicated in anxiety disorders... - Contextual-specificity of short-delay extinction in humans: renewal of fear-potentiated startle in a virtual environmentRuben P Alvarez
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Learn Mem 14:247-53. 2007..Hence, they do not provide evidence that extinction can lead to erasure of a fear memory established via Pavlovian conditioning... - Working memory performance after acute exposure to the cold pressor stress in healthy volunteersRoman Duncko
Section on Developmental Genetic Epidemiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 3720, USA
Neurobiol Learn Mem 91:377-81. 2009..The observed behavioral pattern might represent a form of streamlined information processing advantageous in a threatening situation... - Abnormal hippocampal functioning and impaired spatial navigation in depressed individuals: evidence from whole-head magnetoencephalographyBrian R Cornwell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, NIMH, 15K North Dr, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Am J Psychiatry 167:836-44. 2010..The authors aimed to link spatial navigation deficits previously documented in depressed patients to abnormal hippocampal functioning using a virtual reality navigation task... - Impaired discriminative fear-conditioning resulting from elevated fear responding to learned safety cues among individuals with panic disorderShmuel Lissek
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, MD 20892 2670, USA
Behav Res Ther 47:111-8. 2009..Such results link PD to impaired discrimination learning, reflecting elevated fear responding to learned safety cues... - Evoked amygdala responses to negative faces revealed by adaptive MEG beamformersBrian R Cornwell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15 North Drive, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Brain Res 1244:103-12. 2008..This demonstration should encourage the use of MEG for elucidating functional networks mediating fear-related neural phenomena that likely unfold rapidly in time across cortical and subcortical structures... - Development of anxiety: the role of threat appraisal and fear learningJennifer C Britton
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Depress Anxiety 28:5-17. 2011..This novel paradigm can be used to investigate key questions relevant to prognosis and treatment. Depression and Anxiety, 2011.© 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc... - Modality-specific attention under imminent but not remote threat of shock: evidence from differential prepulse inhibition of startleBrian R Cornwell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Psychol Sci 19:615-22. 2008..This finding supports the notion that imminent threat, but not remote threat, elicits attention focused toward the relevant modality, potentially reflecting preparatory activity to minimize the impact of the noxious stimulus... - Elevated fear conditioning to socially relevant unconditioned stimuli in social anxiety disorderShmuel Lissek
NIMH, NIH, 15K North Dr, Rm 200, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Am J Psychiatry 165:124-32. 2008..This study represents the first effort to assess the conditioning correlates of social anxiety disorder within an ecologically enhanced paradigm... - Attentional blink and prepulse inhibition of startle are positively correlatedBrian R Cornwell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Psychophysiology 43:504-10. 2006..Whereas prepulse inhibition may reveal the strength of inhibition to protect stimulus processing, attentional blink may index the rate of recovery from similar inhibitory processes... - Context conditioning and behavioral avoidance in a virtual reality environment: effect of predictabilityChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychiatry 60:752-9. 2006..This study examined context conditioning to predictable and unpredictable shocks in humans using behavioral avoidance, potentiated startle, and subjective reports of anxiety... - Using affect-modulated startle to study phenotypes of pediatric bipolar disorderBrendan A Rich
Pediatrics and Developmental Neuropsychiatry Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Bipolar Disord 7:536-45. 2005..The current study used affect-modulated startle to examine potential differences in reactivity to emotional stimuli (reward and punishment) in narrow and broad phenotype PBD and controls... - Overgeneralization of conditioned fear as a pathogenic marker of panic disorderShmuel Lissek
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
Am J Psychiatry 167:47-55. 2010..The authors conducted a laboratory-based assessment of this potential correlate of panic disorder by testing the degree to which panic patients and healthy subjects manifest generalization of conditioned fear... - An investigation of prepulse inhibition in pediatric bipolar disorderBrendan A Rich
Pediatrics and Developmental Neuropsychiatry Branch, Unit on Affective Psychophysiology, Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1255, USA
Bipolar Disord 7:198-203. 2005..Sensorimotor gating deficits may contribute to the emotional and behavioral dysregulation characteristic of pediatric BPD. The current study investigated possible PPI deficits in children with BPD... - The strong situation: a potential impediment to studying the psychobiology and pharmacology of anxiety disordersShmuel Lissek
DHHS, NIH, National Institute of Mental Health, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychol 72:265-70. 2006.... - Anticipation of public speaking in virtual reality reveals a relationship between trait social anxiety and startle reactivityBrian R Cornwell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20895, USA
Biol Psychiatry 59:664-6. 2006..Startle reflex modification has become valuable to the study of fear and anxiety, but few studies have explored startle reactivity in socially threatening situations... - Hydrocortisone impairs hippocampal-dependent trace eyeblink conditioning in post-traumatic stress disorderMeena Vythilingam
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 31:182-8. 2006..Patients with PTSD had increased glucocorticoid sensitivity in the focal brain regions mediating trace eyeblink conditioning... - Classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analysisShmuel Lissek
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, 15K North Drive, Bldg 15k, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Behav Res Ther 43:1391-424. 2005.... - Reduction of trace but not delay eyeblink conditioning in panic disorderChristian Grillon
NIMH Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, 15K North Dr, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Am J Psychiatry 164:283-9. 2007..The present study examined trace eyeblink conditioning in order to test the hypothesis that individuals with panic disorder are impaired in associative learning tasks that depend on declarative memory... - Deficits in hippocampus-mediated Pavlovian conditioning in endogenous hypercortisolismChristian Grillon
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychiatry 56:837-43. 2004..The aim of this study was to examine the performance of Cushing's syndrome patients on trace eyeblink conditioning, a cross-species, hippocampal-mediated test of learning and memory... - Sensation seeking and the aversive motivational systemShmuel Lissek
National Institute of Mental Health, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Emotion 5:396-407. 2005..Findings implicate enhanced apprehensive anticipation among those low on SS as a potential deterrent for their participation in intense and threatening stimulus events... - Airpuff startle probes: an efficacious and less aversive alternative to white-noiseShmuel Lissek
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health NIH, DHHS, 15K North Drive, Bldg 15k, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychol 68:283-97. 2005..Such results support the use of low intensity airpuffs as efficacious and relatively non-aversive startle probes... - Sensitivity to masked conditioned stimuli predicts conditioned response magnitude under masked conditionsBrian R Cornwell
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Psychophysiology 44:403-6. 2007..Without consensus on how awareness should be defined, these findings bring balance to previous studies that have typically used less sensitive assessments of awareness... - Acute exposure to stress improves performance in trace eyeblink conditioning and spatial learning tasks in healthy menRoman Duncko
Section on Developmental Genetic Epidemiology, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Learn Mem 14:329-35. 2007..Our results directly extend findings from animal studies and suggest potential physiological mechanisms underlying stress and learning... - Emotion regulation and potentiated startle across affective picture and threat-of-shock paradigmsShmuel Lissek
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, 15K North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Biol Psychol 76:124-33. 2007.... - Neural responses to auditory stimulus deviance under threat of electric shock revealed by spatially-filtered magnetoencephalographyBrian R Cornwell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, 15K North Drive, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Neuroimage 37:282-9. 2007.... - Brainstem correlates of defensive states in humansJohanna M P Baas
National Institute of Mental Health, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Biol Psychiatry 59:588-93. 2006..The present study investigated this possibility by testing BAEP during experimentally induced anxiety in healthy volunteers... - Families at high and low risk for depression: a 3-generation studyMyrna M Weissman
Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:29-36. 2005..The first 2 generations were interviewed 4 times during this period. The offspring from the second generation are now adults and have children of their own, the third generation of the original cohort... - Startle reactivity in children at risk for migraineRoman Duncko
Developmental Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH Bldg 35, Room 1A 110, 35 Convent Dr, MSC 3720, Bethesda, MD 20892 3720, USA
Clin Neurophysiol 119:2733-7. 2008..This study investigated psychophysiological responses to aversive acoustic stimuli in children at risk for migraine... - Electroencephalographic measures of regional hemispheric activity in offspring at risk for depressive disordersGerard E Bruder
Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
Biol Psychiatry 57:328-35. 2005..In a longitudinal high-risk study, resting EEG was measured in primarily adult offspring of depressed or nondepressed probands... - Cerebral blood flow in immediate and sustained anxietyGregor Hasler
Psychiatric University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
J Neurosci 27:6313-9. 2007..This study showed distinct neuronal networks involved in cued fear and contextual anxiety underlying the importance of this distinction for studies on the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders... - Comments on Fearful and sexual pictures not consciously seen modulate the startle reflex in human beingsChristian Grillon
Biol Psychiatry 62:541; author reply 541-2. 2007 - Startle potentiation in rapidly alternating conditions of high and low predictability of threatNisan Mol
Department of Psychonomics, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Biol Psychol 76:43-51. 2007.... - Positron emission tomographic imaging of neural correlates of a fear acquisition and extinction paradigm in women with childhood sexual-abuse-related post-traumatic stress disorderJ Douglas Bremner
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA
Psychol Med 35:791-806. 2005..No studies have examined neural correlates of fear conditioning and extinction in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)...