Research Topics
| R N GermainSummaryAffiliation: National Institutes of Health Country: USA Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Maintaining system homeostasis: the third law of Newtonian immunologyRonald N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Nat Immunol 13:902-6. 2012....- A decade of imaging cellular motility and interaction dynamics in the immune systemRonald N Germain
Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Science 336:1676-81. 2012..Here, we review themes emerging from such studies and speculate on the future of immunoimaging... 
T-cell activation: the power of oneRonald N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, Rm 11N311, 10 Center Drive MSC 1892, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Curr Biol 13:R137-9. 2003..On the basis of this and other recent findings, a 'pseudodimer' with one foreign- and one self-antigen-engaged receptor linked via a CD4 molecule has been proposed as the fundamental unit of effective T-cell signaling...- The art of the probable: system control in the adaptive immune systemR N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Science 293:240-5. 2001.... - Special regulatory T-cell review: A rose by any other name: from suppressor T cells to Tregs, approbation to unbridled enthusiasmRonald N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Immunology 123:20-7. 2008.... - T-cell development and the CD4-CD8 lineage decisionRonald N Germain
Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 1892, USA
Nat Rev Immunol 2:309-22. 2002..Aspects of both models now appear to be correct; mistake-prone instruction of lineage choice precedes a subsequent selection step that filters out most incorrect decisions... - An extended vision for dynamic high-resolution intravital immune imagingRonald N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bldg 10 Rm 11N311, 10 Center Dr MSC 1892 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Semin Immunol 17:431-41. 2005..The end result will be a new level of understanding of how orchestrated cell movement and interaction contribute to the physiological and pathological activities of the immune system... 
Making friends in out-of-the-way places: how cells of the immune system get together and how they conduct their business as revealed by intravital imagingRonald N Germain
Laboratory of Immunology, Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Immunol Rev 221:163-81. 2008..We also describe how the methods we have developed for imaging within lymphoid sites are being applied to other tissues and organs, revealing dynamic details of host-pathogen interactions previously inaccessible to direct observation...- An innately interesting decade of research in immunologyRonald N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Nat Med 10:1307-20. 2004..But biological systems are just that-systems-and the parts need to work together. And so we arrive, a century later, at an appreciation for just how intimately related these two seemingly disparate aspects of host defense really are... - Ligand-dependent regulation of T cell development and activationRonald N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Immunol Res 27:277-86. 2003.... - Computational analysis of T cell receptor signaling and ligand discrimination--past, present, and futureRonald N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, Trans NIH Center for Human Immunology CHI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
FEBS Lett 584:4814-22. 2010..We end by pointing to future, more biologically accurate models that incorporate spatial aspects of molecular organization in antigen-engaged T lymphocytes with this underlying biochemistry... - Vaccines and the future of human immunologyRonald N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section and Program in Systems Immunology and Infectious Disease Modeling, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Immunity 33:441-50. 2010.... - Systems biology in immunology: a computational modeling perspectiveRonald N Germain
Program in Systems Immunology and Infectious Disease Modeling, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Annu Rev Immunol 29:527-85. 2011.... - Dynamic imaging of the immune system: progress, pitfalls and promiseRonald N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Nat Rev Immunol 6:497-507. 2006..In this article, we review the basic techniques and the tools used for in situ imaging, as well as the limitations and potential artefacts of these methods... - TCR signaling for initiation and completion of thymocyte positive selection has distinct requirements for ligand quality and presenting cell typeK Yasutomo
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Immunol 165:3015-22. 2000.... - The dynamics of T cell receptor signaling: complex orchestration and the key roles of tempo and cooperationR N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Annu Rev Immunol 17:467-522. 1999..The principles of signal spreading and stochastic resonance incorporated into this model reveal a striking similarity in mechanisms of decision-making among T cells, neurons, and bacteria... - Development of mature CD8+ thymocytes: selection rather than instruction?J P van Meerwijk
Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
Science 261:911-5. 1993.... 
Modeling T cell antigen discrimination based on feedback control of digital ERK responsesGregoire Altan-Bonnet
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
PLoS Biol 3:e356. 2005..The organization of the signaling network that we model here may be a prototypic solution to the problem of achieving ligand selectivity, low noise, and high sensitivity in biological responses...- In vivo microbial stimulation induces rapid CD40 ligand-independent production of interleukin 12 by dendritic cells and their redistribution to T cell areasC Reis e Sousa
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 1892, USA
J Exp Med 186:1819-29. 1997..This model avoids the need to invoke a three-cell interaction for Th1 differentiation and points to the DC as both a sentinel for innate recognition and the dictator of class selection in the subsequent adaptive response... - Comparison of thymocyte development in normal and invariant chain-deficient mice provides evidence that maturation-related changes in TCR and co-receptor levels play a critical role in cell fateL Y Huang
Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Int Immunol 8:1429-40. 1996.... - Dynamic imaging of T cell-dendritic cell interactions in lymph nodesSabine Stoll
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Science 296:1873-6. 2002..This high-resolution spatiotemporal analysis provides insight into the nature of cell interactions critical to early immune responses within lymphoid structures... - The in situ dynamics of dendritic cell interactionsWolfgang Kastenmuller
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Eur J Immunol 40:2103-6. 2010..In this Viewpoint, we discuss the insights generated by direct visualization of DC-T-cell interactions and the controversies/unanswered questions that need to be addressed in future work... - Peptide and beta 2-microglobulin regulation of cell surface MHC class I conformation and expressionG R Otten
Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
J Immunol 148:3723-32. 1992..The study of H chain-peptide-beta 2m interaction on the cell surface may be relevant to understanding intracellular peptide loading events... - Exclusion of CD43 from the immunological synapse is mediated by phosphorylation-regulated relocation of the cytoskeletal adaptor moesinJ Delon
Laboratory of Immunology, Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Immunity 15:691-701. 2001.... - Binding domain regulation of MHC class II molecule assembly, trafficking, fate, and functionR N Germain
Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Semin Immunol 7:361-72. 1995.... - Imaging of T-cell interactions with antigen presenting cells in culture and in intact lymphoid tissueJerome Delon
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Immunol Rev 189:51-63. 2002.... - Key role of local regulation in chemosensing revealed by a new molecular interaction-based modeling methodMartin Meier-Schellersheim
Lymphocyte Biology Section and Program in Systems Immunology and Infectious Disease Modeling, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
PLoS Comput Biol 2:e82. 2006..These features of Simmune were critical to the model development and analysis presented here and are likely to be useful in the computational investigation of many aspects of cell biology... - T cell heterogeneity: firmly fixed, predominantly plastic or merely malleable?JOHN J O'SHEA
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852 1820, USA
Nat Immunol 9:450-3. 2008 - Computational reconstruction of cell and tissue surfaces for modeling and data analysisFrederick Klauschen
Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Nat Protoc 4:1006-12. 2009..Processing time is of the order of minutes depending on data features and reconstruction parameters... - Life and death as a T lymphocyte: from immune protection to HIV pathogenesisNienke Vrisekoop
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Biol 8:91. 2009..In a paper just published in Journal of Biology, Marques et al. suggest that a mouse model with its activated CD4(+) T cells are deleted has relevance for HIV infection... - Illuminating the landscape of in vivo immunity: insights from dynamic in situ imaging of secondary lymphoid tissuesAlex Y C Huang
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Immunity 21:331-9. 2004..We highlight controversies, point out key unanswered questions, and briefly outline what we believe are some of the near-term directions that in situ microscopic analysis of the immune system will take... - In vivo antigen presentationRonald N Germain
Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1892, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Curr Opin Immunol 16:120-5. 2004.... - Quantifying cellular interaction dynamics in 3D fluorescence microscopy dataFrederick Klauschen
Program in Systems Immunology and Infectious Disease Modeling, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
Nat Protoc 4:1305-11. 2009.... - Self-recognition promotes the foreign antigen sensitivity of naive T lymphocytesIrena Stefanova
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Nature 420:429-34. 2002.... - Extrafollicular activation of lymph node B cells by antigen-bearing dendritic cellsHai Qi
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, National Institutes of Health (NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Science 312:1672-6. 2006..These findings suggest a possible role for antigen-specific B-DC interactions in promoting T cell-dependent antibody responses in vivo... - The transmembrane segment of invariant chain mediates binding to MHC class II molecules in a CLIP-independent mannerF Castellino
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
Eur J Immunol 31:841-50. 2001.... - Chemokine-guided CD4+ T cell help enhances generation of IL-6RalphahighIL-7Ralpha high prememory CD8+ T cellsFlora Castellino
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Immunol 178:778-87. 2007..They also reveal that elevated IL-6Ralpha expression by a subset of CD8(+) T cells represents an early imprint of CD4(+) T cell helper function that actively contributes to the survival of activated CD8(+) T cells... - Chemokines enhance immunity by guiding naive CD8+ T cells to sites of CD4+ T cell-dendritic cell interactionFlora Castellino
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Nature 440:890-5. 2006.... - Cooperation between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells: when, where, and howFlora Castellino
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Annu Rev Immunol 24:519-40. 2006..We propose a model based on these new findings that may serve as a general paradigm for cellular interactions that occur in an inflamed lymph node during the initiation of immune responses... - MHC-dependent survival of naïve T cells? A complicated answer to a simple questionJeffrey R Dorfman
Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bldg 10 Rm 11N311, 10 Center Dr MSC 1892, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Microbes Infect 4:547-54. 2002..Overall, our analysis of the available data suggests that most or all mature CD4(+) (and perhaps also many CD8(+)) T lymphocytes do not depend on self-recognition for their viability in the periphery... - Optimal germinal center responses require a multistage T cell:B cell adhesion process involving integrins, SLAM-associated protein, and CD84Jennifer L Cannons
National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Immunity 32:253-65. 2010..Our results reveal insight into the dynamic regulation of T cell:B cell interactions and identify SLAM family members as critical components of sustained T cell:B cell adhesion required for productive humoral immunity... - On the role of self-recognition in T cell responses to foreign antigenIrena Stefanova
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
Immunol Rev 191:97-106. 2003.... - In vivo imaging reveals an essential role for neutrophils in leishmaniasis transmitted by sand fliesNathan C Peters
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Science 321:970-4. 2008..Thus, L.m. appears to have evolved to both evade and exploit the innate host response to sand fly bite in order to establish and promote disease... - SAP-controlled T-B cell interactions underlie germinal centre formationHai Qi
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Nature 455:764-9. 2008..These results offer an explanation for the germinal centre defect due to SAP deficiency and provide new insights into the bi-directional communication between cognate T and B cells in vivo... - Sphingosine-1-phosphate mobilizes osteoclast precursors and regulates bone homeostasisMasaru Ishii
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 1892, USA
Nature 458:524-8. 2009.... - Seeing is believing: a focus on the contribution of microscopic imaging to our understanding of immune system functionMarc Bajenoff
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Eur J Immunol 37:S18-33. 2007..We conclude with some speculations about the opportunities for further advances using ever more powerful imaging methods... - Self-recognition and the regulation of CD4+ T cell survivalRonald N Germain
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
Adv Exp Med Biol 512:97-105. 2002.... - TCR ligand discrimination is enforced by competing ERK positive and SHP-1 negative feedback pathwaysIrena Stefanova
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, MSC 1892, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 1892, USA
Nat Immunol 4:248-54. 2003..The characteristics of these pathways suggest that they constitute an important part of the mechanism allowing T cells to discriminate between self and foreign ligands... - Evidence for lineage commitment and initiation of positive selection by thymocytes with intermediate surface phenotypesJ P van Meerwijk
Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Immunol 154:6314-23. 1995.... - The CLIP region of invariant chain plays a critical role in regulating major histocompatibility complex class II folding, transport, and peptide occupancyP Romagnoli
Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
J Exp Med 180:1107-13. 1994.... - A single amino acid interchange yields reciprocal CTL specificities for HIV-1 gp160H Takahashi
Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
Science 246:118-21. 1989..These data indicate the importance of single residues in defining peptide epitopic specificity and have implications for both the effect of immune pressure on selection of viral mutants and the design of effective vaccines... - Constitutive presentation of a natural tissue autoantigen exclusively by dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodeClemens Scheinecker
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, National Institutes of Health (NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Exp Med 196:1079-90. 2002.... - Dynamic imaging of dendritic cell extension into the small bowel lumen in response to epithelial cell TLR engagementMarcello Chieppa
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIAID, National Institutes of Health NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Exp Med 203:2841-52. 2006..Collectively, these findings support a model in which epithelial cell TLR signaling upon exposure to microbial stimuli induces active DC sampling of the gut lumen at sites distant from organized lymphoid tissues... - Stromal cell networks regulate lymphocyte entry, migration, and territoriality in lymph nodesMarc Bajenoff
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Immunity 25:989-1001. 2006..These results highlight the central role of stromal microanatomy in orchestrating cell migration within the LN... - Serum angiotensin-1 converting enzyme activity processes a human immunodeficiency virus 1 gp160 peptide for presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I moleculesS Kozlowski
Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
J Exp Med 175:1417-22. 1992..The ability of naturally occurring extracellular proteases to convert inactive peptides to T cell antigens has important implications for understanding cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in vivo, and for rational peptide vaccine design... - Macrophage and T cell dynamics during the development and disintegration of mycobacterial granulomasJackson G Egen
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Immunity 28:271-84. 2008..By characterizing the migration of both innate and adaptive immune cells throughout the process of granuloma development, these studies provide a new perspective on the cellular events involved in mycobacterial containment and escape... - Distinct contributions of different CD40 TRAF binding sites to CD154-induced dendritic cell maturation and IL-12 secretionMatthew F Mackey
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1892, Bethesda, MD 20892 1892, USA
Eur J Immunol 33:779-89. 2003.... - Highways, byways and breadcrumbs: directing lymphocyte traffic in the lymph nodeMarc Bajenoff
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Trends Immunol 28:346-52. 2007.... - Fibroblastic reticular cells guide T lymphocyte entry into and migration within the splenic T cell zoneMarc Bajenoff
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Immunol 181:3947-54. 2008..These data reveal that FRCs form a substrate for T cells in the spleen, guiding these lymphocytes from their site of entry in the MZ into the PALS, within which they continue to move on the same network... - Natural killer cell behavior in lymph nodes revealed by static and real-time imagingMarc Bajenoff
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis, E03 44, 06560 Valbonne, France
J Exp Med 203:619-31. 2006..Therefore, NK cells form a reactive but low mobile network in a strategic area of the LN where they can receive inflammatory signals, interact with DCs, and regulate colocalized T cell responses... - Quantitative challenges in understanding ligand discrimination by alphabeta T cellsOfer Feinerman
ImmunoDynamics Group, Program in Computational Biology and Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Mol Immunol 45:619-31. 2008 - Variability and robustness in T cell activation from regulated heterogeneity in protein levelsOfer Feinerman
ImmunoDynamics Group, Program in Computational Biology and Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 460, New York, NY 10065, USA
Science 321:1081-4. 2008..These findings reveal how eukaryotic cells can draw on regulated variation in gene expression to achieve phenotypic variability in a controlled manner... - ERM proteins regulate cytoskeleton relaxation promoting T cell-APC conjugationSophie Faure
Institut Cochin, Departement de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U567 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Universite Rene Descartes, 22 rue Mechain, 75014 Paris, France
Nat Immunol 5:272-9. 2004..These findings identify an antigen-dependent molecular pathway that favors immunological synapse formation and the subsequent development of an effective immune response... - Obituary: Charles A. Janeway Jr (1943-2003)William E Paul
Nature 423:237. 2003 - Imaging dynamic interactions in immune responsesRonald N Germain
Semin Immunol 17:385-6. 2005 - L-selectin-negative CCR7- effector and memory CD8+ T cells enter reactive lymph nodes and kill dendritic cellsGreta Guarda
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
Nat Immunol 8:743-52. 2007..The inducible recruitment of blood-borne effector and memory T cells to lymph nodes may represent a mechanism for terminating primary and limiting secondary immune responses... - A plaidoyer for 'systems immunology'Christophe Benoist
Section on Immunology and Immunogenetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Immunol Rev 210:229-34. 2006..We propose that distinct standards are needed for validation, evaluation, and visualization of global analyses, such that in-depth descriptions of cellular responses may complement the gene/factor-centric approaches currently in favor...