C S Fox

..Prior research yielded conflicting results about the magnitude of the association between body mass index (BMI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD)...

..CONCLUSIONS: MA was associated with metabolic risk factors, but most of these associations were lost after adjustment for BMI or VAT. However, a unique association remained for metabolic syndrome in women and lipids in men...

..We sought to characterize associations between aminotransferase levels and cardiometabolic risk after accounting for visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance...

..Parity and menopausal age were not associated with adiposity measures. Although postmenopausal women had increased BMI, VAT, and SAT, the association was predominantly due to age...

..rs10198628 near TRIB2 is associated with pericardial fat but not measures of generalized or visceral adiposity, reinforcing the concept that there are unique genetic underpinnings to ectopic fat distribution...

..More refined phenotypes for body composition and fat distribution can detect new loci not previously uncovered in large-scale GWAS of anthropometric traits...

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..We sought to develop a protocol to quantify renal sinus fat accumulation using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT)...

..This study within persons with known coronary artery disease (CAD) evaluated whether uromodulin concentrations could distinguish CKD risk...

..The association of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with CKD across the adult lifespan is not well established...

..73 m2) than their counterparts of European-descent. Inflammation has been related to renal disease in non-Hispanic whites, but there are limited data on the role of inflammation in renal dysfunction in African Americans in the community...

..Ectopic fat accumulation in the renal sinus is associated with chronic kidney disease and hypertension. The genetic contributions to renal sinus fat accumulation in humans have not been well characterized...

..We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SCA measurements in the community-based Framingham Heart Study...

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..Prior investigations have reported several single gene variants associated with CHD, stroke, HF, and AF. We report a community-based genome-wide association study of major CVD outcomes...

..Many endocrine conditions have strong familial components. We tested for association between the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set and measures of kidney function and endocrine traits...

..The study of 70,987 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1,010 FHS participants provides a list of SNPs showing the strongest associations with renal traits which need to be verified in independent study samples...

..Susceptibility to type 2 diabetes may be conferred by genetic variants having modest effects on risk. Genome-wide fixed marker arrays offer a novel approach to detect these variants...

..We also apply the three-stage approach to the GWA analyses of uric acid in Framingham Heart Study's SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) project...

..Whether the associations of pericardial fat and measures of cardiac structure and function are independent of the systemic effects of obesity and visceral adiposity has not been fully explored...

..However, these cross-sectional associations are attenuated by cardiovascular disease risk factors, possibly because they mediate the association between adiposity measures and subclinical cardiovascular disease...

..Our goal was to characterize the association between CKD severity and short-term outcomes and the use of in-hospital evidence-based therapies among patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI)...

..The incremental utility of measuring both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) in association with metabolic risk factors and underlying heritability has not been well described in a population-based setting...

..In conclusion, fatty kidney is a common condition that is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Renal sinus fat may play a role in blood pressure regulation and chronic kidney disease...

..We assessed the lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with and without obesity and diabetes...

..The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased among U.S. adults from 1988-1994 to 1999-2004. We sought to explore the importance of trends in risk factors for CKD over time..

..We tested for association between SNPs on the Affymetrix 100K SNP GeneChip and measures of adiposity in the Framingham Heart Study...

..We hypothesized that persons with greater amounts of periaortic fat are more likely to have clinical PAD and a low ankle-brachial index...

..Overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may be associated with weight gain and loss. We assessed whether variations in thyroid function within the reference (physiologic) range are associated with body weight...

..This review will focus on the contemporary contributions of the Framingham Heart Study to the field of diabetes epidemiology, including data on diabetes trends, genetics, and future advances in population-based studies...

..In conclusion, circulating homocysteine, aldosterone, and BNP provide incremental information regarding risk for incident CKD and MA beyond traditional risk factors...

..Polymorphisms in estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) may be associated with variation in body mass index and waist circumference. However, most prior studies have been limited by sample size and power...

..Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of kidney disease and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the U.S. Whether pre-diabetes is associated with the development of kidney disease is unclear...

..Weight gain adversely affects blood pressure, lipids, and glycemia. The genetic contribution to weight change is unknown...

..Microalbuminuria is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is not known whether genetic factors play a role in the expression of microalbuminuria in population-based samples...

..Despite reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality over the past few decades, it is unclear whether adults with and without diabetes have experienced similar declines in CVD risk...

..Because the risk of coronary heart disease is increased even at moderate declines in kidney function, we sought to test whether high CAC scores are seen among those with mild reductions in kidney function...

..Further research is necessary to identify the genes involved in the development of kidney disease and to understand their roles in this complex process...

..Although declines in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality have been noted, there is still uncertainty about the magnitude of the decline and whether the trend is similar for sudden cardiac death (SCD)...

..Substantial evidence exists for linkage to waist circumference, a measure of central adiposity. Potential candidate genes include ESR1, OPRM1, and NMBR. Further research is necessary to understand the genes involved in central adiposity...

..Further research is warranted to understand whether traditional and novel vascular risk factor burden, as well as metabolic derangements found in early kidney disease, can account for the CKD-MAC association...

..Our cross-sectional observations raise the possibility that dietary salt intake may be associated with early renovascular damage...

..Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia in the United States. Whereas rare cases of familial AF have been reported, it is unknown if AF among unselected individuals is a heritable condition...

..Out-of-hospital coronary heart disease deaths overestimated sudden cardiac death by 47%, suggesting that out-of-hospital coronary heart disease death rates derived from death certificates should be interpreted with caution...

..In conclusion, inflammatory markers were elevated in patients with valvular calcium. Our findings suggest that much of the observed association between systemic inflammatory markers and valvular calcium may be due to shared risk factors...

..We tested the hypothesis that the relative burden of CVD attributable to diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased over the past 5 decades...

..However, the relationship between severity of AKI and in-hospital outcomes in the setting of acute myocardial infarction has not been well documented...

..Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing in the United States; less is known about trends in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) may confer differential metabolic risk profiles. The relations of VAT and SAT were analyzed with CKD as estimated by creatinine- and cystatin-based estimating equations...

..Consumption of soft drinks has been linked to obesity in children and adolescents, but it is unclear whether it increases metabolic risk in middle-aged individuals...

..We sought to determine the prevalence, distribution, and risk factor correlates of high pericardial and intrathoracic fat deposits...

..Neither cysC nor MA was significantly associated with AAC in age- and gender- or multivariable-adjusted models. In conclusion, CKD, cysC, and MA are not associated with CAC or AAC when accounting for cardiovascular disease risk factors...

..We tested the hypothesis that pericardial fat, a unique fat deposit in close anatomic proximity to cardiac structures and autonomic fibers, is associated with prevalent AF...

..We sought to determine whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events...

..UACR may be a useful biomarker for identifying individuals most likely to develop hypertension...

..Few studies relating vitamin D deficiency to obesity have included direct measures of adiposity. Furthermore, the degree to which vitamin D is associated with metabolic traits after adjusting for adiposity measures is unclear...

..Parental obesity is a risk factor for offspring obesity. It is unclear whether parental obesity also confers risk for obesity-associated conditions (e.g., a proinflammatory or prothrombotic state) in the absence of offspring obesity...

..93 [1.15-3.24]). In our community-based sample, individuals with MetS have a high prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis that likely contributes to the increased risk of overt CVD associated with the condition...

..Using comprehensive linkage disequilibrium mapping, we genotyped tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RETN and tested associations with plasma resistin levels, risk of diabetes, and glycemic traits...

..In conclusion, several population-based samples suggest that variants in the TCF7L2 gene are associated with reduced kidney function or CKD progression, overall and specifically among participants without diabetes...

..Experimental evidence identified the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL) pathway as a candidate system modulating vascular remodeling and cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

..We sought to apply volumetric cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in a free-living cohort to potentially clarify these associations...

..We set out to confirm the association of ENPP1 K121Q with hyperglycemia, expand this association to insulin resistance traits, and determine whether the association stems from K121Q or another variant in linkage disequilibrium with it...

..Obesity is associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. The ectopic fat hypothesis suggests that subcutaneous fat may be protective, but this theory has yet to be fully explored...

..0). CONCLUSIONS: The association between MAC and incident AF may be mediated partially through left atrial enlargement. These data suggest the importance of better understanding the mechanisms involved in cardiac valvular calcification...

..We hypothesised that the propensity to store energy in VAT relative to SAT depots may be a correlate of cardiometabolic risk, and tested this hypothesis using the VAT/SAT ratio as a metric of fat distribution...

..We reproduced the association of diabetes-associated variants with proinsulin/insulin ratios, and also examined the association of a TCF7L2 haplotype with obesity in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS)...

..Baseline arterial measures did not associate with incident CKD or incident microalbuminuria. In summary, arterial stiffness correlates with albuminuria but not with mild-to-moderate CKD...

..Our findings provide new insights into CKD pathogenesis and underscore the importance of common genetic variants influencing renal function and disease...

..Multiple markers of inflammation and oxidative stress correlated with pericardial and intrathoracic fat volumes, extending the known association between regional adiposity and inflammation and oxidative stress...

..We hypothesized that this paradox is due partly to the advent of increasingly sensitive biomarkers for AMI diagnosis...

..We related validated parental premature CVD with the subclinical measures of coronary artery (CAC) and abdominal aortic (AAC) calcification in the community...

..We evaluated the relative contributions of circulating biomarkers representing distinct biological pathways to the incidence of MetS and to longitudinal changes of its constituent risk factors...

..Data are limited with regard to the relations of low-grade albuminuria (below the microalbuminuria threshold) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in nondiabetic, nonhypertensive individuals...

..We tested the hypothesis that leptin levels are associated with greater risk of CHF, CVD, and mortality in elderly individuals...

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..Neck circumference, a proxy for upper-body sc fat, may be a unique fat depot that confers additional cardiovascular risk above and beyond central body fat...

..These results further our understanding of the biologic mechanisms of kidney function by identifying loci that potentially influence nephrogenesis, podocyte function, angiogenesis, solute transport and metabolic functions of the kidney...

..Concordance between reduced eGFR and MA and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality according to these definitions is uncertain...

..We sought to test whether carotid IMT is associated with polymorphisms in several well-characterized genes in the hemostatic factor pathways...

..We performed variance components linkage analysis on these intersection datasets and on their sex-specific subsets...

..Approximately 25% of intermediate-risk individuals have high CAC scores and may be eligible for reclassification into a higher-risk category...

..We sought to examine the relations between parental obesity and the serum ALT and AST levels among offspring in a community-based sample...

..Our objective was to examine CVD risk factor level changes among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1970 to 2005 in the Framingham Heart Study...

..This study has identified new determinants of erythrocyte traits, offering insight into common variants underlying variation in erythrocyte measures...

..Kidney disease is associated with an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease; however, risk factors for kidney disease have not been well studied...

..Identifying genes associated with blood pressure advances our understanding of blood pressure regulation and highlights potential drug targets for the prevention or treatment of hypertension...

..We hypothesized that duration of diabetes is an important predictor of incident CHD among people with diabetes...

..Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

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..We hypothesised that a subset of these variants may have different effects on the transition from normal fasting glucose (NFG) to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) than on that from IFG to diabetes...

..We tested the hypothesis that the association of adiponectin levels with incident type 2 diabetes differs between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive individuals...

..We examined whether serum phosphorus levels increase the risk of incident CKD or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in two population-based prospective cohort studies...

..In summary, elevated uromodulin concentrations precede the onset of CKD and associate with a common polymorphism in the UMOD region...

..If the specifics of age- or time-varying genetic effects are not considered in the selection of both the follow-up samples and in the statistical analysis, important genetic associations may be missed...

..09-1.77). We conclude that in this community-based sample, plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction increased risk of incident diabetes independent of other diabetes risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation...

..Metabolic risk conferred by adiposity may be due to associated risk factor clustering...

..Elevated PAI-1 levels may be associated with an increased risk for diabetes as a marker for underlying endothelial dysfunction rather than by a direct effect of genetically mediated elevated levels...

..Because white fat is a major source of IL-6 in resting individuals, we tested the hypothesis that BMI modifies the association among the IL-6 genotype, insulin resistance (IR) (measured using the homeostasis model), and risk of diabetes...

..To determine whether serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, accounting for temporal changes in known CVD risk factors and C-reactive protein (CRP)...