J Bukh

Summary

Affiliation: National Institutes of Health
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Failure to infect rhesus monkeys with hepatitis C virus strains of genotypes 1a, 2a or 3a
    J Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID NIH, 7 Center Drive MSC 0740, Bethesda, Md 20892 0740, USA
    J Viral Hepat 8:228-31. 2001
  2. ncbi Previously infected chimpanzees are not consistently protected against reinfection or persistent infection after reexposure to the identical hepatitis C virus strain
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 6531, 50 South Dr, MSC 8009, Bethesda, MD 20892 8009, USA
    J Virol 82:8183-95. 2008
  3. ncbi [Treatment and prevention of hepatitis C--progress and challenges. The Danish Society of Hepatology]
    Jens Bukh
    Ugeskr Laeger 165:1233. 2003
  4. ncbi Mutations that permit efficient replication of hepatitis C virus RNA in Huh-7 cells prevent productive replication in chimpanzees
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:14416-21. 2002
  5. ncbi A critical role for the chimpanzee model in the study of hepatitis C
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
    Hepatology 39:1469-75. 2004
  6. ncbi Immunity against the GBV-B hepatitis virus in tamarins can prevent productive infection following rechallenge and is long-lived
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 8009, USA
    J Med Virol 80:87-94. 2008
  7. ncbi Studies of hepatitis C virus in chimpanzees and their importance for vaccine development
    J Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses and Molecular Hepatitis Sections, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892 0740, USA
    Intervirology 44:132-42. 2001
  8. ncbi Challenge pools of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-6 prototype strains: replication fitness and pathogenicity in chimpanzees and human liver-chimeric mouse models
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 50, 50 S Dr MSC 8009, Bethesda, MD 20892 8009, USA
    J Infect Dis 201:1381-9. 2010
  9. ncbi A milestone for hepatitis C virus research: a virus generated in cell culture is fully viable in vivo
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:3500-1. 2006
  10. ncbi Characterization of modified hepatitis C virus E2 proteins expressed on the cell surface
    X Forns
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    Virology 274:75-85. 2000

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications49

  1. ncbi Failure to infect rhesus monkeys with hepatitis C virus strains of genotypes 1a, 2a or 3a
    J Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID NIH, 7 Center Drive MSC 0740, Bethesda, Md 20892 0740, USA
    J Viral Hepat 8:228-31. 2001
    ..Our study demonstrates that rhesus monkeys are not readily infected with HCV and apparently do not represent a useful animal model for the study of HCV...
  2. ncbi Previously infected chimpanzees are not consistently protected against reinfection or persistent infection after reexposure to the identical hepatitis C virus strain
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 6531, 50 South Dr, MSC 8009, Bethesda, MD 20892 8009, USA
    J Virol 82:8183-95. 2008
    ..These findings have important implications for our understanding of immunity against HCV; even in the best-case scenario with autologous rechallenge, low-level viral persistence was seen in the presence of primed T-cell responses...
  3. ncbi [Treatment and prevention of hepatitis C--progress and challenges. The Danish Society of Hepatology]
    Jens Bukh
    Ugeskr Laeger 165:1233. 2003
  4. ncbi Mutations that permit efficient replication of hepatitis C virus RNA in Huh-7 cells prevent productive replication in chimpanzees
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:14416-21. 2002
    ..Our study demonstrates that mutations that are adaptive for replication of HCV in cell culture may be highly attenuating in vivo...
  5. ncbi A critical role for the chimpanzee model in the study of hepatitis C
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
    Hepatology 39:1469-75. 2004
    ..Finally, this in vivo transfection system has made it possible to test for the first time the importance of genetic elements for HCV infectivity...
  6. ncbi Immunity against the GBV-B hepatitis virus in tamarins can prevent productive infection following rechallenge and is long-lived
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 8009, USA
    J Med Virol 80:87-94. 2008
    ..We also demonstrated that the immunity was long-lived: 1 year after the fourth challenge, the animal with sterilizing immunity had low titer viremia for only 1 week following an additional challenge...
  7. ncbi Studies of hepatitis C virus in chimpanzees and their importance for vaccine development
    J Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses and Molecular Hepatitis Sections, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892 0740, USA
    Intervirology 44:132-42. 2001
    ..The vaccine trials performed in chimpanzees to date all have tested the efficacy of immunizations with various forms of the envelope proteins of HCV...
  8. ncbi Challenge pools of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-6 prototype strains: replication fitness and pathogenicity in chimpanzees and human liver-chimeric mouse models
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 50, 50 S Dr MSC 8009, Bethesda, MD 20892 8009, USA
    J Infect Dis 201:1381-9. 2010
    ..The challenge pools represent a unique resource for studies of HCV molecular virology and for studies of pathogenesis, protective immunity, and vaccine efficacy in vivo...
  9. ncbi A milestone for hepatitis C virus research: a virus generated in cell culture is fully viable in vivo
    Jens Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:3500-1. 2006
  10. ncbi Characterization of modified hepatitis C virus E2 proteins expressed on the cell surface
    X Forns
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    Virology 274:75-85. 2000
    ....
  11. ncbi Experimental infection of chimpanzees with hepatitis C virus of genotype 5a: genetic analysis of the virus and generation of a standardized challenge pool
    J Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892 0740, USA
    J Infect Dis 178:1193-7. 1998
    ..Finally, sequence analysis of strain SA13 confirmed that genotype 5a is genetically distinct from other genotypes of HCV...
  12. ncbi Amplification of the full-length hepatitis A virus genome by long reverse transcription-PCR and transcription of infectious RNA directly from the amplicon
    R Tellier
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:4370-3. 1996
    ....
  13. ncbi Toward a surrogate model for hepatitis C virus: An infectious molecular clone of the GB virus-B hepatitis agent
    J Bukh
    Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892 0740, USA
    Virology 262:470-8. 1999
    ..The development of severe hepatitis in both tamarins infected with the recombinant GBV-B virus provides formal proof that GBV-B is a true hepatitis virus...
  14. ncbi Evaluation of commercially available and in-house reverse transcription-PCR assays for detection of hepatitis G virus or GB virus C
    X Forns
    Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 0740, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 35:2698-702. 1997
    ..In summary, RT-nested PCR and a commercially available RT-PCR assay for HGV or GBV-C gave concordant results for 96% of the patients tested...
  15. ncbi Long PCR and its application to hepatitis viruses: amplification of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C virus genomes
    R Tellier
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 34:3085-91. 1996
    ..We amplified the nearly full-length sequence of each of these viruses from a small number of viral genomes, demonstrating the sensitivity of the process...
  16. ncbi High-level expression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural proteins by a chimeric HCV/BVDV genome propagated as a BVDV pseudotype
    J H Nam
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0740, USA
    J Virol Methods 97:113-23. 2001
    ..The virus particles were pseudotypes, because they were neutralized by anti-BVDV but not by anti-HCV...
  17. ncbi Host range studies of GB virus-B hepatitis agent, the closest relative of hepatitis C virus, in New World monkeys and chimpanzees
    J Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 0740, USA
    J Med Virol 65:694-7. 2001
    ..Finally, we failed to detect GBV-B in acute-phase serum from surgeon GB. Our data suggest that GBV-B is not a human virus and that GBV-B, like GBV-A, is a virus of New World monkeys...
  18. ncbi Hepatitis C virus: an infectious molecular clone of a second major genotype (2a) and lack of viability of intertypic 1a and 2a chimeras
    M Yanagi
    Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    Virology 262:250-63. 1999
    ....
  19. ncbi Mutational analysis of the hepatitis C virus E1 glycoprotein in retroviral pseudoparticles and cell-culture-derived H77/JFH1 chimeric infectious virus particles
    R S Russell
    Hepatitis Viruses, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
    J Viral Hepat 16:621-32. 2009
    ..This comprehensive mutational analysis of the putative HCV fusion peptide provides insight into the role of E1 in its interaction with E2 and in HCV entry...
  20. ncbi Hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 binds to CD81 of tamarins
    T Allander
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 0740, USA
    Virology 277:358-67. 2000
    ..Thus, the HCV E2 interaction with CD81 is not limited to humans and chimpanzees and does not predict susceptibility to HCV infection...
  21. ncbi Importance of primer selection for the detection of hepatitis C virus RNA with the polymerase chain reaction assay
    J Bukh
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:187-91. 1992
    ..In conclusion, use of an appropriate primer set is crucial for detecting HCV RNA in the serum of infected individuals...
  22. ncbi A virus discovery method incorporating DNase treatment and its application to the identification of two bovine parvovirus species
    T Allander
    Sections for Hepatitis Viruses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:11609-14. 2001
    ..DNase treatment of serum samples may prove to be a very useful tool for virus discovery. The DNase-SISPA method is suitable for screening of a large number of samples and also enables rapid sequence determination of high-titer viruses...
  23. ncbi Cutting the gordian knot-development and biological relevance of hepatitis C virus cell culture systems
    Judith M Gottwein
    Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program CO HEP, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
    Adv Virus Res 71:51-133. 2008
    ..However, several challenges remain, including development of cell culture systems for all major HCV genotypes and identification of other susceptible cell lines...
  24. ncbi In vivo study of the HC-TN strain of hepatitis C virus recovered from a patient with fulminant hepatitis: RNA transcripts of a molecular clone (pHC-TN) are infectious in chimpanzees but not in Huh7.5 cells
    Akito Sakai
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 8009, USA
    J Virol 81:7208-19. 2007
    ..Subsequently, however, mutations emerged repeatedly in both animals. Overall, our results indicate that disease severity and outcome of acute HCV infection depend primarily on the host response...
  25. ncbi Isolation and characterization of broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to the e1 glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus
    Jean Christophe Meunier
    Molecular Hepatitis Section, LID, NIAID, NIH, Bldg 50, Rm 6537, 50 South Dr, MSC 8009, Bethesda, MD 20892 8009, USA
    J Virol 82:966-73. 2008
    ..In addition, robust neutralization was also observed against cell culture-adapted viruses of genotypes 1a and 2a. Results from this study suggest that these MAbs may have the potential to prevent HCV infection...
  26. ncbi Robust hepatitis C genotype 3a cell culture releasing adapted intergenotypic 3a/2a (S52/JFH1) viruses
    Judith M Gottwein
    Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Research Center, Hvidovre, Denmark
    Gastroenterology 133:1614-26. 2007
    ..We aimed at exploiting the unique JFH1 replication characteristics to develop culture systems for genotype 3a, which has a high prevalence worldwide...
  27. ncbi Hepatitis C virus host cell interactions uncovered
    Judith M Gottwein
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:13215-6. 2007
  28. ncbi Development of a TaqMan assay for the six major genotypes of hepatitis C virus: comparison with commercial assays
    Ronald E Engle
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    J Med Virol 80:72-9. 2008
    ..TaqMan assays have become an essential tool to follow viral load in clinical samples and cell culture-based experiments and this technology offers significant advantages in linear dynamic range, sensitivity and customization...
  29. ncbi Development of JFH1-based cell culture systems for hepatitis C virus genotype 4a and evidence for cross-genotype neutralization
    Troels K H Scheel
    Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program CO HEP, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Research Centre and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:997-1002. 2008
    ..Thus, the JFH1 intergenotypic recombinants will be of importance for future studies of HCV neutralization and accelerate the development of passive and active immunoprophylaxis...
  30. ncbi Advantages of a single-cycle production assay to study cell culture-adaptive mutations of hepatitis C virus
    Rodney S Russell
    Hepatitis Viruses and Molecular Hepatitis Sections, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:4370-5. 2008
    ..The E2 mutation had minimal effect on the amount of infectious virus released but probably enhanced entry into cells. In contrast, both the p7 and NS2 mutations independently increased the amount of virus released...
  31. ncbi Polyclonal immunoglobulins from a chronic hepatitis C virus patient protect human liver-chimeric mice from infection with a homologous hepatitis C virus strain
    Thomas Vanwolleghem
    Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
    Hepatology 47:1846-55. 2008
    ..Both experimental systems will be useful tools to identify neutralizing antibodies for future clinical use...
  32. ncbi Intragenotypic JFH1 based recombinant hepatitis C virus produces high levels of infectious particles but causes increased cell death
    Guaniri Mateu
    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
    Virology 376:397-407. 2008
    ..These studies begin to unravel requirements for robust virus replication and the relationship between increased virion production and host cell viability...
  33. ncbi Monitoring of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in chronic infection by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry mutation detection
    Carmen Yea
    Metabolism Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
    J Clin Microbiol 45:1053-7. 2007
    ..We also used the mass spectrometry method in the clinical follow-up of a chronically infected patient over a 5-year period...
  34. ncbi The p7 polypeptide of hepatitis C virus is critical for infectivity and contains functionally important genotype-specific sequences
    Akito Sakai
    Hepatitis Viruses and Molecular Hepatitis Sections, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:11646-51. 2003
    ..These data indicate that the amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal intraluminal tails of p7 contain sequences with genotype-specific function...
  35. ncbi Viral and immunological determinants of hepatitis C virus clearance, persistence, and disease
    Robert Thimme
    Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:15661-8. 2002
    ....
  36. ncbi In vitro assay for neutralizing antibody to hepatitis C virus: evidence for broadly conserved neutralization epitopes
    Birke Bartosch
    , , IFR 128, , , 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:14199-204. 2003
    ..The ability to assay neutralizing anti-HCV should permit an assessment of the prospects for successful Ab-mediated passive and active immunoprophylaxis against hepatitis C...
  37. ncbi In vivo analysis of the 3' untranslated region of GB virus B after in vitro mutagenesis of an infectious cDNA clone: persistent infection in a transfected tamarin
    Jae Hwan Nam
    Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 8009, USA
    J Virol 78:9389-99. 2004
    ..Nonetheless, the demonstration that GBV-B can persist in tamarins strengthens its relevance as a surrogate model for the study of HCV...
  38. ncbi Evidence for cross-genotype neutralization of hepatitis C virus pseudo-particles and enhancement of infectivity by apolipoprotein C1
    Jean Christophe Meunier
    Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:4560-5. 2005
    ..Future studies of the in vivo role of apolipoprotein C1 might provide additional insights into the infection process of HCV...
  39. ncbi Acute GB virus B infection of marmosets is accompanied by mutations in the NS5A protein
    Karen K Kyuregyan
    Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya 16, 123098 Moscow, Russia
    Virus Res 114:154-7. 2005
    ..Appearance of these mutations presumably reflects a mechanism of immune escape rather than adaptation of the virus to a new host...
  40. ncbi Consensus proposals for a unified system of nomenclature of hepatitis C virus genotypes
    Peter Simmonds
    Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Hepatology 42:962-73. 2005
    ..In conclusion, these proposals provide the framework by which the HCV databases store and provide access to data on HCV, which will internationally coordinate the assignment of new genotypes and subtypes in the future...
  41. ncbi Genomic analysis of the host response to hepatitis C virus infection
    Andrew I Su
    Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:15669-74. 2002
    ..Our results reveal genome-wide transcriptional changes that reflect the establishment, spread, and control of infection, and they reveal potentially unique antiviral programs associated with clearance of HCV infection...
  42. ncbi Hepatitis C virus subtyping by a core-envelope 1-based reverse transcriptase PCR assay with sequencing and its use in determining subtype distribution among Danish patients
    Sylvie Corbet
    Department of Virology, Statens Serum Institut. DAKO, Copenhagen, Denmark
    J Clin Microbiol 41:1091-100. 2003
    ..The described C-E1 RT-PCR with sequencing is suggested as an easy routine assay for definitive genotyping and subtyping of HCV...
  43. ncbi The challenge of developing a vaccine against hepatitis C virus
    Xavier Forns
    Liver Unit, Institut de Malalties Digestives, , Villaroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
    J Hepatol 37:684-95. 2002
  44. ncbi Long PCR amplification of large fragments of viral genomes: a technical overview
    Raymond Tellier
    Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Methods Mol Biol 226:167-72. 2003
  45. ncbi Long PCR methodology
    Raymond Tellier
    Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    Methods Mol Biol 226:173-8. 2003
  46. ncbi [Hepatitis C in HIV infected patients]
    Jens Bukh
    Ugeskr Laeger 168:3599. 2006
  47. ncbi Functional analyses of GB virus B p13 protein: development of a recombinant GB virus B hepatitis virus with a p7 protein
    Shingo Takikawa
    Hepatitis Viruses and Molecular Hepatitis Sections, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:3345-50. 2006
    ....
  48. ncbi A comprehensive system for consistent numbering of HCV sequences, proteins and epitopes
    Carla Kuiken
    Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
    Hepatology 44:1355-61. 2006
  49. ncbi DNA-based vaccination against hepatitis C virus (HCV): effect of expressing different forms of HCV E2 protein and use of CpG-optimized vectors in mice
    Xiaoying Ma
    Loeb Health Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ont, Canada K1Y 4E9
    Vaccine 20:3263-71. 2002
    ..These results may have implications for the design and development of HCV DNA vaccines...