Research Topics
Genomes and GenesSpecies | R James R BlairSummaryAffiliation: National Institutes of Health Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Turning a deaf ear to fear: impaired recognition of vocal affect in psychopathic individualsR James R Blair
Unit on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2670, USA
J Abnorm Psychol 111:682-6. 2002..The results indicated that psychopathic inmates were particularly impaired in the recognition of fearful vocal affect. These results are interpreted with reference to the low-fear and violence inhibition mechanism models of psychopathy...- Deafness to fear in boys with psychopathic tendenciesR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Heath, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 2670, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46:327-36. 2005..These results are interpreted with reference to amygdala dysfunction and components of the Integrated Emotion Systems model... - Applying a cognitive neuroscience perspective to the disorder of psychopathyR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Dev Psychopathol 17:865-91. 2005..Some directions for future work are considered... 
Psychopathy, attention and emotionR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Psychol Med 39:543-55. 2009....- Fine cuts of empathy and the amygdala: dissociable deficits in psychopathy and autismR J R Blair
Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 61:157-70. 2008..It is concluded that while both conditions can be considered disorders of social cognition, fine cuts can be made dissociating the impairments associated with each... - Differentiating among prefrontal substrates in psychopathy: neuropsychological test findingsK S Blair
National Institute of Mental Health and University College, London, UK
Neuropsychology 20:153-65. 2006..In contrast, the 2 groups did not show impairment on the measures preferentially sensitive to the functioning of the DLPFC or ACC. These results are interpreted with reference to executive dysfunction accounts of the disorder... - The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in morality and psychopathyR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 15K North Drive, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Trends Cogn Sci 11:387-92. 2007..In psychopathy, dysfunction in these structures means that care-based moral reasoning is compromised and the risk that antisocial behavior is used instrumentally to achieve goals is increased... - Dysfunctions of medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex in psychopathyR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1121:461-79. 2007..It is suggested that the impairment in the role of medial OFC in prediction error signaling and the detection of contingency change may underlie the impairments in flexible behavioral change seen in psychopathy... - Aggression, psychopathy and free will from a cognitive neuroscience perspectiveR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Behav Sci Law 25:321-31. 2007..However, instrumental aggression, at least from a compatibilist perspective, must involve free will... - The emergence of psychopathy: implications for the neuropsychological approach to developmental disordersR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, USA
Cognition 101:414-42. 2006..However, caveats to the neuropsychological approach with reference to this disorder are noted... 
Neuroimaging of psychopathy and antisocial behavior: a targeted reviewR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Room 206, 15K North Drive, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Curr Psychiatry Rep 12:76-82. 2010..This is consistent with suggestions that such individuals face difficulties with basic forms of emotional learning and decision making...- Responding to the emotions of others: dissociating forms of empathy through the study of typical and psychiatric populationsR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 15K North Drive, Room 206, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Conscious Cogn 14:698-718. 2005..In contrast, individuals with psychopathy show clear difficulties with a specific form of emotional empathy but no indications of impairment with cognitive and motor empathy... - Author response - Reactive aggression and functional, not neural, specificityR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Br J Psychol 101:407-10. 2010..This article is an author response to Harenski and Kiehl's (2010) commentary on Blair (2010)... - Facial expressions, their communicatory functions and neuro-cognitive substratesR J R Blair
Unit on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 358:561-72. 2003..In acquired sociopathy, the response to angry expressions in particular is attenuated resulting in reduced regulation of social behaviour... - The roles of orbital frontal cortex in the modulation of antisocial behaviorR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Room 206, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Brain Cogn 55:198-208. 2004..Impairments in response reversal are also seen in psychopathic individuals. However, it remains unclear whether impairment in response reversal per se is associated with antisocial behavior... - Psychopathy, frustration, and reactive aggression: the role of ventromedial prefrontal cortexR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
Br J Psychol 101:383-99. 2010..It is argued that both are known consequences of impairment in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, one of the regions principally implicated in psychopathy... - Disrupted expected value and prediction error signaling in youths with disruptive behavior disorders during a passive avoidance taskStuart F White
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Am J Psychiatry 170:315-23. 2013..This partly reflects previous failures to differentiate responses during decision making and feedback processing and to take advantage of computational model-based functional MRI (fMRI)... - Abnormal attention modulation of fear circuit function in pediatric generalized anxiety disorderErin B McClure
Emotional Development and Affective Neuroscience Branch, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:97-106. 2007..However, in pediatric anxiety, no research has examined attention modulation of neural response to threat cues... - Emotion at the expense of cognition: psychopathic individuals outperform controls on an operant response taskDerek G V Mitchell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Abnorm Psychol 115:559-66. 2006..Results are discussed with reference to current models regarding the modulation of attention by emotion and the emotional impairment seen in individuals with psychopathy... - Reduced amygdala response to fearful expressions in children and adolescents with callous-unemotional traits and disruptive behavior disordersAbigail A Marsh
Mood and Anxiety Program, NIMH, 15K North Dr, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Am J Psychiatry 165:712-20. 2008..Moreover, despite high comorbidity of callous-unemotional traits and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), no research has attempted to distinguish neural correlates of pediatric callous-unemotional traits and ADHD... - Neural correlates of reversal learning in severe mood dysregulation and pediatric bipolar disorderNancy E Adleman
National Institute of Mental Health NIMH, National Institutes of Health NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, USA
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50:1173-1185.e2. 2011..Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine neural correlates of cognitive flexibility deficits in patients with SMD and BD versus healthy volunteers (HV)... - Stimulus-reinforcement-based decision making and anxiety: impairment in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) but not in generalized social phobia (GSP)J DeVido
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Psychol Med 39:1153-61. 2009..In this study, we examined stimulus-reinforcement-based decision making in GSP and GAD... - Dominance and submission: the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and responses to status cuesAbigail A Marsh
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Cogn Neurosci 21:713-24. 2009..We suggest that the VLPFC retrieves information from these regions when processing hierarchy cues to facilitate socially adaptive behavior... - The neural basis of implicit moral attitude--an IAT study using event-related fMRIQian Luo
Unit on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience, Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 15K North Drive, Room 206, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Neuroimage 30:1449-57. 2006..The functional contributions of these regions in moral reasoning are discussed... - Adapting to dynamic stimulus-response values: differential contributions of inferior frontal, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral regions of prefrontal cortex to decision makingDerek G V Mitchell
National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
J Neurosci 29:10827-34. 2009..These data are interpreted with reference to models of dmPFC, dlPFC, and IFG functioning... - Common regions of dorsal anterior cingulate and prefrontal-parietal cortices provide attentional control of distracters varying in emotionality and visibilityQian Luo
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Room 300C, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Neuroimage 38:631-9. 2007..Moreover, a conjunction analysis indicated considerable overlap in the regions of prefrontal, parietal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex responding to distracters of increased emotionality and visibility... - The impact of affect and frequency on lexical decision: the role of the amygdala and inferior frontal cortexMarina Nakic
Unit on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Neuroimage 31:1752-61. 2006.... - Response to emotional expressions in generalized social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder: evidence for separate disordersKarina Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, NIMH, NIH, 15K North Dr, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Am J Psychiatry 165:1193-202. 2008..Functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed the neural response to facial expressions in generalized social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder... - The development of psychopathyR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Heath, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 47:262-76. 2006..These impairments disrupt the impact of standard socialization techniques and increase the risk for frustration-induced reactive aggression respectively... - Association between level of emotional intelligence and severity of anxiety in generalized social phobiaMadeline Jacobs
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
J Anxiety Disord 22:1487-95. 2008..These results suggest that EI may index emotional processing systems that mitigate the impact of systems causally implicated in GSP... - They know the words, but not the music: affective and semantic priming in individuals with psychopathyK S Blair
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
Biol Psychol 73:114-23. 2006..In contrast, the two groups showed comparable levels of semantic priming. The results are discussed with reference to current models of psychopathy... - Differing amygdala responses to facial expressions in children and adults with bipolar disorderPilyoung Kim
NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA
Am J Psychiatry 169:642-9. 2012..The authors used functional MRI to compare amygdala activity during a face processing task in children and adults with bipolar disorder and in healthy comparison subjects... - The development of antisocial behavior: what can we learn from functional neuroimaging studies?S L Crowe
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Dev Psychopathol 20:1145-59. 2008..We suggest why such pathology would increase the risk for reactive and instrumental aggression and thus also lead to the association with a CD/ODD diagnosis... - Theory of mind and psychopathy: can psychopathic individuals read the 'language of the eyes'?R A Richell
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University College, London, UK
Neuropsychologia 41:523-6. 2003..Results indicated that the psychopathic individuals did not present with any generalised impairment in ToM. The data are discussed with reference to the putative neural system mediating performance on this task and models of psychopathy... - Impaired recognition of fear facial expressions in 5-HTTLPR S-polymorphism carriers following tryptophan depletionAbigail A Marsh
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 189:387-94. 2006..Acute tryptophan depletion has been associated with the processing of fear-relevant cues, such as emotional expressions, but the effect of genotype at the 5-HTTLPR has not been assessed... - The impact of processing load on emotionD G V Mitchell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
Neuroimage 34:1299-309. 2007..Together, the data suggest that the processing of task-irrelevant emotional information, like neutral information, is subject to the effects of processing load and is under top-down control... - Fractionation of visual memory: agency detection and its impairment in autismR J R Blair
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, WC1H 3AR, London, UK
Neuropsychologia 40:108-18. 2002..The data is interpreted in terms of reduced sensitivity to agency cues in individuals with autism and general information processing capacity... - The relationship between large cavum septum pellucidum and antisocial behavior, callous-unemotional traits and psychopathy in adolescentsStuart F White
Unit on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54:575-81. 2013..Conclusions: Early brain mal-development may increase the risk of a DBD diagnosis, but does not mark a particularly severe form of DBD within patients receiving these diagnoses... - Impaired reversal but intact acquisition: probabilistic response reversal deficits in adult individuals with psychopathySalima Budhani
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
J Abnorm Psychol 115:552-8. 2006..Results are discussed with reference to current models of the development of psychopathy... - Amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex function during anticipated peer evaluation in pediatric social anxietyAmanda E Guyer
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Dr, Room 208, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65:1303-12. 2008..Such fear-circuitry dysfunction may also manifest when anticipated social evaluation leads socially anxious adolescents to misperceive peers as threatening... - Modulation of emotion by cognition and cognition by emotionK S Blair
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Neuroimage 35:430-40. 2007..NeuroImage, 29 (3), 721-733] and negative connectivity with bilateral amygdala. These data suggest that processes involved in emotional regulation are recruited during task performance in the context of emotional distractors... - Response reversal and children with psychopathic tendencies: success is a function of salience of contingency changeS Budhani
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Heath, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2670, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46:972-81. 2005..CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that this data is consistent with suggestions of subtle orbital frontal cortex impairment in children with psychopathic tendencies... - Neural response to self- and other referential praise and criticism in generalized social phobiaKarina Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, 15K North Dr, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 65:1176-84. 2008..However, studies have not examined the neural response in GSP to another equally important class of social stimuli, the communication of praise or criticism... - Dissociable systems for empathyR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 15K North Drive, Room 206, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Novartis Found Symp 278:134-41; discussion 141-5, 216-21. 2007..The implications of these forms of empathy for understanding specific psychiatric conditions are briefly considered... - Divergent patterns of aggressive and neurocognitive characteristics in acquired versus developmental psychopathyD G V Mitchell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Neurocase 12:164-78. 2006.... - Biased emotional attention in post-traumatic stress disorder: a help as well as a hindrance?M Vythilingam
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Psychol Med 37:1445-55. 2007..We investigated these possibilities both with respect to threatening and positive stimuli among traumatized individuals with and without PTSD... - The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: functional contributions and dysfunction in psychopathyR J R Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 363:2557-65. 2008..It is concluded that these critical functions of the amygdala and vmPFC, and their interaction, are compromised in individuals with the disorder. It is argued that these impairments lead to the development of psychopathy... - Face emotion labeling deficits in children with bipolar disorder and severe mood dysregulationBrendan A Rich
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 15K, Room 204, MSC2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Dev Psychopathol 20:529-46. 2008..These deficits are associated with psychosocial impairments. Understanding the neural circuitry associated with face-labeling deficits has the potential to clarify the pathophysiology of these disorders... - Instrumental learning and relearning in individuals with psychopathy and in patients with lesions involving the amygdala or orbitofrontal cortexD G V Mitchell
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Neuropsychology 20:280-9. 2006..The results are interpreted with reference to current neurocognitive models of stimulus-reinforcement learning, relearning, and developmental psychopathy... - Deficits in facial affect recognition among antisocial populations: a meta-analysisAbigail A Marsh
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Neurosci Biobehav Rev 32:454-65. 2008..This impairment cannot be attributed solely to task difficulty. These results suggest dysfunction among antisocial individuals in specified neural substrates, namely the amygdala, involved in processing fearful facial affect... - The role of 5-HTTLPR in choosing the lesser of two evils, the better of two goods: examining the impact of 5-HTTLPR genotype and tryptophan depletion in object choiceK S Blair
Department of Health and Human Services, Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Room 300A, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892 2670, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 196:29-38. 2008..The serotonin (5-HT) system is considered important for decision-making. However, its role in reward- and punishment-based processing has not yet been clearly determined... - Social norm processing in adult social phobia: atypically increased ventromedial frontal cortex responsiveness to unintentional (embarrassing) transgressionsKarina S Blair
Mood and Anxiety Program, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Am J Psychiatry 167:1526-32. 2010.... - Deficits on a probabilistic response-reversal task in patients with pediatric bipolar disorderTristan Gorrindo
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 4N-208, 10 Center Dr.-MSC 1255, Bethesda, MD 20892-1255, USA
Am J Psychiatry 162:1975-7. 2005..CONCLUSIONS: Children with bipolar disorder may have a reversal learning deficit... - Evidence for substantial genetic risk for psychopathy in 7-year-oldsEssi Viding
Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46:592-7. 2005..We report here the first twin study of high levels of psychopathic tendencies in young children... - Dissociable roles of medial orbitofrontal cortex in human operant extinction learningElizabeth C Finger
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
Neuroimage 43:748-55. 2008..These findings suggest that in humans, frontopolar OFC modulates activity in caudal mOFC, rACC and amygdala during successful operant extinction learning... - Reduced amygdala response in youths with disruptive behavior disorders and psychopathic traits: decreased emotional response versus increased top-down attention to nonemotional featuresStuart F White
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Am J Psychiatry 169:750-8. 2012..However, there has been disagreement as to whether this dysfunction reflects a primary emotional deficit or is secondary to atypical attentional control. The authors examined the validity of the contrasting predictions... - Irritability in pediatric mania and other childhood psychopathologyEllen Leibenluft
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Room 4N 208, MSC 1255, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1008:201-18. 2003..Examples of such paradigms are described, and the pharmacology of irritability is reviewed briefly... - Response options and expectations of reward in decision-making: the differential roles of dorsal and rostral anterior cingulate cortexAbigail A Marsh
Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 15K North Drive, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Neuroimage 35:979-88. 2007..The current results suggest functional specificity with respect to the roles of dACC/dmFC and rACC/mPFC in decision-making... - Neurobiological basis of psychopathyR James R Blair
Br J Psychiatry 182:5-7. 2003 - Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation and attentional bias in response to angry faces in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorderChristopher S Monk
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 2000 East Hall, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Am J Psychiatry 163:1091-7. 2006.... - Doing the right thing: a common neural circuit for appropriate violent or compassionate behaviorJohn A King
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
Neuroimage 30:1069-76. 2006..The findings indicate a common system that guides behavioral expression appropriate to social or societal context irrespective of its aggressive or compassionate nature...