Christian C Abnet

..31, 0.96). Subgroup analyses by alcohol consumption produced opposing trends. Results do not support the hypothesis that interventions aimed at increasing vitamin D status would lead to a lower risk of these highly fatal cancers...

..pylori strain differences are less clear. We conducted a prospective nested case-control study of H. pylori serology to address these questions...

..Helicobacter pylori can induce gastric atrophy in humans, which in turn increases gastric cancer risk. Whether H. pylori and gastric atrophy also affect the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), however, remains unresolved...

..However, the relationship between ghrelin and the risk of gastric and esophagogastric junctional cancers has not been investigated...

..Ghrelin, a hormone which, is also produced in the gastric fundic glands may be a marker of gastric atrophy, but its association with OSCC is not known...

..Our results do not support the hypothesis that polymorphisms in genes involved in the inflammatory response confer differences in gastric cancer risk among different individuals...

..To investigate the relation of physical activity to head and neck cancer...

..Results were similar for men and women. This study showed that prediagnostic serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with all-cause or cause-specific mortality rates in this Chinese population who had low levels of vitamin D...

..To determine if genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTP1, or GSTT1 are associated with an increased risk of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia cancer (GCC), or either in a high-risk Asian population...

..Few studies have investigated the relationship of physical activity to esophageal and gastric carcinoma according to histology and anatomic site...

..These variants could confer an altered IL8 expression pattern or interact with environmental factors to increase the risk for inflammation and GCC...

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..19 x 10(-15); OR = 1.57), and for those in the noncardia stomach it was absent (P = 0.44; OR = 1.05). Our findings at 10q23 could provide insight into the high incidence of both cancers in China...

..Our results are consistent with several previous analyses in other high-risk populations...

..Results from this large prospective observational study are consistent with previous case-control studies and support the hypothesis that total fruit and vegetable intake is associated with reduced risk of head and neck cancer...

..pylori seropositivity...

..e., the impact on the OR for a fixed total exposure of high exposure rate for short duration compared with low exposure rate for long duration...

..However, individual studies have been too small to accurately assess the effects of medication type, frequency, or duration of use. We performed a pooled analysis to investigate these associations...

..Given the availability of an effective HPV vaccine and its potential to prevent HPV-associated cancer, we decided to evaluate the prevalence of HPV DNA in GCA...

..03. Lower serum PGI/II ratio was linearly associated with higher risk of ESD. This result is consistent with recent findings that gastric atrophy may increase the risk of ESCC...

..A significant inverse association between EAC and Chenopodiaceae (spinach) intake was observed. Results from our study suggest that the relation of fruit and vegetable intake and esophageal cancer risk may vary by histologic type...

..10; and a model combining both exposure and genotype information had a total r2 of 0.33. Our results suggest that CYP1B1 genotypes are strongly associated with urine 1-OHPG concentrations in this population...

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..To examine the relationship between serum cysteine concentration and risk of these cancers we conducted a nested case-cohort study within the General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial in Linxian, China...

..Supplementation with combinations of vitamins and minerals at nutrient-repletion levels for 5.25 years did not reduce lung cancer mortality in this nutrient-inadequate population in Linxian, China...

..Results from the most comprehensive evaluation of serum vitamin D and its related genes to date suggest that tag SNPS in the 3' UTR of VDR may be associated with risk of prostate cancer in men with low vitamin D status...

..59; 95% CI, 1.04-2.42). No association was observed for GCA. Our results suggest that the MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G polymorphisms influence the risk of ESCC and GCA in this population...

..Fruit and vegetable intake may protect against gastric cancer incidence. Results from case-control studies have indicated an inverse association, but results from cohort studies are inconsistent...

..The northeastern region of Iran has some of the highest rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the world...

..4). For HPV 73, these figures were 1.3 (0.6-2.5), 1.2 (0.6-2.3) and 0.9 (0.4-2.1). The results of this study do not support a major role for HPV 16, HPV 18 and HPV 73 in the etiology of esophageal and gastric cancers in Linxian, China...

..Although there have been multiple studies of meat and colorectal cancer, other gastrointestinal malignancies are understudied...

..Our results do not support the hypothesis that iodine deficiency, as assessed by serum Tg, is associated with an increased risk of UGI cancers...

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..This implies that immune competence, as measured by these stimulation indices, is not associated with incident cancer or total mortality in this population...

..An increase of 71 mg/day (half the interquartile range) in supplemental vitamin E had an hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.92 (0.85-1.00) and the p value for trend in the quartile analysis was 0.015...

..Whether DDT and DDE are associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in humans is not clear...

..General socioeconomic status (SES) is a common denominator in many of these factors and improving SES is a promising approach for reducing the tremendous burden of upper gastrointestinal cancers in Linxian...

..Tooth loss has previously been associated with a higher risk of cancer, heart disease, and stroke, but the role of confounding by smoking remains an issue...

..Future studies of esophageal and other cancers should focus on comprehensive sequencing of this 2q33 locus and functional analysis of rs13016963 and rs10201587 and other strongly correlated variants...

..pylori status, and for cases diagnosed within 46 months after study enrollment. Our findings suggest that higher levels of urinary PGE-M, a marker of inflammation, may be associated with gastric cancer risk...

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..Very few prospective studies have examined the association between cigarette smoking and cancers of the head and neck in women, even though the rates of smoking in women are increasing rapidly worldwide...

..These data suggest that local and systemic immune responses may influence the natural history of esophageal squamous dysplasia...

..37 (0.97, 1.94). Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that iodine deficiency is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer...

..Our results suggest that high intakes of heme and iron from meat may be important dietary risk factors for esophageal and stomach cancer and may partly explain associations with red meat...

..Tocopherols were associated with higher risk of GCC, whereas dietary intake of fruits, vitamin C, tocopherols, and lycopene seemed protective for GNCC...

..The overall associations between IL-1B or IL-1RN proinflammatory polymorphisms and gastric cancer were null but several studies showed an association. The sources of this variation are unclear...

..01). CONCLUSION: Our results are consistent with two other published studies that have shown oral health as a risk factor for ESCC. The high incidence of ESCC in northeastern Iran may be partly attributable to poor oral health...

..2 per 100,000 person-years) and women (32.5 per 100,000 person-years to 33.2 per 100,000 person-years); however, changing smoking prevalence and cigarette composition warrant revisiting risk estimates for smoking and bladder cancer...

..Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages, but the association between coffee consumption and the risk of death remains unclear...

..These findings should be interpreted cautiously until replicated in other studies...

..93, 95% CI: 2.69, 9.03) but not risk for esophageal, gastric cardia, or gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma...

..The inverse findings among former and current smokers in combination with the null results for physical activity among never smokers may point toward residual confounding by cigarette smoking as an explanation for the relations observed...

..We used the prospective Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study to assess whether iron metrics were associated with gastric cardia cancer (GCC) and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC)...

..In summary, this case series describes the largest number of young EC patients reported to date, and it highlights the uniqueness of the EC experience in western Kenya...

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..81-0.96) cancers (all p-trend < 0.05). We also found nonlinear associations for some cancer sites, including the thyroid and pancreas. Our results add to mounting evidence for the influential role of UVR exposure on cancer...

..Further evaluation of the role of PAH exposure from air and food in the elevated rates of esophageal cancer in this region is warranted...

..We wished to examine the prevalence of mtDNA mutation and polymorphism in subjects from this high risk area of China...

..We conclude that it is unlikely that variations in these polymorphic genes are major contributors to the high incidence of EC among Turkomans in Iran...

..Balloon cytology may be able to screen the length of the esophagus effectively for a subset of cells with abnormal methylation, and may be useful in a primary screening test for ESCC and its precursor lesions...

..HPV DNA contamination cannot be ruled out as an explanation for high HPV prevalence in ESCC tissue studies with less stringent tissue procurement and processing protocols...

..89 to 4.75) for GNCC. Serum gamma-tocopherol level was not associated with the incidence of any of these cancers. Our findings provide support for the role of alpha-tocopherol in the etiology of upper gastrointestinal cancers...

..These findings argue for caution before increasing 25(OH)D levels to prevent cancer...

..Results of studies investigating other factors are also discussed...

..We conducted this study to determine whether drinking mate could lead to substantial exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including known carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene...

..Obesity increases the risks of GCA and EADC, and the associations may be partially mediated by insulin resistance. A few case-control studies have shown an association between diabetes and an increased risk of EADC...

..Gastric cancer incidence rates are consistently lower in women than men in both high and low-risk regions worldwide. Sex hormones, such as progesterone and estrogen, may protect women against gastric cancer...

..We conclude that Mendelian randomization is not universally applicable, but, under the right conditions, can complement evidence for causal associations from conventional epidemiologic studies...

..To assess the reliability and validity of self-reported opium use in a rural Iranian population at high risk for esophageal cancer in preparation for a large cohort study...

..Tea intake was not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSION: In a large prospective study of participants with advanced hepatitis C-related liver disease, regular coffee consumption was associated with lower rates of disease progression...