Research Topics
| Scott M SmithSummaryAffiliation: NASA Ames Research Center Country: USA Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Space flight calcium: implications for astronaut health, spacecraft operations, and EarthScott M Smith
Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Nutrients 4:2047-68. 2012..It also discusses a novel technique using natural stable isotopes of calcium that will be helpful in the future to determine calcium and bone balance during space flight...
Benefits for bone from resistance exercise and nutrition in long-duration spaceflight: Evidence from biochemistry and densitometryScott M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Bone Miner Res 27:1896-906. 2012..This is the first evidence that improving nutrition and resistance exercise during spaceflight can attenuate the expected BMD deficits previously observed after prolonged missions...
Evaluation of treadmill exercise in a lower body negative pressure chamber as a countermeasure for weightlessness-induced bone loss: a bed rest study with identical twinsScott M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
J Bone Miner Res 18:2223-30. 2003..Eight pairs of identical twins were randomly assigned to sedentary control or exercise groups. Exercise within LBNP decreased the bone resorption caused by bed rest and may provide a countermeasure for spaceflight...- Variability of collagen crosslinks: impact of sample collection periodS M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
Calcif Tissue Int 74:336-41. 2004..In research studies, the high variability of single-void collections, compounded by creatinine normalization, may alter or obscure findings... - Bone markers, calcium metabolism, and calcium kinetics during extended-duration space flight on the mir space stationScott M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Bone Miner Res 20:208-18. 2005..Bone markers, calcitropic hormones, and calcium kinetics of crew members on space missions of 4-6 months were evaluated. Spaceflight-induced bone loss was associated with increased bone resorption and decreased calcium absorption... - The nutritional status of astronauts is altered after long-term space flight aboard the International Space StationScott M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Nutr 135:437-43. 2005..These data provide evidence that bone loss, compromised vitamin D status, and oxidative damage are among critical nutritional concerns for long-duration space travelers... - Nutritional status is altered in the self-neglecting elderlyScott M Smith
Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Nutr 136:2534-41. 2006..Evaluation of these data in relation to other functional and cognitive assessments are critical for evaluating the relation between nutrition and self-neglect... - Vitamin D supplementation during Antarctic winterScott M Smith
Space Life Sciences Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 89:1092-8. 2009..Persons with limited exposure to ultraviolet B light, including space travelers, may not receive enough vitamin D. Recent studies indicate that optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] should be > or = 80 nmol/L... - WISE-2005: supine treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure and flywheel resistive exercise as a countermeasure to bed rest-induced bone loss in women during 60-day simulated microgravityScott M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Bone 42:572-81. 2008..The combination of resistive and aerobic exercise did not prevent bone resorption but did promote bone formation, and helped mitigate the net bone loss associated with simulated microgravity... - Nutritional status changes in humans during a 14-day saturation dive: the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations V projectScott M Smith
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Nutr 134:1765-71. 2004..Together, these similarities to spaceflight provide a model to use in further defining the physiologic effects of spaceflight and investigating potential countermeasures... - Thyroid status of Space Shuttle crewmembers: effects of iodine removalScott M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, Space Medicine Division, NASA Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Attn Mail Code SK3, 101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Aviat Space Environ Med 82:49-51. 2011..We report here thyroid hormone data from crews flying before and after this system was implemented... - Long-duration space flight and bed rest effects on testosterone and other steroidsScott M Smith
Space Life Sciences Directorate, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:270-8. 2012..Limited data suggest that testosterone is decreased during space flight, which could contribute to bone and muscle loss... - Effects of artificial gravity during bed rest on bone metabolism in humansS M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Appl Physiol 107:47-53. 2009..05) effect of time for whole body total BMC and total hip and trochanter BMD. These data failed to demonstrate efficacy of this AG prescription to prevent the changes in bone metabolism observed during 3 wk of bed rest... - Nutritional status assessment before, during, and after long-duration head-down bed restSara R Zwart
Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Aviat Space Environ Med 80:A15-22. 2009..Bed rest is a valuable ground-based model for many of the physiological changes that are associated with spaceflight. Nutritional changes during and after 60 or 90 d of head-down bed rest were evaluated... - Bone metabolism and nutritional status during 30-day head-down-tilt bed restJennifer L L Morgan
Oak Ridge Associated Universities, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77030, USA
J Appl Physiol 113:1519-29. 2012..Regardless, maximizing research funding and opportunities will be critical to enable the next steps in space exploration... - Lower body negative pressure treadmill exercise as a countermeasure for bed rest-induced bone loss in female identical twinsSara R Zwart
Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Bone 40:529-37. 2007..Dietary acid load of these female subjects was significantly correlated with calcium excretion but not with other bone resorption markers... - Skeletal effects of long-duration head-down bed restElisabeth R Spector
Bone and Mineral Laboratory, Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Aviat Space Environ Med 80:A23-8. 2009..This study was undertaken by the NASA Flight Analogs Project (FAP) to collect control data for upcoming countermeasure studies... - Vision changes after spaceflight are related to alterations in folate- and vitamin B-12-dependent one-carbon metabolismSara R Zwart
Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX, USA
J Nutr 142:427-31. 2012.... - Musculoskeletal adaptations to training with the advanced resistive exercise deviceJames A Loehr
Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, TX, USA
Med Sci Sports Exerc 43:146-56. 2011..The ARED uses vacuum cylinders and inertial flywheels to simulate, in the absence of gravity, the constant mass and inertia, respectively, of free weight (FW) exercise... - Nutritional biochemistry of spaceflightScott M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
Adv Clin Chem 46:87-130. 2008..We review here much of what is known, and highlight areas of ongoing research and concerns for future exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond... - Vitamin K status in spaceflight and ground-based models of spaceflightSara R Zwart
Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX, USA
J Bone Miner Res 26:948-54. 2011..The data presented here do not support either a need for vitamin K supplementation during spaceflight or the suggestion of using vitamin K as a bone loss countermeasure in spaceflight... - Calcium and bone metabolism during space flightScott M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
Nutrition 18:849-52. 2002..It also highlights areas where nutrition may play a specific role in this bone loss, and where countermeasures may be developed to mitigate that loss... - Effects of 21 days of bed rest, with or without artificial gravity, on nutritional status of humansS R Zwart
Universities Space Research Association, Houston, USA
J Appl Physiol 107:54-62. 2009..These data provide evidence that artificial gravity itself does not negatively affect nutritional status during bed rest. Likewise, artificial gravity has no protective effect on nutritional status during bed rest... - Red blood cell and iron metabolism during space flightScott M Smith
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
Nutrition 18:864-6. 2002..Iron availability increases, and (in the few subjects studied) iron stores increase during long-duration space flight. The consequences of these changes are not fully understood... - Stability of analytes related to clinical chemistry and bone metabolism in blood specimens after delayed processingSara R Zwart
Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX, USA
Clin Biochem 42:907-10. 2009..We investigated the stability of 36 analytes related to clinical chemistry in a controlled storage study... - Body iron stores and oxidative damage in humans increased during and after a 10- to 12-day undersea diveSara R Zwart
Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Nutr 139:90-5. 2009..Labile plasma iron was measurable only during the dive. These data indicate that the NEEMO environment increases body iron stores and labile forms of iron, which may contribute to oxidative damage... - Capacity of omega-3 fatty acids or eicosapentaenoic acid to counteract weightlessness-induced bone loss by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation: from cells to bed rest to astronautsSara R Zwart
Universities Space Research Association, NASA Johnson Space Center, Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Bone Miner Res 25:1049-57. 2010..62, p < .05). Together these data provide mechanistic cellular and preliminary human evidence of the potential for EPA to counteract bone loss associated with spaceflight... - Sedentary long-duration head-down bed rest and ECG repolarization heterogeneityChris Sakowski
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Aviat Space Environ Med 82:416-23. 2011..Based on prior observations of lengthening of the QTc interval during long-duration spaceflight, we hypothesized that abnormalities in ECG repolarization would also occur during long-duration HDBR... - Training with the International Space Station interim resistive exercise deviceSuzanne M Schneider
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:1935-45. 2003..A unique, interim elastomer-based resistive exercise device (iRED) is being used on the International Space Station... - Response to vitamin D supplementation during Antarctic winter is related to BMI, and supplementation can mitigate Epstein-Barr Virus ReactivationSara R Zwart
Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Nutr 141:692-7. 2011..The data also provide evidence that vitamin D, interacting with stress, can reduce risk of latent virus reactivation during the winter in Antarctica... - Space flight nutrition research: platforms and analogsScott M Smith
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
Nutrition 18:926-9. 2002..This review is intended to highlight the main issues of space flight research analogs and leave the specifics for each physiologic system for the other papers in this section... - Assessment of urinary N-telopeptide: point-of-care testing, sample types, and relationship to urinary helical peptide excretionSara R Zwart
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Clin Chim Acta 372:65-9. 2006..7 (17.4) and 41.5 (12.5) nmol/mmol creatinine for the POC device and ELISA]. CONCLUSIONS: Comparisons between NTX measurements from frozen and fresh samples and those analyzed by POC and ELISA techniques should be made with caution... - Nutritional biochemistry of space flightS M Smith
Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Laboratories, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Life Support Biosph Sci 6:5-8. 1999..Providing the required nutrients is also limited by the types of foods that can be provided by the food system on board the space craft, and the dietary habits of space crews... - Nutritional status assessment in semiclosed environments: ground-based and space flight studies in humansS M Smith
Life Sciences Research Laboratories, NASA Lyndon B Johnson Space Center Houston TX 77058, USA
J Nutr 131:2053-61. 2001..These data demonstrate the utility and importance of nutritional status assessment during spaceflight and of the FFQ during extended-duration spaceflight... - Gravity and space flight: effects on nutritional statusS M Smith
Life Sciences Research Laboratories SD3, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2:335-8. 1999..The surge in life sciences research during this decade serves as a preamble to the opportunities to be provided by the latest addition to the Earth-orbiting structures--the International Space Station... - Calcium metabolism before, during, and after a 3-mo spaceflight: kinetic and biochemical changesS M Smith
Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Life Sciences Research Laboratories, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
Am J Physiol 277:R1-10. 1999..Further studies are required to determine the time course of changes in calcium homeostasis during flight to develop and assess countermeasures against flight-induced bone loss... - Collagen cross-link excretion during space flight and bed restS M Smith
Life Sciences Research Laboratories, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:3584-91. 1998..e. within days to weeks) suggests that alterations in bone metabolism are an early effect of weightlessness. These studies are important for a better understanding of bone metabolism in space crews and in those who are bedridden... - Assessment of nutrient stability in foods from the space food system after long-duration spaceflight on the ISSS R Zwart
NASA Johnson Space Center, Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Div, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Food Sci 74:H209-17. 2009..This study provided the 1st set of spaceflight data for investigation of nutrient stability in the food system, and the results will help NASA design food systems for both ISS and space exploration missions... - Stability of blood analytes after storage in BD SST tubes for 12 moGrace Mathew
Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc, Houston, TX, USA
Clin Biochem 42:1732-4. 2009..We studied the stability of 33 analytes related to clinical chemistry, bone, and vitamin metabolism, after storage in serum separator tubes (SST)... - Regulation of body fluid volume and electrolyte concentrations in spaceflightS M Smith
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
Adv Space Biol Med 6:123-65. 1997..More complete knowledge of these processes can be expected to produce countermeasures that are even more successful, as well as expand our comprehension of the range of adaptability of human physiologic processes... - The use of chlorhexidine/n-propyl gallate as a urine preservativeJeannie L Nillen
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, Wyle Laboratories, USA
Clin Lab Sci 17:149-54. 2004..In medical applications on Earth, this technology can allow urine samples to be collected in remote settings and eliminate the need to ship frozen samples... - Invited review: gender issues related to spaceflight: a NASA perspectiveD L Harm
Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
J Appl Physiol 91:2374-83. 2001..Individual characteristics usually outweigh gender differences per se... - The ratio of animal protein intake to potassium intake is a predictor of bone resorption in space flight analogues and in ambulatory subjectsSara R Zwart
NASA JSC
Am J Clin Nutr 80:1058-65. 2004..CONCLUSIONS: The ratio of animal protein intake to potassium intake may affect bone in ambulatory and bed-rest subjects. Changing this ratio may help to prevent bone loss on Earth and during space flight... - Space exercise and Earth benefitsBrandon R Macias
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Diego, 350 Dickinson Street, Suite 121, San Diego, CA 92103-8894, USA
Curr Pharm Biotechnol 6:305-17. 2005..Finally, LBPP exercise as a rehabilitation device is examined with reference to gait mechanics and safety in two groups of postoperative patients... - Natural calcium isotopic composition of urine as a marker of bone mineral balanceJoseph Skulan
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Clin Chem 53:1155-8. 2007..If so, isotopic analysis of natural urine or blood calcium could be used to monitor short-term changes in bone mineral balance that cannot be detected with other techniques... - Vitamin D deficiency associated with self-neglect in the elderlyKoko Aung
CREST, University of Texas Medical School Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio Division of General Internal Medicine, 78229 3901, USA
J Elder Abuse Negl 18:63-78. 2006..Vitamin D deficiency is common in elders. However, little is known about the implications of vitamin D deficiency in elder self-neglect... - Smart medical systems with application to nutrition and fitness in spaceBabs R Soller
Department of Surgery and Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
Nutrition 18:930-6. 2002..Earth-based application of these sensors is also described... - The making of a self-neglect severity scaleCarmel Bitondo Dyer
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School Houston, Harris County Hospital District, USA
J Elder Abuse Negl 18:13-23. 2006..The lack of a gold standard to measure self-neglect has hampered efforts to study this phenomenon...