Paul Muntner

..The association of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with CKD across the adult lifespan is not well established...

..Few studies, however, have evaluated the association between biomarkers of iron metabolism and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The purpose of this study is to examine the association of ferritin and transferrin saturation with PAD...

..Elevated serum cystatin C may identify patients with 'preclinical' kidney disease not detected by traditional serum creatinine measurements...

..Although high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, limited data exist on the association of overweight and obesity with early stages of kidney disease...

..The prevalence of mineral metabolism abnormalities is almost universal in stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the presence of abnormalities in milder CKD is not well characterized...

..73 m(2). More studies are needed to better define longitudinal changes in renal function. Such data will provide important information for guiding treatment choices for patients, research endeavors, and health policy...

..Given the demonstrated benefits of statin therapy, cost of measuring CRP, and large percentage of older US adults with high CRP, universal statin therapy for older US adults warrants investigation...

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..06 to 2.56) for myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke, respectively. In conclusion, a graded association exists between higher serum cystatin C and increased CVD prevalence in patients without established chronic kidney disease...

..In conclusion, an abnormal QRS|T angle, as measured on a 12-lead electrocardiogram, was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in this population-based sample without known heart disease...

..A retrospective cohort study was conducted to test these associations in outpatients with an estimated GFR > or =60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)...

..29), and 2.26 (95% confidence interval 1.30 to 3.94), respectively. In conclusion, the coexistence of MA and reduced eGFR was associated with a high prevalence of PAD and might be useful in identifying patients with vascular disease...

..In conclusion, BMI levels of 25.0 to 29.9 and 30 to 34.9 kg/m(2) were associated with lower all-cause mortality after PCI. However, an increased number of metabolic abnormalities translated into increased all-cause mortality...

..The purpose of this study was to determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the general United States population...

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..Despite similar CVD risk estimates, the three definitions identified different subgroups of the obese population, perhaps suggesting distinct etiologies...

..Nonadherence to statins limits the benefits of this common drug class. Individual studies assessing predictors of nonadherence have produced inconsistent results...

..CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of severity, CKD is associated with an increased prevalence of AF among US adults...

..79, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 2.64, p <0.01). In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that initiatives to increase calls to 911 are needed for women and men...

..In this sample, reduced FMD was not an independent predictor of hypertension incidence, suggesting that impaired endothelial function does not play a major role in the development of hypertension...

..001 for linear trend), whereas higher LV mass/volume quartiles were not (P = 0.643 for linear trend). In this multiethnic cohort, alterations in LV mass preceded hypertension onset among normotensive individuals...

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..67 (95% CI 1.52 to 8.86), respectively, for patients on dialysis. In conclusion, the TIMI risk score for UAP/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction discriminates mortality risk across the full range of CKD, including patients on dialysis...

..Few published data are available on the benefits of aspirin use in patients with unstable angina (UA)...

..58 to 0.79). In conclusion, in patients with LDL cholesterol levels <70 mg/dl who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, a strong inverse association was present between HDL cholesterol level and all-cause mortality...

..Few data are available on the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and mortality independent of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)...

..Measurement of blood pressure in usual practice settings may be subject to substantial error, calling into question the value of VVV in real-world settings...

..To examine whether a quantitatively derived metabolic syndrome definition predicts incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events better than do existing definitions...

..To assess the effect of surgeon experience and technical modifications on functional and oncologic outcomes after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP)...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in BMI and the prevalence of overweight (BMI > or = 25 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)) between 1991 and 1999-2000 among Chinese adults...

..The recalibrated and best-fit models achieved sufficient goodness of fit (each P > 0.10). The Framingham, ARIC, and San Antonio models maintained high discriminative ability but required recalibration in a modern, multiethnic US cohort...

..Understanding the basic pathophysiology underlying the metabolic syndrome may help explain the age, gender, and ethnic differences in its prevalence and guide preventive and therapeutic efforts...

..Same-day discharge after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be safe for some patients. Few data are available on patient-reported outcomes and preferences for same-day discharge after PCI...

..The aim of this study was to determine whether behavioral mechanisms explain the association between depressive symptoms and myocardial infarction (MI) or death in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD)...

..35), respectively (P=.566). No association with mortality was present after further adjustment and when modeling within-visit standard deviation of SBP as a continuous variable. Standard deviation of DBP was not associated with mortality...

..To determine the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency and associations between 25(OH)D deficiency and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents...

..Few data are available on the use of statins after publication of the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP-III) guidelines in 2001...

..The aim of the present study was to determine whether there are any clinical predictors of the optimal V-V settings in patients implanted with CRT devices...

..Unhealthy lifestyle factors may contribute to apparent treatment resistant hypertension (aTRH). We examined associations of unhealthy lifestyle factors with aTRH in individuals taking antihypertensive medications from three or more classes...

..We evaluated whether MHT is associated with impaired diastolic function compared with SHT and sustained normotension (NT) in the general population...

..25, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 1.90, p = 0.30). In conclusion, these findings do not support a linear association between leukocyte telomere length and incident CHD risk in the general population...

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..58; p < 0.001) in DM plaques. In conclusion, our study suggests that enhanced type III collagen deposition was associated with inflammation, neovascularization and IPH, and may be a contributing factor in DM plaque progression...

..New clinical practice recommendations include A1C as an alternative to fasting glucose as a diagnostic test for identifying pre-diabetes. The impact of these new recommendations on the diagnosis of pre-diabetes is unknown...

..We determined the association of psychiatric symptoms in the year after Hurricane Katrina with subsequent hospitalization and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients...

..The association between depressive symptoms and the Life's Simple 7 has not yet been explored...

..The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with traditional risk factors and prior MACE had increased cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) plaque burden measures compared to patients with risk factors but no prior events...

..It is unknown, however, whether PTSD symptoms negatively impact the time to presentation during an ACS...

..Although the popularity of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy is assured, little is known about the oncologic outcomes following the procedure...

..We sought to test the hypothesis that haptoglobin (Hp) genotype is a determinant of the amount of iron in the atherosclerotic plaque...

..46 [95% CI 0.24 to 0.90] for CVD mortality) than for subjects with no CKD and a prior MI. CONCLUSIONS: Stage 3 CKD confers CHD risk that is lower and not equivalent to a prior MI in this middle-aged, general, nondiabetic population...

..The metabolic syndrome is a common risk factor for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Western populations. We examined the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and risk of CKD in Chinese adults...

..CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that inflammation and hyperhomocysteinemia may be important mechanisms by which smoking promotes atherosclerotic disease...

..A history of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke is more common among incident cases of treated end-stage renal disease (ESRD) than in the general US population...

..Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death in China. We examined the levels of serum total and lipoprotein cholesterol and status of awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia in China...

..These results document the importance of high BP as a modifiable risk factor for ESRD in China. Strategies to prevent ESRD should incorporate the prevention, treatment, and control of BP...

..We sought to evaluate the association of HbA(1c) (A1C) with peripheral arterial disease in a representative sample of the U.S. population with and without diabetes...

..Radiologic contrast media can cause acute renal failure, but whether their repeated use is associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is unknown...

..The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased among U.S. adults from 1988-1994 to 1999-2004. We sought to explore the importance of trends in risk factors for CKD over time..

..The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Asians has not been well established...

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..The previously reported urban-rural difference in the prevalence of hypertension was not noted, perhaps due to a rapid increase in the prevalence of hypertension in rural China...

..CONCLUSIONS: These data document high rates of ISH in China. Given the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with ISH, our findings underscore the critical need for enhanced hypertension screening and treatment programs in China...

..59 mmol/L]) for adults with coronary heart disease risk equivalents. Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk but is not included as a risk equivalent in these guidelines...

..62 (CI, 1.10 to 2.38), 2.45 (CI, 1.55 to 3.85), and 3.19 (CI, 1.96 to 5.19), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the metabolic syndrome might be an important factor in the cause of chronic kidney disease...

..CHD risk factors in the general population remain predictive among patients with CKD. Given the high risk for CHD among patients with CKD, control of these risk factors may have a substantial impact on their excess burden of CHD...

..Kidney failure is known to cause anemia, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiac failure and mortality. The impact of milder decreases in kidney function on hemoglobin levels and anemia in the US population, however, is unknown...

..6), and 1.93 (CI, 1.33 to 2.81), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of apolipoprotein A1 are decreased and levels of homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein are increased among patients with chronic kidney disease...

..In conclusion, subjects with a low-normal ABI or with borderline PAD need screening for CVD risk factors, and interventions may be appropriate to prevent cardiovascular events...

..Insights from CRIC should lead to the formulation of hypotheses regarding therapy that will serve as the basis for targeted interventional trials focused on reducing the burden of CRI and CVD...

..These results underscore the urgent need to develop national strategies to improve prevention, detection, and treatment of hypertension in China...

..26 (95% CI 1.69 to 6.28) for current smokers versus 0.83 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.35) for never smokers (p interaction=0.006). In conclusion, in the general United States adult population, inflammation is independently associated with PAD...

..CONCLUSION: There existed a higher prevalence of systolic hypertension in China, to which enough attention should be paid...

..Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is highly prevalent in haemodialysis patients and is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Though cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is accurate, it is not widely available...

..Patients with end-stage renal disease reliant on maintenance hemodialysis therapy may be particularly susceptible to developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after natural disasters...

..The increasing number of treated ESRD cases in the United States is partly explained by the increase in diabetes prevalence and US population growth but only minimally by MI and stroke survival...

..The effect of these trends on the prevalence and number of stroke survivors in the United States has not been determined...

..To calculate the prevalence of non-traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors across diabetes status and for persons with and without the metabolic syndrome...

..High lead exposure is associated with hypertension and renal dysfunction but the effect of low-level environmental exposure is not as well studied...

..The prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents increased between 1988 and 2000. The change in blood pressure among children and adolescents over that time and the role of overweight is unknown...

..This study indicates that, in a representative sample of the United States general population, renal insufficiency is independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease-related and all-cause mortality rates...

..With suitable planning, the nephrology community can do much to ensure the continuity of medical care for kidney patients in the face of a wide range of possible natural and human-made disasters...

..Declines in blood lead levels between 1976 and 1991 among US adults have been previously reported. More recent trends in blood lead levels and the association of lower blood lead levels with chronic disease have not been reported...

..Retinal microvascular abnormalities are associated with renal dysfunction, suggesting that common systemic microvascular processes may underlie the development of microvascular damage in the eye and kidneys...

..59; 1.11, 2.27). These data identify potential methods for improving blood pressure control in China through the identification, follow-up, and lifestyle modification of persons with high blood pressure...

..To estimate the prevalence rates of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes mellitus (DM) and to evaluate the awareness, treatment, and control of DM in the Chinese adult population...

..QCT and not dual energy x-ray absorptiometry should be used to assess spine BMD in dialysis patients...

..To determine the proportion and characteristics of patients willing to attend group medical visits...

..To determine levels and correlates of hypertension knowledge...

..Two hundred and twenty-eight patients seen in 1997 for continuity care in two academic clinics in New Orleans, Louisiana...

..Hemodialysis patients experience a high degree of psychosocial impairment...

..40). The high blood lead levels observed among dialysis patients do not appear to be the result of increased bone turnover. The causes of higher blood lead levels for these patients need to be identified and attenuated...

..56 billion (1.54-1.58 billion). INTERPRETATION: Hypertension is an important public-health challenge worldwide. Prevention, detection, treatment, and control of this condition should receive high priority...

..We conducted a systematic review of the association between a single item assessing general self-rated health (GSRH) and mortality...

..These findings indicate that elevated levels of inflammatory markers are positively and independently associated with insulin resistance. Further studies should examine the potential causal effect of inflammation on insulin resistance...

..To examine the associations between alcohol intake and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH)...

..Further studies into the causality between insulin resistance and CKD are warranted...

..We sought to determine trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol among U.S. adults...

..To determine which of five measures of adiposity maintains the strongest association with cardiovascular disease risk factors...

..3 million (4.1% of adults). In conclusion, most adults in China with an elevated LDL cholesterol remain untreated...

..These findings suggest that fish consumption may be an important component of lifestyle modification for the prevention of CHD...