MONTE STUART BUCHSBAUM

..DTI is thus sensitive to demyelination and other structural abnormalities. DTI has also shown abnormalities in these regions...

..These results are consistent with those in depression indicating that higher cingulate gyrus metabolic rates at baseline predict SRI response...

..Our results are consistent with a frontostriatal circuit change related to both dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and with the presence of psychopharmacological subtypes within OCD...

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..Alignment of white matter axons as inferred from diffusion tensor imaging has indicated changes in schizophrenia in frontal and frontotemporal white matter...

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..For the pulvinar, maximal functional connectivity was with parietal BA39; for anterior thalamus, with anterior cingulate...

..This suggests the possibility that the expansion of putamen size may be a physiological correlate of neuroleptic responsiveness or that small putamen size at disease onset may be a predictor of outcome...

..Metabolic rates in Brodmann area 10 were distinctly higher in SPD patients than in either normal volunteers or schizophrenic patients...

..Compared with REM sleep, nonREM sleep was associated with significantly lower metabolic rates in the temporal and occipital regions, as well as the thalamus...

..A combined frontal/temporal deficit or greater cortical change may be associated with poorer longitudinal course...

..The findings demonstrate neuropsychological deficits in adolescents with psychosis and suggest that cognitive deficits are core symptoms in psychotic disorders...

..Haloperidol increased striatal metabolic rate more than olanzapine. Both drugs increased thalamic metabolic rates and this increase was significantly larger in younger (age 13-15) than older (16-21) patients...

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..The authors assessed schizophrenia-associated changes in volume and neuronal number in the mediodorsal nucleus and the pulvinar regions of the thalamus...

..This is the first morphometric study to directly compare SPD and BPD patients in temporal lobe volume...

..We extended our studies to include functional alterations of the striatum and thalamus in a cohort of patients with PG before and after treatment with lithium...

..CONCLUSIONS: Three association regions of the thalamus that have reciprocal connectivity to schizophrenia-associated regions of the cortex have significantly smaller volumes on MRI in patients with schizophrenia...

..The restorative effects of HCORT on metabolism and working memory provide a rationale for examining the therapeutic benefits of glucocorticoid manipulation in aging PTSD patients...

..To compare progressive changes in lateral ventricular size in chronic schizophrenia patients with good and poor outcomes...

..Among the schizophrenia-spectrum sample, more deficient PPI during the attended prepulses was associated with greater symptom severity as measured by the total 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score...

..This suggests that panic disorder patients activate frontal inhibitory centers less than controls, a tendency that may lower the threshold for panic...

..The authors' goal was to examine interregional correlations of thalamocortical metabolic activity during a verbal learning task in schizophrenia...

..In addition, patients with impulsive aggression have an attenuation of symptoms with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment...

..Patients failed to show these patterns. Autism patients have dysfunction in some but not all of the key brain regions subserving verbal memory performance, and other regions may be recruited for task performance...

..These studies are summarized in detail in this review and future directions for neuroimaging assessment of very poor outcome patients with schizophrenia are suggested...

..Overall, our findings suggest that increased prefrontal volume in BA10 and sparing of volume loss in temporal cortex (BAs 22 and 20) may be a protective factor in SPD which reduces vulnerability to psychosis...

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..Evidence for anomalies of thalamic structure and function obtained from postmortem and neuroimaging studies is then examined and directions for further research proposed...

..The findings suggest that there are white matter tract-specific degenerative mechanisms that may be present at the point of illness onset and may progress throughout the illness...

..Although mood stabilizers and serotonin reuptake inhibitors have shown some efficacy in the treatment of this condition, there is little known about how these pharmacological interventions work...

..Dysfunctional FST activation, particularly in the caudate may underlie PPI abnormalities in schizophrenia-spectrum patients...

..High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to compare cortical gray and white matter and CSF volumes in schizophrenia patients with poor outcomes, schizophrenia patients with good outcomes, and healthy comparison subjects...

..Present longitudinal study was designed to investigate progressive differences in striatal volumes among chronic schizophrenia patients with different outcomes and healthy subjects...

..We set out to confirm these exploratory findings and evaluate their relation to illness severity using a hypothesis-driven region-of-interest approach...

..We demonstrated no significant differences in amygdala volumes or metabolism between BPD patients and controls...

..Decreased callosal size and anisotropy have been described in schizophrenia patients but their longitudinal progression remains poorly understood...

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..We compared the thalamic-cortical volumetric correlational patterns in patients with schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects, and evaluated their relations to outcome...

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..We examined whether this pattern is seen within the anteroposterior arch of the cingulate gyrus...

..These findings are consistent with post-mortem and MRI measurement suggesting reduction in volume of the pulvinar, which occupies a large proportion of the ventral thalamus and which has prominent connections to the temporal lobe...

..Abnormal regional volume intercorrelations between selected cortical areas in schizophrenia patients were previously reported in several MRI studies...

..The authors used imaging studies to map volumetric and metabolic differences within the entire dorsoventral extent of the striatum and thalamus...

..We examined whether there is a relationship between white matter FA and outcome in patients with schizophrenia...

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..The present study used behavioral and functional neuroimaging techniques to examine inhibitory control processes in adolescents who had been diagnosed with ADHD during childhood...

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..Findings of significant involvement of striatal functioning in verbal learning are most likely accounted for by age and suggest an age-related shift from anterior to posterior circuitry in the human telencephalon...

..Preclinical studies show that orbital frontal cortex (OFC) plays a role in regulating impulsive aggression. Prior work has found OFC dysfunction in BPD...

..The purpose of this study was to examine automatic sensorimotor gating and controlled attentional modulation of the startle eye blink response in unmedicated subjects with schizotypal personality disorder...

..These findings are consistent with a previous report of reduced neuronal number in the anterior principal nucleus of male SZs and add to a growing body of evidence implicating oligodendrocyte abnormalities in SZ...

..We extended this investigation by examining gray and white matter volume of frontal and cingulate gyrus Brodmann areas (BAs) in a large group of patients and healthy controls...

..These results suggest that both age-related metabolic decline and sex differences within frontal regions are more marked in medial frontal and cingulate areas, consistent with some age-related patterns of affective and cognitive change...

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..Poor outcome is associated with more posterior distribution (posteriorization) of both gray and white matter changes, and with preferential impairment in the unimodal visual and paralimbic cortical regions...

..Sex differences were found in the majority of areas but were most marked in the cingulum bundle and internal capsule. These results suggest continuing white matter development between adolescence and adulthood...

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..The findings suggest disruption of internal capsule fibers in poor-outcome patients with schizophrenia. These abnormalities may be independent of other structural changes in schizophrenia...

..These results provide additional evidence for the presence of both white and gray matter abnormalities in the cingulate gyrus, which has been implicated in schizophrenia...

..67 +/- 0.02 to 0.53 +/- 0.02, P < 0.0001). FDG PET can quantify in vivo macrophage content and serially monitor changes in FDG activity in this rabbit model...

..This suggests that tracts involved in the connectivity of the temporal lobe white matter deficits were already well in place in adolescent patients, while frontal lobe pathology continues to develop from adolescence to adulthood...

..The study aims to further understanding of the neuroanatomical substrate of panic attacks and to establish a possible mechanism of action for successful CBT. ..