ROBERT STEPHEN KLEIN

..In persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a decreased tuberculin reaction cut-point of > or = 5 mm induration is recommended...

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..The objective of the present study was to examine gender differences and other factors associated with current heroin and cocaine use among middle-aged drug users...

..However, a substantial degree of the person-to-person variability in the prevalence and level of detectable HCV RNA remains unexplained...

..The predictors of higher HCV RNA levels found in this longitudinal study are consistent with those of prior cross-sectional studies. Further studies are warranted to determine if treatment of alcohol use affects HCV RNA levels...

..Mortality trends among drug users in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remain unclear...

..Because increasingly effective treatment is available, better methods are urgently needed to improve evaluation and treatment of HCV-infected DUs, including those coinfected with HIV...

..Osteopenia has been described in HIV-infected persons, but most studies have not focused on aging men, have not included an HIV-negative comparison group with similar risks to those of the HIV-infected men, or lacked data on fracture rates...

..To determine the associations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with insulin resistance and abnormal glucose tolerance in a cohort of older adults with or at risk of HIV infection...

..Given the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis, booster testing should be considered when drug users are screened for tuberculosis infection...

..To define the prevalence of and factors associated with having a negative purified protein derivative (PPD) among persons who self-report a prior positive PPD and to define the safety of repeat testing in such persons...

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..1 [95% CI, 1.1-15.5]; adjusted OR for receipt of ART including a protease inhibitor, 5.5 [95% CI, 1.5-20.4])...

..These results suggest that older men with or at risk for HIV infection are sexually active, participate in risky sexual behavior, and need safer sex interventions...

..4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.8) and high CD4(+) lymphocyte count. Identification of and administration of appropriate chemoprophylaxis to drug users with these risk factors should be given high priority...

..CAM use among persons with or at risk for HIV infection due to drug use or high-risk heterosexual behaviors is common, and is used almost exclusively as an adjunct and not an alternative to conventional health care...

..In this paper, we discuss the health issues confronting HIV-infected older adults and areas for future research...

..HIV infection was independently associated with a substantial and significantly increased risk for any and for high-risk genital HPV infection and was the most important risk factor found...

..CONCLUSION: Risk for urinary tract infection is not associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection but is associated with viral load among women who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus...

..To address this issue, we examined HPV test results from repeated study visits in the WIHS and from an independent study, the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS)...

..If this increase is dependent on decreased immune selective pressure, then a reduced rate of nucleotide changes resulting in amino acid replacements (nonsynonymous changes, dN) would be expected...

..tuberculosis and assess the impact of cross-reactions from latent infection with other mycobacteria in inner-city injection drug users, a population at high risk for tuberculosis...

..Comorbid conditions and use of concurrent HIV-unrelated medications need not adversely affect treatment of HIV-infected older individuals, but increased attention to health maintenance may be necessary...

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