JULIE MENNELLA

..These data illustrate the wide variety of experiential factors that can influence flavor preferences during childhood...

..Bachmanov and Michael Tordoff); and (6) Human genetic variation in taste: connections with alcohol sensation and intake (Valerie B. Duffy and Linda M. Bartoshuk). The symposium concluded with a general discussion...

..This study aimed to determine the effects of duration of exposure during the sensitive period on a food containing an exemplar of the savory flavor...

..Introducing children repeatedly to individual as well as a variety of fruits and vegetables, both within and between meals, might help them be more accepting of fruits and vegetables, which is difficult to enhance beyond toddlerhood...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TAS2R38 haplotypes and age on human bitter taste perception...

..The present experimental study was designed to determine how breastfeeding from a mother who smokes affects infants in the short-term...

..We hypothesized that, despite the culinary diversity within Mexico, there would be similar patterns in the types of flavors and foods eaten by mothers and fed to infants...

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..Whether children who associate the odor of alcohol with such emotional contexts display a trajectory toward or against using alcohol to escape remains unknown...

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..Design Between- and within-subject experimental study...

..By using the response to protein hydrolysate formula (PHF) as a model system, we discovered the existence of a sensitive period, before 4 mo, when exposure determines the hedonic tone to flavors...

..Because breastfed infants are clearly capable of regulating milk intake, the present study tested the hypothesis that infants would compensate for the diminished milk intake if their mothers then refrained from drinking alcohol...

..The present study tested the hypothesis that experience with a flavor in amniotic fluid or breast milk modifies the infants' acceptance and enjoyment of similarly flavored foods at weaning...

..Although a single series will yield useful information about age-related differences in taste preferences, the 2-series version should be considered when differences in race/ethnicity are of interest...

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..Contrary to the popular lore that encourages women to drink alcohol as an aid to lactation, we previously showed that alcohol consumption disrupted lactational performance and the hormonal milieu of the lactating mother in the short term...

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..The unpalatable flavor of the medicine can thwart the benefits of even the most powerful of drugs. Failure to consume medication may do the child harm and can even be life-threatening...

..We identified a model system that exploits the inherent taste variation in early feedings to investigate food preference development...

..In this randomized study, we examined whether healthy infants fed an extensively protein hydrolysate formula (PHF) would differ in feeding behavior and growth from those fed cow-milk formula (CMF)...

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..01) when compared to those infants who were feeding milk-based formulas, a finding that further supports the hypothesis that mother-child dynamics surrounding early feeding impacts upon mothers' perception of their children's temperament...

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..However, based on sodium's differential ability to inhibit bitterness, as has been shown here with children and adults, clearly each drug of interest must be evaluated separately...

..In the short term, mothers may be more relaxed, but the hormonal milieu underlying lactational performance is disrupted, and, in turn, the infant's milk supply is diminished...

..These data are consistent with the hypothesis that flavor experiences influence subsequent flavor preferences even several years following the early experience...

..The present experimental study was motivated by clinical observations that early experience with formulas establishes subsequent preferences...

..The present study focused on older children (3.8-6.0 years) to determine whether their hedonic response to the odor of alcohol was related to the drinking habits of their parents...

..These findings suggest that some early learning about cigarette smoke odor is based on sensory experiences at home and anchors it to the emotional context in which their mothers smoke...

..Taken together, these data suggest that body weight is related to some components of umami taste and that different mechanisms are involved in the perception of threshold and suprathreshold MSG concentrations...

..Human PROP sensitivity is determined by the combination of each of these 3 polymorphisms within the TAS2R38 gene...

..The flavor of a food determines its acceptability and modulates intake. It is thus critical to understand the factors that influence flavor preferences in humans...

..Further research is needed to unfold the relationship between the level of sour taste preferred and the actual consumption of sour-tasting foods and flavors in children...

..Given the physiological adaptations of the digestive system during lactation, the present study tested the hypothesis that lactation alters alcohol pharmacokinetics...

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..The role that dietary habits and individual differences contribute to the preferences for sweet taste and its physiological consequences in children is an important area for future research...

..Our study suggests that mice may be a useful model for understanding the mechanisms of HC rejection...

..To explore the types of advice that women in Argentina received from health professionals, family members, and friends about drinking alcoholic beverages and about alcohol usage during pregnancy and lactation...

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..Our goal was to evaluate the effects of breastfeeding and dietary experiences on acceptance of a fruit and a green vegetable by 4- to 8-month-old infants...

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..Recent, but taxonomically limited, evidence suggests that other animals also avoid consuming HC when alternatives exist...

..The challenges confronted in studying this clinical population as well as extrapolation to larger populations will be discussed...

..CONCLUSIONS: Because compounds from lactating women and their infants modulated the ovarian cycles of women, as is seen in other mammals, they have the potential to function as pheromones, regulating fertility within groups of women...

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..The studies under discussion indicate that, within each stage in development, we can trace alcohol-related experiences capable of determining or modulating alcohol seeking and intake patterns...

..AIM 3: To explore the role of early experiences with ethanol in mothers' milk and the emotional context of such experiences, on the recognition of, and preference for, the sensory properties of ethanol ..

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..These studies will have important ramifications for our understanding of issues relating to women's health during lactation and the effects of early experience with alcohol on infant nutrition, development and later preferences. ..

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