Ronenn Roubenoff

..Data from the present study suggest that patients with rheumatoid arthritis may have higher requirements for vitamin B6 than those in a normal healthy population...

..The low plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels seen in inflammation are unlikely to be due to insufficient intake or excessive vitamin B6 excretion. Possible causes of decreased levels of vitamin B6 are discussed...

..We hypothesized that these factors are independently linked to mortality in community-dwelling older persons...

..This review focuses on recent developments in the field, especially regarding the role of catabolic stimuli in causing sarcopenia...

..To assess the prognostic role of the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in predicting 2-year changes in fat-free mass (FFM) while controlling for potential confounders...

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..These data support the efficacy of combined AA and RT as a countermeasure against muscle wasting due to low gravity...

..Waist and thigh girths, rather than skinfold thicknesses, should be considered for use in longitudinal studies in the elderly because the changes in these girths capture increased abdominal adiposity and sarcopenia, respectively...

..We discuss 2 possible roles for PLP in the inflammatory process, including tryptophan metabolism and serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity...

..057) but not in old men. Our results suggest that aging impairs the adaptive response of human skeletal muscle to eccentric exercise by differential modulation of a discrete set of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes...

..To evaluate the effectiveness of Tai Chi in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms...

..We tested the hypothesis that leptin levels are associated with greater risk of CHF, CVD, and mortality in elderly individuals...

..No association was found for IL-1beta or IL-6 production in these models. CONCLUSION: Women with stable, medically well-controlled RA have lower than normal BCM that is inversely associated with elevated TNF-alpha production...

..04-0.96). No significant associations were observed among intakes of EPA, DHA, EPA+DHA, or fish. These findings suggest dietary ALA may reduce hip fracture risk in women and men and dietary AA may reduce hip fracture risk in men...

..00). Opposing effects of PC DHA on FN-BMD loss observed in women and men need further clarification. Bone loss associated with PC LA may be confounded by BMI. High PC AA concentrations may be associated with reduced hip fracture risk...

..However, these data show that strength training is an exercise modality to consider as an adjunct of standard of care in high risk populations with type 2 diabetes...

..This suggests that surviving fibers compensate to partially correct muscle size deficits in an attempt to maintain optimal force-generating capacity...

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..It is not known which effect predominates in regulating total energy expenditure (TEE), and thus whether the dietary energy requirements of subjects with RA are higher or lower than those of healthy subjects...

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..CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that GH kinetics are unaltered in RA patients compared with healthy subjects; thus, GH deficiency does not account for rheumatoid cachexia...

..Although a vitamin E-vitamin K interaction was proposed to underlie this effect, it has not been systematically investigated in adults with normal baseline coagulation status...

..Systemic inflammation and protein-energy malnutrition may be associated with poor outcomes in kidney disease...

..The improvements in functional performance occurred along with improvements in balance but without a significant change in muscle strength or endurance...

..However, an increase in dietary folate intake could theoretically reduce the effectiveness of the anti-folate medication, methotrexate (MTX) in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases...

..Improved understanding of the interplay of the immune system and metabolism can lead to new treatments for both cachexia and obesity...

..Although the small sample size may have limited the ability to detect metabolic effects on longevity in this study, the general approach may be broadly applicable to examinations of metabolic aging in humans...

..Estimates of body-composition change in older adults are mostly derived from cross-sectional data...

..For both methods performance estimates using cross-validation is similar to performance on independent samples. The method has been implemented in R and is available from the authors upon request: Jadwiga.Bienkowska@biogenidec.com...

..We identified a SNP in moderate linkage disequilibrium (LD) with HLA-DR3, which may influence anti-CCP titer independently of the HLA-SE...

..We analyzed association of gene expression with disease activity, rheumatoid factor (RF), age, sex, disease duration, treatment modality, and clinical response...

..Without a doubt, exercise is an intervention that reliably counteracts the loss of muscle mass, strength, and power common in our increasingly aged, and pervasively sedentary, population...

..Even though weight loss was rare in this cohort of patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy, loss of LBM was common and was driven by catabolic cytokines and not by inadequate dietary intake or hypogonadism...

..Replications of these results in independent and larger data sets clearly are required. We provide a reference list of candidate SNPs (P < 0.01) that can be investigated in future pharmacogenomic studies...

..The adipokine leptin facilitates long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, promotes beta-amyloid clearance, and improves memory function in animal models of aging and Alzheimer disease (AD)...

..The study will be completed by July 2009...

..The purpose of this study was to assess whether these factors confound multiplex-based immunoassays, which are used with increasing frequency to measure cytokine and chemokine analytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...

..Later, cellular adaptations in specific force track closely whole muscle changes...

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..420, P = 0.015 and r = 0.333, P = 0.05, respectively). We suggest that in patients with RA, plasma PLP levels are a better diagnostic indicator of functional vitamin B-6 status than erythrocyte PLP levels...

..However, there is growing excitement among researchers in this field that developments may yield new treatments for muscle wasting in the future...

..In this review, I discuss the potential mechanisms of sarcopenia and some ideas about prevention and treatment...

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..Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish may influence bone health...

..To determine the efficacy of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) on glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes...

..This study demonstrates the facility of using protein mass spectrometry in SF and serum for global discovery and verification of clinically relevant sets of disease biomarkers...

..To estimate the healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States and to examine the effect that a reduced sarcopenia prevalence would have on healthcare expenditures...

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..Our clinical and in vitro data both suggest that reduced free serum testosterone may have a modulatory role in age-dependent changes in zolpidem pharmacokinetics in men...

..An exercise program combined with a moderate-fat, low-glycemic-index, high-fiber diet can reverse several aspects of lipodystrophy, and, until specific treatment is available, should be considered for treatment of lipodystrophy...

..We show that these two SNP associations are statistically independent, are each reproducible in the comparison of our data and WTCCC data, and define risk and protective haplotypes for rheumatoid arthritis at 6q23...

..Although our cross-sectional study design makes the directionality of these relationships unclear, our results suggest at most a relatively minor independent influence of eating behavior constructs on long-term health...

..It is unclear whether cytokine levels can predict the incidence of CHF in asymptomatic individuals...

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..Further studies are warranted to examine the prognostic implications of CRP and related cytokines for CVD in the elderly...

..Even though several gaps remain in our understanding, these observations may be useful in the development of strategies to control protein metabolism and muscle function in different clinical conditions...

..CONCLUSION: Exercise training with heart failure patients alters skeletal muscle morphology by increasing mitochondrial size, with no change in shape. This may enhance oxidative metabolism resulting in an increased exercise tolerance...

..Additional investigations are warranted to confirm these findings...

..Long-term regional body fat outcomes have not been well described in randomized antiretroviral drug trials...

..This report describes the challenges of conducting a complex clinical investigation assessing the effects of anabolic hormones on body composition, physical function, and metabolism during aging...

..These findings suggest that eating behavior has an important role in the prevention of adult-onset obesity and that further studies are warranted...