William D Travis

..Advances in the pathology and computed tomography (CT) of lung adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) have demonstrated important new prognostic features that have led to changes in classification and diagnostic criteria...

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..The American Thoracic Society is a cosponsor of a newly published lung adenocarcinoma classification...

..Histologic criteria are also presented for other tumors...

..Brief reference will be made to other neuroendocrine lung tumors with an overview of the molecular pathogenesis of this spectrum of tumors...

..The diagnosis of SCLC, TC and AC can be made by light microscopy without the need for special tests in most cases, but for LCNEC it is required to demonstrate NE differentiation by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy...

..The elastic layer of the visceral pleura is not mentioned in the current International Union Against Cancer or American Joint Committee on Cancer staging documents...

..TNM staging of carcinoid tumours and small cell carcinoma is also discussed...

..Such an approach should be considered in future studies for validation in other datasets...

..Concern was expressed that NSIP was a "wastebasket" category, difficult to distinguish from other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias...

..The need for every institution to develop a multidisciplinary strategy to obtain these small specimens and process them not only for diagnosis but also for molecular testing is emphasized...

..To review recent advances in pathology and computed tomography (CT) of lung adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC)...

..Given its high correlation with molecular characterization of such tumors, it may provide a much cheaper and faster method to address this problem...

..The slightly stronger association with survival for invasive size versus gross size raises the need for further studies to determine whether this adjustment in measuring tumor size could impact TNM staging for small adenocarcinomas...

..The relative feasibility and accuracy of NSCLC subtyping by small biopsy versus cytology is not well established, particularly in current practice where immunohistochemistry (IHC) is becoming routinely used to aid in this distinction...

..We reviewed our recent experience with the surgical management of thymic tumors and compared the outcomes and patterns of relapse between patients with thymic carcinoma and those with thymoma...

..Here, we report on seven patients in whom epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten-rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) tumor mutation status was used to determine clonal relationships among multiple lung lesions...

..005) after adjusting for clinical factors. We proposed this combined architectural/mitotic grade for lung adenocarcinoma as a practical method that can be applied in routine practice...

..We sought to investigate whether preoperative maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) correlates with histologic subtype in MPM...

..Nuclear grading in epithelioid mesothelioma provides a simple, practical, and cost-effective prognostic tool that better stratifies clinical outcome and time to recurrence than currently available clinicopathologic factors...

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..Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) are aggressive neoplasms with poor prognosis. The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies in these tumors remains uncertain...

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..Therefore, we evaluated cytomorphologic features of previously histologically graded AD to identify features of potential prognostic significance...

..This simple algorithm achieves excellent accuracy in small specimens while conserving the tissue for potential predictive marker testing, which is now an essential consideration in advanced lung cancer specimens...

..65 (95% confidence interval 0.57-0.73). Therefore, this scoring system provides valuable information in discriminating patients with different risk of disease-recurrence in a highly homogeneous population of patients with stage I cancer...

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..Herein, we present clinical, histopathologic, and molecular data on eight such cases...

..Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an uncommon tumor that can be difficult to diagnose...

..However, whether the underlying biology of these tumors warrants such clustering is unclear, and the optimum treatment of either entity is unknown...

..The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the performance of cytologic specimens for the above two goals in a high-volume clinical practice...

..This report describes the pathologic findings of the resected cases. Histopathologic distinctions among atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, and invasive adenocarcinoma are described in detail...

..This first comprehensive review of prognostic immune markers provides a foundation for further investigating immune responses in NSCLC...

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..We sought to determine the effect of perioperative chemotherapy in patients with completely resected sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung...

..We sought to investigate whether histologic subtyping can prognostically stratify patients with epithelioid DMPM...

..Therefore, mutant EGFR could activate the gp130/JAK/STAT3 pathway by means of IL-6 upregulation in primary human lung adenocarcinomas, making this pathway a potential target for cancer treatment...

..This phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy of temozolomide in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC)...

..Although classified as low-grade neoplasms, these tumors have a significant rate of recurrence and distant metastasis...

..We reviewed our experience with multimodality treatment for Masaoka stage IVA thymomas for feasibility and outcomes...

..Clinical suspicion of echinococcal cyst led to treatment via en bloc excision rather than attempting tissue biopsy for diagnosis. Complete resection of the isolated pulmonary amyloidoma was achieved with no evidence of recurrence...

..Decisions are currently made using the Martini and Melamed criteria, which are mostly based on tumor location and histologic type. New genomic tools could improve the ability to assess tumor clonality...

..The latter information is helpful in making the diagnosis of drug toxicity as well as guiding the optimal management of the patient...

..This study explored expression of eIF4E and its relationship with the PTEN/AKT and RAS/MEK/ERK pathways in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)...

..Myoepitheliomas should be considered in the diagnosis of any pulmonary nodule...

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..Localized malignant mesotheliomas should be separated from diffuse malignant mesotheliomas because of their localized presentation, quite different biologic behavior, and far better prognosis...

..The specific profile of the Rb pathway parameters might provide specific therapeutic targets in neuroendocrine lung tumors...

..Between 60,000 and 70,000 responders were exposed. Many reported adverse health effects...

..Patients with no TTF-1 expression or TTF-1 expression and TTF-1 gene amplification tend to have a significantly worse prognosis than patients with TTF-1 expression and no TTF-1 gene amplification...

..This article discusses the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathologic characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of this spectrum of diseases...

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..In March 2009, a novel swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 virus was identified. After global spread, the World Health Organization in June declared the first influenza pandemic in 41 years...

..The TSC1/TSC2 protein-related signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis and may provide novel therapeutic targets for lymphangioleiomyomatosis and diseases associated with TSC1 / TSC2 dysfunction...

..Immunohistochemical studies were important in making such a diagnosis...

..It is rarely the sole major lung biopsy finding in patients presenting with interstitial lung disease (PBM-ILD). Patients are mostly older women, with mild symptoms and CT findings. Survival appears to be favorable...

..AMACR serves as a useful marker in establishing a diagnosis of prostatic malignancy; however, limited information is available in regard to its presence in pulmonary neoplasms...

..Thus, cDNA microarray analysis led to the identification of 2 novel biomarkers that should facilitate molecular diagnosis and further study of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors...

..AIP manifests as diffuse lung consolidation and ground-glass opacity. LIP is associated with a CT pattern of ground-glass opacity sometimes associated with perivascular cysts...

..8% for desmoglein 3-positive cases (P < .001). Desmoglein 3 status indicated a poor prognosis in lung cancers and portends a more aggressive behavior for atypical carcinoid tumors...

..We conclude that dynamic interactions between clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists improve interobserver agreement and diagnostic confidence...

..47; 95% confidence interval 1.29, 4.73; p = 0.006). We conclude that a 6-month change in forced vital capacity gives additional prognostic information to baseline features for patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia...

..To propose changes in the seventh revision of the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification for lung cancer...

..005). We conclude that patients with collagen vascular disease-associated usual interstitial pneumonia have fewer fibroblastic foci and improved survival...

..Our data confirmed the importance of physiological parameters including short-term change in FVC. However, at the time of diagnosis, histopathology was important for the prediction of prognosis and future change in lung function...

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..The need for mechanical ventilation was the only parameter that correlated with prognosis. None of the patients with a subacute clinical course required mechanical ventilation...

..Stage remained the only predictor of prognosis...

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..Patients with usual interstitial pneumonia did not show the same relationship with PAl-1 genotype...

..We conclude that knowledge of desaturation during a 6-minute walk test adds prognostic information for patients with usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia...

..We conclude that CPET uncovers the presence of exercise-induced hypoxemia and assists in grading the severity of disease and determining supplemental oxygen requirements in patients with LAM...

..Finally, hopefully awareness by clinicians and pathologists that sclerosing hemangioma can present as an endobronchial mass will facilitate diagnosis when this rare event occurs...

..Integrating chromosomal mapping information with gene expression profiles may help reveal novel molecular changes associated with human lung cancer...

..We hypothesize that cumulative abnormalities within each and between these pathways would have significant prognostic potential regarding survival...

..Our findings shed further light on several important signalling pathways involved in lung adenocarcinoma, and suggest new molecular targets for treatment...

..Awareness of this severe pneumocyte reaction in the setting of pneumothorax can help to prevent misdiagnosis as malignancy...

..This presentation is unique, showing that peripheral lung tumors of salivary gland type are likely to be metastatic, and careful clinical evaluation is warranted in establishing their primary site of origin...

..The objective of this study was to identify asymptomatic lung disease and potential therapeutic targets in patients having RA and preclinical ILD (RA-ILD)...

..Identification of early, asymptomatic interstitial lung disease (ILD) in populations at risk of developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) may improve the understanding of the natural history of IPF...

..This study documents the absence of HHV-8 in pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, suggesting that further investigation is required to clarify the pathogenesis of this lesion...

..More generally, our results indicate that many of the genes that are involved in lung adenocarcinoma remain to be discovered...

..Considerable confusion exists regarding nomenclature, classification, and management of pediatric diffuse lung diseases due to the relative rarity and differences in the spectrum of disease between adults and young children...

..Treatment and prognoses of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs) varies by diagnosis. Obtaining a uniform diagnosis among observers is difficult...

..Both baseline and annual repeat cases had a high percentage of invasive carcinomas with comparably high rates of resectability, high rates of node negativity and consequently a high proportion of cases in low stage...

..The dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate is similar to that previously described in salivary glands as tumor-associated lymphoid proliferation...

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..011 and P = .015, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that monitoring phosphorylation of Akt at T308 improves the assessment of Akt activation, and show that Akt activation is a poor prognostic factor for all stages of NSCLC...

..However, the agreement between general and pulmonary pathologists in histopathologic diagnosis of ILD has not been established...

..Steroid therapy with cessation of smoking was partially effective, however his disease worsened again and he died three and a half years after the diagnosis because of respiratory failure...

..Telomeres are important for chromosome structure and function, protecting them against degradation. However, few studies have examined telomeres in pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors...

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..However, when present as nodules, LCDD is more frequently associated with an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia or renal failure than is amyloidosis, and therefore the distinction may be clinically important...