Edi Brogi

..Further investigations are required to define the functions of Id4 in the human normal breast and in mammary neoplasia...

..Development of brain metastasis in patients with breast carcinoma correlates with poor outcome. Identification of tumor characteristics associated with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) could help identify patients at risk...

..A pleomorphic variant of invasive lobular carcinoma has also been described. Here, we summarize our evolving knowledge of in situ and invasive lobular neoplasia and highlight the implications for patient management...

..To increase the sensitivity of DL, the number of epithelial cells required for a satisfactory sample should be higher than previously set...

..However, PMP women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) sometimes may experience endometrial shedding. The significance of such a finding has not been investigated in detail...

..The goal of intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) examination is to avoid reoperation for a positive SLN, but the ideal method of intraoperative SLN examination remains unclear, and published results vary widely...

..quot; The differential diagnosis and diagnostic work-up of these lesions is discussed, and their clinical treatment and prognosis briefly summarized...

..Ductal lavage (DL) is a new method for the sampling of breast epithelium. Data regarding its sensitivity in the detection of epithelial abnormalities, including carcinoma in situ (CIS), remains limited...

..This network of endothelial-carcinoma-myeloid signaling interactions provides a mechanism linking chemoresistance and metastasis, with opportunities for intervention...

..There remains variation in the use of radiation therapy (RT) in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), despite prospective randomized trials documenting its benefit in reducing the risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR)...

....

..This type of tumor is strongly estrogen receptor positive and hormonal therapy should be pursued for its management, whereas the benefit of radiation after lumpectomy remains unclear...

..However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal method for pathologic examination of SLN, or the prognostic significance of SLN micrometastases...

..However, they have never been proven to improve survival, and in themselves carry rare but serious risks. Individualized estimation of IBTR risk would assist in decision making regarding the various treatment options for women with DCIS...

..Morphologic identification of ciliated cells and "peg" cells is most helpful to recognize this benign inclusion, and positive immunoreactivity for WT1 and/or PAX8 can be used to support the diagnosis...

..The authors evaluated the clinical characteristics, natural history, and outcomes of patients who had ≤1 cm, lymph node-negative, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)...

....

..Decreasing membranous catenin expression in tandem with increasing levels of TWIST across the spectrum of lobular lesions suggests that CCC dissociation is a progressive process...

..These results shed light on the proliferative mechanisms that initiate metastatic colonization, and they implicate Id1 and Id3 as mediators of this malignant function in the TN subgroup of breast cancers...

....

..Our results document substantial expression of Id4 in most TNBCs, which could result in functional downregulation of BRCA1 pathways in these tumors...

..In a previous study of the relationship between breast density and primary tumor features, we observed a higher mastectomy rate in patients with extremely dense breasts. Here we examine possible reasons for this finding...

..These findings reveal that metastasis-initiating cells need to overcome organ-specific antimetastatic signals in order to undergo reactivation...

..The most prudent approach for the pathologist is to provide sufficient information to prompt a surgical excision without overdiagnosing the lesion, thus placing the patient into the appropriate therapeutic algorithm...

..Here, the authors report findings from 72 consecutive lesions with LN at CNB and prospective surgical excision (EXB)...

..The objective of our study was to determine the frequency of cancer at surgery in breast lesions yielding papilloma at MRI-guided 9-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) and to determine whether any features are associated with cancer upgrade...

..These findings link TNC to pathways that support the fitness of metastasis-initiating breast cancer cells and highlight the relevance of TNC as an extracellular matrix component of the metastatic niche...

..However, several lines of evidence suggest that phenotypic effects may result from BRCA haploinsufficiency...

..We present an alterative working model for cancer development in which subtle reductions in the dose of TSGs predispose to tumorigenesis in a tissue-specific manner...

..The presence of CLS-B may be a biomarker of increased breast cancer risk or poor prognosis...

..In this study, MRI was significantly more sensitive than mammography in DCIS detection. In women with known or suspected DCIS, MRI may have an important role to play in assessing the extent of disease in the breast...

..Breast desmoid tumors are rare and often clinically mistaken for carcinoma. We reviewed our 25-year institutional experience with breast desmoid tumors...

..These results suggest that further refinement of Id1 expression patterns in a variety of tumor types will be necessary to identify and study the functional roles played by Id1 in human neoplastic processes...

..To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of erlotinib plus bevacizumab in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway...

..Accurate identification of the myoepithelium is crucial to avoid misinterpretation as carcinoma. Conservative diagnosis and further histologic evaluation is recommended for these patients...

..This study highlights the importance of integrated targeting of the tumor and its microenvironment and implicates macrophages and cathepsins in blunting chemotherapeutic response...

..Consideration should be given to the possibility of PCTs in patients with breast cancer with pulmonary nodules, even if multiple...

..This finding suggests that hereditary breast carcinoma has a preinvasive phase that may be detectable with aggressive surveillance...

....

....

..Delivery of radiation therapy and chemotherapy is tailored according to the histologic grade, stage of disease, and overall patient condition. This report summarizes the current knowledge reflected in the literature...

....