Peter W F Wilson

..Assessment of global risk is particularly important in lipid management, as the LDL-C target goals are determined by risk category...

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..The objective was to investigate risk for CVD, CHD, and T2DM according to metabolic syndrome traits...

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..Determination of C-reactive protein (CRP) level has been suggested to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. This study examines the utility of CRP levels to assess CVD risk in a community setting...

..The relation between measures of oxidation of lipid particles and cardiovascular disease has not been extensively investigated prospectively on a population basis...

..Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level is a heritable complex trait that predicts incident cardiovascular disease. We investigated the clinical and genetic sources of interindividual variability in serum CRP...

..Clinical trials indicate that a sizable proportion of adults have multiple borderline coronary risk factors and may benefit from treatment...

..It is uncertain to what extent high C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations reflect the presence of inflammatory conditions in the community...

..Hyperhomocysteinaemia is a risk factor for congestive heart failure, especially in women. We investigated if homocysteine promotes left ventricular (LV) remodelling...

..Higher circulating Lp-PLA(2) predicts cardiovascular disease risk, but sources of inter-individual variability are incompletely understood...

..We hypothesized that these factors are independently linked to mortality in community-dwelling older persons...

..Primary hyperaldosteronism is a well-recognized cause of secondary hypertension. It is unknown whether serum aldosterone levels within the physiologic range influence the risk of hypertension...

..AAC appears to be useful for risk stratification in patients at intermediate CHD risk...

..Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide mechanisms to investigate the genetic contributions to biomarker variability unconstrained by current knowledge of physiological relations...

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..We examined relations of plasma total TIMP-1 to cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) structure and function in a community-based sample...

..Patients with this condition of isolated systolic hypertension have been shown to benefit from antihypertensive treatment...

..CONCLUSIONS: Obese individuals have low circulating natriuretic peptide levels, which may contribute to their susceptibility to hypertension and hypertension-related disorders...

..91 (95% CI=0.77, 1.05), respectively. The results suggest that obesity is an independent risk factor in White people, and additional study of body size and disease progression is necessary in the assessment of racial disparities...

..Family history is used to infer the risk for heart disease; however, little is known about the accuracy of family history reports...

..We investigated cross-sectional relations of plasma MMP-9 to vascular risk factors and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) measurements...

..Global risk assessment can identify high-risk overweight candidates for CHD who most urgently need correction of associated risk factors, as well as sustained weight reduction...

..Additional investigations are warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate the basis for these gender-related differences...

..CONCLUSIONS: There is a graded association between CRP and carotid atherosclerosis in women but not in men. The significance of this difference between sexes merits further investigation...

..It is unclear whether cytokine levels can predict the incidence of CHF in asymptomatic individuals...

..Microalbuminuria is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is not known whether genetic factors play a role in the expression of microalbuminuria in population-based samples...

..The possibility of a link between AAC and vascular compliance deserves further study...

..Additional investigations are warranted to confirm these findings...

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..IC incidence has declined since 1950, but mortality has remained high and unchanged. Factors contributing to the declining incidence of IC need clarification...

..1) or death (hazards ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-2.1) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A low ABI is associated with risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack in the elderly. These results need to be confirmed in larger studies...

..Elevated plasma homocysteine levels are associated with increased risk of vascular disease. It is unclear whether elevated homocysteine levels are a risk factor for congestive heart failure (CHF)...

..69, p = 0.01). In conclusion, the Personal HEART score identifies 10-year risk for CHD based on self-report data, is similar in predictive ability to the FRS and European SCORE, and has the potential for easy self-assessment...

..Whereas increased small LDL particle number identified the MetSyn with high sensitivity, a higher small LDL particle number was not associated with greater CVD event rates in people with the MetSyn...

..Despite reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality over the past few decades, it is unclear whether adults with and without diabetes have experienced similar declines in CVD risk...

..Further studies are warranted to examine the prognostic implications of CRP and related cytokines for CVD in the elderly...

..While parental cardiovascular disease (CVD) doubles the risk for CVD in offspring, the extent of increased risk associated with sibling CVD is unclear...

..Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of kidney disease and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the U.S. Whether pre-diabetes is associated with the development of kidney disease is unclear...

..We hypothesized that duration of diabetes is an important predictor of incident CHD among people with diabetes...

..To assess the prognostic role of the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in predicting 2-year changes in fat-free mass (FFM) while controlling for potential confounders...

..Further research is necessary to identify the genes involved in the development of kidney disease and to understand their roles in this complex process...

..Multivariable risk stratification is now recognized as essential in efficiently identifying likely candidates for CVD and quantifying the hazard...

..We sought to estimate heritability of age at natural menopause in women participating in the multigenerational Framingham Heart Study, a community-based epidemiological study...

..We investigated the environmental and genetic sources of interindividual variability in serum aldosterone level in a large, community-based sample...

..S. By any criteria, subjects with the metabolic syndrome are more insulin resistant and at increased predicted risk for CHD versus those without the metabolic syndrome...

..Prior studies were limited by small sample sizes and selection bias and none compared the diagnostic performance of these peptides in men and women...

..We assessed the lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with and without obesity and diabetes...

..Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an inhibitor of calcification in vivo. However, little is known regarding the distribution of circulating MGP and its associations with CHD risk factors or with CAC in humans...

..Given the high prevalence of obesity in the United States, strategies to promote optimal body weight may reduce the population burden of heart failure...

..19, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High CRP levels are associated with increased coronary calcification. Among individuals with elevated CRP, subclinical atherosclerosis may contribute to an increased risk for future cardiovascular events...

..Additional studies are needed to determine the relations of chronic infections to cardiovascular disease risk in younger persons...

..These data support an important role for cholesterol screening in younger patients, and they may help target high-risk patients for lifestyle modification or drug therapy...

..Kidney disease is associated with an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease; however, risk factors for kidney disease have not been well studied...

..We explored the relevance and significance of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a determinant of renal and vascular complications among type 1 diabetic patients...

..Little is known about the heritability of aortic calcification...

..This study examines the effect of age on the association of BMI to CVD in black and white women...

..Estimation of risk for cardiovascular events is a dynamic field, and current approaches will likely be modified as newer information is obtained...

..Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with an increased risk for mortality. We sought to assess the prevalence of PAD and its risk factors in a population-based sample...

..It is unclear whether time-averaged past BP measures incrementally improve CVD risk assessment...

..We hypothesized that diabetic patients would have higher remnant levels than nondiabetic patients...

..Metabolic syndrome increases the risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may be associated with insulin resistance...

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..These data also support further research into genetic determinants of cardiovascular risk...

..To our knowledge, no single investigation concerning the long-term effects of overweight status on the risk for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular sequelae has been reported...

..Studies of newly diagnosed dementia are required in order to establish whether the elevated homocysteine levels precede the onset of dementia or result from dementia-related nutritional and vitamin deficiencies...

..55 points (95% CI, -0.82 to -0.28). In conclusion, high intake of phytoestrogens in postmenopausal women appears to be associated with a favorable metabolic cardiovascular risk profile...

..Toward this end, we believe experts in the fields of epidemiology, prevention, vascular biology, and clinical cardiology should be convened to begin discussing the merits of this proposal...

..We assessed these factors in 18,992 CVD patients within a worldwide registry of stable outpatients...

..We examined whether this differential CHD risk might, in part, be attributable to the sizes of lipoprotein particles or concentrations of lipoprotein subclasses...

..Previous reports have focused on traditional cardiovascular risk factors; less information has been available on the role of overweight and obesity...

..Strategies such as these might enhance screening and prevention programs but require validation. Testing the usefulness of low-cost prediction models in developing regions is the next logical step in carrying this concept forward...

..Elevated PAI-1 levels may be associated with an increased risk for diabetes as a marker for underlying endothelial dysfunction rather than by a direct effect of genetically mediated elevated levels...

..Metabolic risk conferred by adiposity may be due to associated risk factor clustering...

..This offers a novel explanation for the inconsistent findings on cardiovascular disease rate and its relationship to menopausal age and effects of hormone replacement therapy...

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..97; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.05). CONCLUSION: In this large, population-based cohort, baseline and long-term average serum total cholesterol levels were not associated with the risk for incident AD...

..Inflammation (assessed by C-reactive protein [CRP]) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but population-based data are limited...

..Despite this caveat, higher plasma dihydrophylloquinone was associated with higher dihydrophylloquinone intake and higher trans fatty acid intake...

..The interaction does not appear to be mediated through effects on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol...

..Since thrombosis plays an important role in plaque development and acute coronary syndromes, hyperhomocysteinemia may increase risk by increasing the thrombotic potential...

..We sought to determine the clinical factors and heritability associated with inflammation measured as circulating levels of soluble-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in a community-based cohort...

..001). Our results suggest that age and sex modify the contribution of the MTHFR C677T mutation to fasting tHcy concentrations...

..Given that both a high cereal fiber content and lower glycemic index are attributes of whole-grain foods, recommendation to increase whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome...

..CONCLUSION: Increased intakes of whole grains may reduce disease risk by means of favorable effects on metabolic risk factors...

..The reference limits derived from this large, healthy community-based sample will aid in the identification of elevated natriuretic peptide levels in clinical practice...

..CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent than diabetes and a significant independent risk factor for stroke in people without diabetes. Prevention and control of MetS and its components are likely to reduce stroke incidence...

..CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum concentrations of aCLs, independently of other cardiovascular risk factors, significantly predict the risk of future ischemic stroke and TIA in women but not in men...

..Despite these caveats, these findings support the use of a FFQ for a relative assessment of vitamin K status in population-based studies...