JEFFREY BINDER

..Here I describe from a personal perspective some of the events and thought processes leading to the first hypothesis-driven fMRI study of the "resting" state...

..The results indicate functional subdivision of the human lateral temporal cortex and provide a preliminary framework for understanding the cortical processing of speech sounds...

..The aim of this study was to compare hippocampal activation patterns measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during encoding protocols emphasizing either novelty or relational processing...

..The results suggest tuning of this cortical area to letter probabilities as a result of perceptual experience and provide a possible neural correlate for the 'word superiority effect' observed in letter perception research...

..The goal of this study was to determine whether preoperative language mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is useful for predicting which patients are likely to experience verbal memory decline after L-ATL...

..We compared five such protocols in terms of areas activated, extent of activation, and lateralization...

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..The aim of this study was to determine whether language lateralization or functional lateralization in the hippocampus is a better predictor of outcome in this setting...

..Thus, fMRI provides patients and practitioners with a safe, noninvasive, and well-validated tool for making better-informed decisions regarding elective surgery based on a quantitative assessment of cognitive risk...

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..The predictive power of fMRI appears to be at least as good as the Wada memory test, making fMRI a viable noninvasive alternative to the Wada for preoperative assessment...

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..Together with previous imaging studies using semantic task contrasts, the imageability effects are consistent with semantic processing in these brain regions, suggesting that word naming is partly semantically-mediated...

..Because subjects performed the same task throughout, the results are unlikely to be due to task-specific attentional, strategic, or expectancy effects...

..The present results also indicate a link between inferior frontal lobe activation and response-selection processes during auditory perception tasks...

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..A contrast of the reading of regular and irregular past tense forms was consistent with this hypothesis. These results support a single-system account of past tense generation...

..Categorization of highly familiar phonemic patterns is mediated by long-term representations in left mSTS. Results provide new insight regarding the function of ventral and dorsal auditory streams...

..A third, smaller gradient was observed in the lateral posterior aspect of the superior temporal gyrus. The results suggest close homologies between the tonotopic organization of human and nonhuman primate auditory cortex...

..The imaging results provide new information supporting the idea that generators in the right lateral aspect of the STG are implicated in processes of frequency deviant detection, in addition to generators in the right and left STP...

..The results support the view that linguistic understanding of actions partly involves imagery or simulation of actions, and relies on some of the same neural substrate used for planning, performing, and perceiving actions...

..These data will be useful to investigators who wish to develop protocols for clinical assessment or stimuli for functional imaging paradigms aimed at assessing the function of the anterior temporal lobes...

..The results are consistent with a short-term functional reorganization of auditory analysis induced by phonetic experience with sine wave replicas and contingent on the dynamic acoustic structure of speech...

..Thus, interhemispheric dissociation of language functions could explain some cases of discordance on Wada/fMRI language comparisons, particularly when the fMRI measure used is not sensitive to speech production processes...

..1999). The concept that the typical "resting state" is actually a condition characterized by rich cognitive activity has important implications for the design and analysis of neuroimaging studies...

..In contrast, timing long durations without the benefit of linguistic strategies for subdividing counts reduces activity in this circuitry...

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..Specifically, processing of phonetic and lexical-semantic information appears to be very limited in such circumstances, consistent with prior behavioral studies...

..The data indicate a complex spatiotemporal pattern of activity associated with computation of word and sentence-level semantic information, and suggest a particular role for the left angular gyrus in processing overall sentence meaning...

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..The anterior temporal lobe, on the other hand, was relatively insensitive to manipulations of semantic structure, suggesting that syntactic information plays a greater role in driving activation in this area...

..Human left hemisphere cortical areas engaged in complex auditory perception appear to lie on the superior temporal gyrus, the dorsal bank of the superior temporal sulcus, and the lateral third of Heschl's gyrus...

..These results reveal strong effects of task demands on engagement of lexical versus combinatorial processing and suggest a hemispheric dissociation between these levels of semantic representation...

..These data also provide a functional and anatomical explanation for the symptoms of pure auditory agnosia for environmental sounds reported in human lesion studies...

..79, P < 0.05 corrected). As these regions have been implicated in semantic processing and self-referential thought, the findings support the suspension of internal cognitive processing as one mechanism for TID...

..25, p < .05). Individuals with small brains were more likely to demonstrate strong left hemisphere language laterality. These results suggest that language laterality is a multidimensional construct with complex neurological origins...

..These results demonstrate significant advantages of an automated voxel-based measure over a manual measure of planum temporale asymmetry...

..A detailed account of the organization of linguistic processes in this region would greatly aid in understanding and managing the breakdowns in language function that occur in these disorders. ..

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..Their successful completion will lay a firm foundation for use of these techniques to improve the outcome of epilepsy surgery. ..

..In accomplishing these aims, a basis will be established for using FMRI to reduce the morbidity and to increase the effectiveness of epilepsy surgery. ..

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