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..Routine assessment of trauma history and PTSD may assist in the identification of a subgroup of cocaine users in need of special prevention and treatment efforts...

..Accumulating evidence indicates important gender differences in substance use disorders. Little is known, however, about gender differences and opioid use disorders...

..In addition, there is some evidence for a more robust neuroendocrine and physiologic response to acute laboratory stress in women as compared to men...

..Adverse childhood events may lead to an altered view of the environment that contributes to increased irritability with daily life events among cocaine-dependent individuals...

..The findings increase understanding of SUD/PTSD treatment challenges, and may be useful for enhancing therapist training programs, supervision effectiveness, and designing optimal SUD/PTSD interventions...

..Little is known about the sex differences in specific types of aberrant behaviors or sex-specific predictors of such behaviors. The current study is aimed to begin addressing this gap in the literature...

..Elevated levels of stress have been associated with relapse to cocaine; however, the nature of this association is not well understood...

..This study compared correlates, sources and predictors of prescription opioid non-medical use, as well as abuse or dependence among men and women in a nationally-representative sample...

..Physicians with in-depth experience and formal training in research design, development, implementation, statistical analysis, and interpretation of scientific information are rare...

..The findings highlight clinically relevant gender differences and may help enhance the design of gender-sensitive screening and treatment interventions for prescription opioids...

..Although preliminary, the findings suggest that systematic investigation of interventions specifically targeting stress management in individuals with substance use disorders should be undertaken...

..These findings increase awareness of the importance of considering the order of onset and may ultimately lead to treatment improvements for this population...

..Important gender differences, such as reasons for using substances, have been well documented, and it is likely that men and women also differ in their stress response...

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..The findings reveal differences in the neuroendocrine response to the CPT in individuals with PTSD compared to control subjects, and differences in PTSD subjects when examined by age of index trauma...

..This appears to be the first study to report on club drug use in treatment-seeking marijuana-dependent individuals. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed...

..PTSD more often preceded alcohol dependence in women than in men. The results illustrate a number of gender differences that may shed light on etiologic models of comorbid alcohol dependence and PTSD...

..11]). No gender differences were found in ACTH responses to the CUE. The results are reviewed in the context of the existing literature on gender differences in cocaine dependence and potential implications for treatment are discussed...

..The current findings enhance our understanding of the substance-specific profiles of women with PTSD and comorbid substance use disorders and may have important implications for the design of dual-diagnosis interventions...

..D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor agonist, enhances extinction of conditioned fear responding in rodents and facilitates exposure-based learning in humans with anxiety disorders...

..The findings highlight the importance of addressing individual-specific high-risk situations in relapse prevention...

..In this study, the relationship between severe childhood abuse and smoking were examined in a group of adults without significant psychopathology...

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..Individuals with major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, or psychotic or eating disorders were excluded...

..This study examines whether participation in such studies alters drug-seeking behavior and which patient attributes contribute to increased use...

..Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occurs with alcohol use disorders. This study investigated the use of sertraline, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in treating co-occurring symptoms of alcohol dependence and PTSD...

..The results suggest that the TSST results in a greater HPA response than the CPT; however, the CPT may have utility in diagnostically heterogeneous patients...

..The objective of this study was to investigate HPA axis reactivity to the cold pressor task (CPT) among individuals with alcohol dependence, PTSD, and comorbid alcohol dependence and PTSD...

..These findings suggest a need for thorough assessment of sleep symptoms in patients presenting with PTSD or alcohol dependence...

..This study investigated the relationship between subjective and neuroendocrine stress reactivity to the cold pressor task (CPT) and prospective alcohol use among individuals with alcohol dependence, with and without comorbid PTSD...

..The findings highlight the functional relationship between these two disorders and have direct implications for treatment interventions...

..Little is known about the response of cocaine-dependent individuals to CRH administration...

..The findings revealed that women were more likely than men to attend aftercare. This "gender effect" persisted after adjustment for a number of potential mediators...

..Reactivity to cocaine cues was related to daily hassle sensitivity among women only. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed...

..This study also provides some of the first support for cross-national differences in the psychological adjustment of child sexual abuse survivors...

..These results demonstrate that exposure to heroin-paired cues during yohimbine-induced stress greatly potentiates heroin-seeking, and support the simultaneous targeting of both stress and cue activation during relapse intervention...

..Findings do not support commonly held concerns that cash incentives increase the risk of relapse following research participation...

..Careful study of the mechanistic link between stress, PTSD and cocaine dependence will inform existing theoretical models and may improve prevention and intervention efforts for this challenging patient population. ..

..Ultimately, this research is aimed at improving the treatment of individuals with prescription opiate dependence and advancing the health of the nation. ..

..S. military families. ..