R J Spinner

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..The results of this study can be used as basis for developing new nerve repair techniques that may improve the accuracy of regeneration...

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..In our opinion, the unifying articular theory and the principles introduced for intraneural ganglion cysts apply equally to common and rare sites of adventitial cysts...

..While extraneural ganglion cysts are common and well known, intraneural ganglia are rare and misunderstood...

..The discovered portraits will allow scholars to honor accurately the individuals, particularly Beauchêne fils, in the future...

..Additional reports of similar cases and sophisticated biomechanical testing will allow us to delineate the exact mechanisms for these injury patterns...

..Considered with a modern perspective, this historical case solidifies the articular (synovial) origin for these unusual intraneural cysts, a finding that has important treatment implications...

..Additional work is needed to be done to correlate these anatomic findings with magnetic resonance imaging and surgical pathology...

..Recent recognition of this fact has proven to be significant in reducing recurrences and improving treatment outcomes for patients. The authors present a stepwise method of assessing and treating peroneal intraneural ganglion cysts...

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..The purpose of this report is to clarify historical misconceptions regarding the pathogenesis of this controversial entity...

..Understanding these pitfalls reinforces the rationale behind current treatment recommendations as outlined in the companion article. Avoiding these pitfalls will ultimately improve outcomes...

..Additionally they provide the operative, histological, and imaging findings...

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..Misdiagnosis leads to incomplete treatment in that the articular branch connection may not be addressed, which can result in cyst recurrences...

..To introduce the clinical entity of an intraneural ganglion cyst coexisting with a vascular adventitial cyst arising from the same joint...

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..Understanding the pathogenesis for cyst formation will improve surgical management and outcomes. We have adapted this 3D technique to enhance the visualization of cysts occurring at other joints...

..Atypical features, which occasionally are observed, have offered an opportunity to verify further and expand on the authors' proposed theory...

..The latter finding supports the suggestion that these were two different clonal neoplasms, and is consistent with a collision tumor pattern...

..These observations would not only be consistent with, but would extend previous evidence in support of, the unifying articular (synovial) theory...

..The significant accomplishments of Edmé François Chauvot de Beauchêne (Beauchêne fils or Beauchêne son) in medicine have been overshadowed by those of his distinguished father and should be fully recognized...

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..Recent research has resulted in an improved understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of intraneural ganglia, particularly with respect to the most common form, the peroneal nerve at the fibular neck region...

..The purpose of this report is not only to clarify the pathogenesis of these cysts, but also to discuss their treatment based on modern concepts of intraneural ganglia...

..This article describes the ongoing process of critically analyzing and challenging previous observations and evidence in an effort to prove a concept and a theory...

..The authors describe their experience in a series of cases of intraneural ganglia within the hip and pelvic regions, and explain the mechanism of formation and propagation of this pathological entity...

..Tibial intraneural ganglia occurring in the popliteal fossa are often misdiagnosed because of their relative rarity. Their joint connection is typically not recognized and therefore not treated, leading to recurrence...

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..The aim of this study is to exploit the normal nature of peroneal nerve anatomy to identify constant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns in peroneal intraneural ganglia...

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..MR arthrography with delayed imaging should be considered in cases of intraneural ganglia when a joint connection is not obvious on MRI...

..By avoiding often unnecessary complications, patients and surgeons can be rewarded with better outcomes...

..An unusual case is presented in which a major peripheral nerve was compressed extrinsically by a schwannoma derived from a minor en passant triceps nerve branch...

..Failure to recognize concurrent dislocation of the ulnar nerve and the medial head of the triceps can result in persistent, symptomatic snapping after an otherwise successful transposition of the ulnar nerve...

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..This article traces neurosurgery at the Mayo Clinic, including several persons who contributed to its achievements over the past century...

..During surgery the patient was found to have a rare variation in anatomical structures, in which the peroneal nerve was displaced by the piriformis muscle. Surgical decompression did not alleviate the patient's symptoms...

..Moreover, Saturday, lead, carousing, and alcohol are associated with each other through their connection to Saturn, the Roman god of agriculture, which encourages the association of the two syndromes with one another...

..The pathogenesis of JFCs in unusual locations has remained obscure. The authors hypothesize that all JFCs, including atypical ones, are joint derived...

..The authors of this paper will establish unrecognized dislocation (snapping) of the medial portion of the triceps as a preventable cause of failed ulnar nerve transposition...

..Treatment should aim to restore normal triceps biomechanics with soft tissue or bony procedures...

..We believe that these patients with isolated EDC nerve palsy may have sustained an iatrogenic injury to EDC motor branches, distal to the supinator rather than to a PIN fascicle near the proximal supinator...

..The probable etiology of tumor spreading along prostatic nerves into the lumbosacral plexus (i.e., perineural spread) is discussed as are the potential mechanisms for this unusual mode of cancer dissemination...

..Transposition of the ulnar nerve can be performed for ulnar nerve symptoms and/or ulnar nerve instability. Using this approach, correction of the snapping and/or ulnar nerve symptoms was achieved in all cases...

..This study was designed to critically analyze the literature and to test the hypothesis that intraneural ganglia of the upper limb act analogously to those in the lower limb, being derived from an articular source (synovial theory)...

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..We conclude that it is possible to conduct minimally invasive electrophysiologic testing in rat forelimbs. The CMAP is a valid parameter that shows the typical time course of nerve regeneration and reinnervation...

..More reliable results are obtained when a single FFMT is performed for a single function...

..This study confirms the anatomical feasibility of direct nerve transfer using nerves to toe-flexor muscles as a treatment option to restore ankle dorsiflexion in cases of common fibular nerve injury...

..We present 3 patients with fractures of the supracondylar process and review 12 other cases in the literature. The supracondylar process has potential for fracture and important neurovascular sequelae...

..Preoperative and postoperative physical and electrodiagnostic examination results correlated in 9 of the 10 patients...

..These exceptionally intact examples of neuritis ossificans underscore its resemblance to myositis ossificans. Nerve-sparing resection of such masses is not always possible...

..To compare the muscle activation pattern in subjects with and without "snapping triceps syndrome" (dislocation of the medial head of the triceps and ulnar nerve over the medial epicondyle)...

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..Axon regeneration was demonstrated by three-dimensional reconstruction of serial histological sections...

..This paper presents the first known neurological complication due to the chondroepitrochlearis muscle...

..This condition is in many ways analogous to its counterpart at the medial aspect of the elbow, snapping of the medial head of the triceps, a clinical entity that is being increasingly recognized...

..A patient is reported with a lesion of the radial branch of the superficial radial nerve following opposition transfer. The ring finger flexor digitorum superficialis slip was responsible for the neural compression near its thumb insertion...

..Surgical exploration is indicated if there is no clinical or electromyographic improvement in three to four months after the onset of symptoms...

..Although a rare condition, BML should be considered in the differential diagnosis of NF and in patients having a history of uterine leiomyoma. The remarkable, selective involvement of the brachial plexus in this case is unexplained...

..With high-resolution imaging techniques targeted fascicular biopsy can be planned to improve diagnostic yield and decrease the risk of surgically sampling primary nerve pathology...

..Malignant cranial nerve sheath tumors are rare and are associated with the same poor prognosis as those of spinal nerves at other sites...

..Because intensive evaluation is needed for diagnosis, intraneural perineurioma is probably under-recognized...

..An uneventful postoperative recovery was noted in both patients. Glomus tumors and glomangiomas can involve major nerves on rare occasions. They seem to follow a favorable clinical course, and conservative resection can be of benefit...

..Spontaneous recovery was documented on serial clinical and electrodiagnostic examinations. The patient's neuropathic pain improved significantly within 6 months and his neurologic function recovered nearly fully by 2 years...

..Few data exist regarding the outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for pelvic tumors of neurogenic origin. Our aim was to characterize the clinical and pathologic features of pelvic neurogenic tumors and assess surgical outcomes...

..Adequate exposure and delineation of the pathology will allow for accurate treatment of the brachial plexus lesion(s)...

..This study was designed to determine if there are clinical measures that distinguish CPN caused by IG from CPN without a clear proximate cause...

..To determine the specific type of amyloid from nerve biopsies using laser microdissection (LMD) and mass spectrometric (MS)-based proteomic analysis...

..Future studies are needed to quantify and minimize this complication. Nevertheless, it should be weighed against the potential functional benefit from using nerve allografts...

..The primary pathophysiology is unknown but the inflammation and response to treatment suggests that there may be an immune component...

..They believe that the traumatic dural diverticula in these cases may be a potential source of bleeding. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of SS is important to develop more suitable therapies...

..The finding of cyst extension within a muscle end-organ branch seems likely to explain, in part, the characteristic clinical finding of preferential foot drop in patients with fibular intraneural ganglia...

..The changes occur during the period of development and ossification of the spinous process of the ischium...

..This study evaluated students' familiarity with Latin and Greek etymologies before and after a gross anatomy course that incorporated etymologies into its curriculum...

..In our clinical experience, we found VIPR to be superior to conventional MR techniques in detecting and depicting joint connections in typical and atypical ganglion cysts around the knee...

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..Definitive recommendations regarding surgery and adjuvant therapies await additional reports and long-term follow-up. The literature is reviewed and a meta-analysis is performed with respect to clinicopathologic features versus outcome...

..It is unknown if double nerve transfer to the biceps and brachialis nerve branches results in greater strength than single nerve transfer to the biceps branch alone...

..Cubitus varus has long been considered merely a cosmetic deformity. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a causal relationship between cubitus varus and instability of the elbow...

..The objective of this study was to examine the surgical methods that may be used to assess the factors that influence the level of scar and cystic formation in SCI...

..The limited literature and experience among other cases is described...

..To knowledge, our report is the first clinically relevant description of this underrecognized, but relatively common anatomic variation...

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..We describe a case in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used in the preoperative assessment of a mass in the proximal forearm with a clinical diagnosis of partial posterior interosseous nerve compression...

..This surgical approach and technique permits direct nerve repair after resection of a focal neuroma in the retroclavicular or infraclavicular region, thus avoiding interpositional grafting, and improving outcomes...

..To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a conventional schwannoma contiguous with a deep plexiform schwannoma...

..The guiding principles relating to the presence of an extraneural versus an intraneural ganglion are developed. An example of a posterior tibial intraneural ganglion is presented...

..2D digital video ankle motion analysis is a practical and sensitive method to assess function in the rat sciatic nerve model...