B W Scheithauer

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..Variable MGMT reactivity suggests an incomplete response to temozolomide therapy. Literature regarding similar morphologically complex, infantile, Cushing disease-associated lesions is briefly reviewed...

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..Histochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies revealed neither fungi nor tubercle bacilli. We suggest that tumoral production of an as yet uncharacterized antigen may have induced the granulomatous inflammatory reaction...

..Definitive recommendations regarding surgery and adjuvant therapies await additional reports and long-term follow-up. The literature is reviewed and a meta-analysis is performed with respect to clinicopathologic features versus outcome...

..Recent studies have only begun to shed light on the probable mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. A review of the clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of pituitary carcinomas is presented...

..No staining of thyroid-stimulating hormone adenomas was noted. The physiologic significance of our findings remains to be explored. The literature regarding AR expression in animal and human pituitaries is reviewed...

..An uneventful postoperative recovery was noted in both patients. Glomus tumors and glomangiomas can involve major nerves on rare occasions. They seem to follow a favorable clinical course, and conservative resection can be of benefit...

..The morphologic and immunohistochemical features of the tumor are presented, cytogenetic considerations are discussed, and literature regarding neuronal lesions of the pituitary gland is reviewed...

..These issues and others are the substance of this and an upcoming companion article...

..The literature is reviewed and concepts of histogenesis are explored, particularly an origin in "ependymal pituicytes." The concept that sellar ependymoma is pituicyte-derived is explored...

..Its occurrence in the posterior fossa and association with the fourth ventricle is stereotypical and a feature of all reported cases...

..Subtotal resection and radiosurgery proved to be efficacious. The spectrum of primary sellar region sarcomas is summarized...

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..Malignant cranial nerve sheath tumors are rare and are associated with the same poor prognosis as those of spinal nerves at other sites...

..Four versions of its Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System have been published. The present work chronicles their progress, placing emphasis on the historical context of the earliest effort...

..The latter alterations, having been reported in astroblastoma, were noted in both tumor components, thus confirming the common origin of the glial and sarcomatous elements...

..At present, there are no established criteria for the treatment of this rare lesion...

..The literature regarding thyrotropin carcinomas is reviewed. Based on the study of several biopsies during disease progression, we believe that the carcinoma originated de novo without an intermediary adenoma phase...

..The testes are small, blood testosterone levels are low, and blood gonadotropin levels are elevated. Pituitary changes in patients with Klinefelter syndrome have not been evaluated in detail...

..We conclude that 1) distinct genetic subsets are identifiable by FISH in morphologically ambiguous gliomas, and 2) both histological grading and molecular analysis yield prognostically useful information...

..Despite the diagnostic utility of electron microscopy in the assessment of these rare tumors, the distinction of pituitary carcinoma from pituitary adenoma cannot be firmly made on ultrastructural grounds alone...

..0004 with an exact test). We conclude that EGFR amplification is associated with a small cell phenotype in GBMs and that SCGBMs are an important component of "primary" GBMs...

..The lack of morphologic similarity between the 2 adenomas indicatesthat pituitary tumors in patients with Carney complex may not exhibit the same phenotype...

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..The mechanisms underlying simultaneous adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin excess are discussed...

..The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical and pathological features of pituitary disease in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, Type I (MEN I) and to assess the prognosis...

..Further studies are needed to map the 17q23 amplicon to determine whether additional genes in this region are amplified in high-grade meningiomas...

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..When compared to long-term follow-up, neither this parameter nor ploidy correlated with tumor size or invasiveness. Lastly, long-term follow-up showed ploidy to be an unreliable predictor of tumor persistence or recurrence...

..We also review studies indicating the increasingly important roles of p27, other CDKIs, and cyclins in endocrine cell hyperplasia and tumor development...

..02). CONCLUSION: Adult patients with FCD may be candidates for surgical treatment of intractable partial epilepsy. Most individuals have neocortical, extrahippocampal seizures and approximately 50% of patients are rendered seizure-free...

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..Given its role in pituitary tumor cell proliferation and in apoptosis, galectin-3 may be a target for the treatment of aggressive pituitary tumors...

..High-grade gliomas featuring giant cells, often demonstrate immunoreactivity for neuronal markers, a finding prognostically significant according to some studies. We investigated this event in glioblastomas (GBM)...

..The peripheral plasma immunoreactive GHRH concentration remained unaffected by pharmacological and surgical interventions. We suspect that a congenital hypothalamic regulatory defect may be responsible for the GHRH excess in this case...

..These data suggest that in neuroendocrine cells myosin XVA may have a role in secretory granule movement and/or secretion...

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..These proteins are activated by tyrosine-phosphorylation in anterior pituitary cells. The various steps in pituitary leptin signal transduction remain to be elucidated...

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..Termed "tumefactive demyelination" it often prompts a brain biopsy...

..De novo malignancy in odontogenic tumors of the sella is even more unusual, but also has an ominous prognosis...

..6 months). Two patients died postoperatively, and one was alive at 51 months. Granular cell astrocytoma is an uncommon morphologic variant that appears to be rapidly progressive and usually fatal...

..Our study found few factors independently associated with cause specific-survival among morphological parameters. These findings are consistent with the present WHO stratification of oligodendrogliomas into low- and high-grade variants...

..Thus, the majority of EVNs are well differentiated and appear unlikely to recur after gross total resection. Subtotal resection, atypical histologic features, and high cell proliferation rates correlate with recurrence...

..Report of four cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1998;22:231-8). They further suggest that rhabdoid meningiomas are highly aggressive tumors and that the rhabdoid phenotype represents a marker of malignant transformation in meningiomas...

..In summary, the data indicate that measuring glycosyltransferase mRNA levels by real-time PCR may be clinically useful for determining both diagnosis and prognosis in GBM patients...

..From time of recurrence, OS was not significantly different for those with primary versus secondary GBM, and it may thus be reasonable include patients with secondary GBM in clinical therapeutic trials for recurrent disease...

..This represents the second report of a plurihormonal gonadotroph adenoma producing sufficient ACTH to result in pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease...

..It is solid in architecture, composed of spindle cells and presumably derived from pituicytes. Pituicytomas are indolent tumours, and are designated WHO grade I...

..Consequently, our findings suggest that the genetic events that underlie PXA formation differ from those involved in diffuse astrocytoma...

..Although increased awareness of this broad spectrum may obviate need for biopsy in many circumstances, an important role for diagnostic brain biopsy may be required in some cases...

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..If so, their derivation may be from multipotential cells of the neural plate...

..By morphology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure, the crystals resembled tyrosine-rich crystals occurring in salivary gland tumors. This is the first report of a fibrous meningioma containing tyrosine-rich crystals...

..We report the clinicopathologic features of a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) having undergone malignant transformation and being intimately associated with a WHO Grade II astrocytoma...

..Furthermore, 14q FISH analysis may aid in assessing recurrence risk in histologically benign meningiomas...

..Although a rare condition, BML should be considered in the differential diagnosis of NF and in patients having a history of uterine leiomyoma. The remarkable, selective involvement of the brachial plexus in this case is unexplained...

..The use of ACTH and Gal-3 immunostaining should help in the diagnosis of silent ACTH adenomas...

..These features may lead to a misdiagnosis of malignancy, which could result in harmful overtreatment...

..The differential diagnosis of melanotic lesions of the CPA is discussed as are the prognostic implications of each diagnosis...

..METHODS AND MATErials: The data from 45 patients with central neurocytomas diagnosed between 1971 and 2003 were retrospectively evaluated. Various combinations of surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy had been used for treatment...

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..Inhibition of Gal-3 gene expression by RNA interference decreased HP75 cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These results indicate that Gal-3 has an important role in pituitary cell proliferation and tumor progression...

..The observed lack of or low-level expression of MGMT by this distinctive, clinically aggressive form of pituitary adenoma suggests potential efficacy of treatment with the alkylating agent temozolomide...

..The presence of a myoepithelial cell layer, surrounding some of the acini and highlighted by the smooth muscle actin immunostain, strengthened this interpretation...

..We reviewed our surgical experience with residual malignant pineal germ cell tumors after neoadjuvant therapy...

..The association of DNET and CPNA has not been previously reported. The literature relevant to these two seizure-associated lesions is reviewed...

..Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids produced rapid and nearly complete resolution of the dementia...

..This analysis was performed to examine the outcome of adult and pediatric patients with brainstem tumors...

..This analysis was performed to examine the outcome of patients with histologically confirmed ependymomas of the brain or spinal cord who received postoperative radiotherapy...

..In summary, PA with anaplastic features exhibits a spectrum of morphologies and is associated with decreased survival when compared with typical PA...

..Hemorrhage associated with pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) is only sporadically reported. The authors report on a series of patients in whom PAs presenting as hemorrhages prompted them to examine the incidence of bleeding in these tumors...

..Additionally they provide the operative, histological, and imaging findings...

..Additional work is needed to be done to correlate these anatomic findings with magnetic resonance imaging and surgical pathology...

..This article describes the ongoing process of critically analyzing and challenging previous observations and evidence in an effort to prove a concept and a theory...

..The purpose of this report is to clarify historical misconceptions regarding the pathogenesis of this controversial entity...

..These findings highlight the diverse gene networks and pathways through which TGFbeta operates in its effects on pituitary tumor cells...

..The latter finding supports the suggestion that these were two different clonal neoplasms, and is consistent with a collision tumor pattern...

..LC-MS/MS represents a novel application for characterization of these deposits and is of diagnostic utility in addition to standard immunohistochemical analyses...

..The unique combination of an ependymoma with marked reactive gliosis and a calcifying pseudoneoplasm supports the reactive nature of the latter...

..The primary pathophysiology is unknown but the inflammation and response to treatment suggests that there may be an immune component...

..5 to 5.5 years after first resection. These results suggest that 1p19q loss and t(1;19) occur in a subset of EVN, and may be associated with aggressive histology in these tumors...

..To identify the prognostic factors for spinal cord astrocytoma and determine the effects of surgery and radiotherapy on outcome...

..Although rare, ependymal neoplasms must be included among the gliomas prone to undergo sarcomatous change and we propose the term "ependymosarcoma" for these tumors...

..Anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (AOA) are relatively uncommon high-grade gliomas. While oligodendroglial elements are thought to be associated with better outcomes, the magnitude of the difference is not clear...

..These results indicate that the LGALS3, hASH1, ID2, and TLE-4 genes may have important roles in the development of pituitary carcinomas...

..Optic nerve choristoma is a rare lesion composed of adipose tissue and smooth muscle involving the optic nerve. Few cases have been reported...

..In summary, we have identified a molecular signature that distinguishes NF1-PA from S-PA and found that ALDH1L1 underexpression is associated with aggressive histology and/or biologic behavior...

..Our results do not support the hypothesis of a familial aggregation of glioma indicative of a glioma susceptibility gene...

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..To report a series of cases of surgically resected granular cell tumors in an attempt to better characterize their clinical presentation, imaging features, and treatment outcomes with attention to previously published literature...

..Spinal meningiomas occurring in younger patients may be more aggressive, with a worse prognosis. The authors present their 21-year experience with spinal meningiomas in patients younger than 50 years of age...

..These results indicate that activated epidermal growth factor receptor is expressed in pituitary adenomas and carcinomas. Higher levels in pituitary carcinomas suggest a role in pituitary tumor progression...

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..The authors reviewed the Mayo Clinic experience with the treatment of hemangiopericytoma in the primary central nervous system (CNS)...

..Temsirolimus (CCI-779) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and represents a rational therapeutic target against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)...

..We found no evidence that the former is a precursor of the latter...

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