V M Miller

..This report summarizes these proceedings, recommendations, and action items from the workshop...

..Research into specific sex differences for these disease processes with attention to an individual's sex chromosomal complement and hormonal status is important and timely...

..51, P value = 2.51 × 10(-04)) associated negatively; none remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. Whether these SNPs associate with CIMT and CAC in women randomized to MHT remains to be determined...

..Sex and gender differences exist in the manifestation and prevalence of many conditions and diseases. Yet many clinician training programs neglect to integrate this information across their curricula...

..abstract:..

..These cellular changes may explain in part how menopause contributes to MS and, eventually, to cardiovascular disease...

..Although consensus opinions are emphasized, controversial views are presented to stimulate future research...

..These results provide proof of principal that estradiol modulates responses of endothelial cells to vasoactive stimuli through changes in regulation of intracellular calcium...

..Therefore, deletion of betaER is associated with specific platelet functions, which are expressed only with age-associated reproductive senescence...

..KEEPS will provide information relevant to the critical timing hypothesis for MHT use in reducing risk for CVD...

..Although exogenous estrogenic therapies increase the risk of thrombosis, the effects of estrogen on formed elements of blood are uncertain...

..e. adhesion, aggregation, secretion and thrombin production) in individuals with documented hormonal status are needed to better understand how hormonal changes associated with ageing impact thrombotic risk...

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..Therefore, nanometer-scale particles similar to those described as nanobacteria isolated from geological specimens and human kidney stones can be visualized in and cultured from calcified human cardiovascular tissue...

..Therefore, endogenous hormonal status could present a confounding factor in the assessment of endothelial function...

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..Since platelet aggregation and secretory processes participate in normal hemostasis, thrombosis and vascular remodeling, experiments were designed to determine if these biologic NPs alter specific platelet functions in vitro...

..In this era of personalized medicine, basic research into mechanisms of sex differences in vascular function will result in improved prevention, detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease in both men and women...

..This complex relationship of duration and dose of nicotine treatment may explain, in part, discrepancies in effects of nicotine on endothelium-dependent responses...

..Furthermore, there are gender differences in platelets in the release of cyclo-oxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid and 5-HT. These products could contribute to gender differences in response to injury in the coronary circulation...

..Experiments were to characterize pharmacologically adrenergic receptors in human varicose veins to the natural transmitter norepinephrine and to an extract of Ruscus...

..To identify the type of prostanoids produced by endothelial cells of trout aorta and to determine whether or not the smooth muscle responds to nitric oxide...

..abstract:..

..In addition, products of cyclooxygenase may reduce endothelium-dependent relaxations in veins...

..A factor dissimilar to nitric oxide but acting like sodium nitroprusside may be released by the endothelium of canine systemic veins...

..The relative contribution of nitric oxide and K(+) channels as mechanisms involved in relaxations to 17beta-estradiol in femoral veins is modulated by ovarian status...

..eNOS gene transfer to pulmonary allografts results in a functionally active transgene product and increased NO production. Increasing NO from eNOS does not affect histogically identified acute rejection...

..We conclude that in a BDL model of portal hypertension where distortion of hepatic architecture by fibrosis is minimal, increased resistance to portal blood flow may be mediated by ET-1...

..Therefore, dietary supplementation with L -arginine may not improve long-term functions of flow-restricted peripheral bypass grafts...

..This study tested the hypothesis that digital tonometry, as a surrogate of endothelial function, is useful to stratify cardiovascular risk in recently menopausal women who are asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease...

..Higher levels of PDGF(BB) in platelets in synergy with other platelet-derived products could contribute to increased proliferative arterial response to injury after ovariectomy...

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..A marker of these modulatory activities is formation of cell-specific microparticles. This study examined the relationship between blood-borne microparticles and endogenous estrogen at menopause...

..Gender associated inhibition of smooth muscle proliferation by endothelin-1 may contribute, in part, to cardioprotection noted in estrogen-replete states...

..These investigations support the concept of release of multiple endothelium-derived factors in response to acetylcholine- and bradykinin-receptor stimulation in endothelial cells, which may include CNP, as well as NO...

..These differences reflect transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of protein synthesis in bone marrow megakaryocytes and circulating platelets...

..The persistence of the effect 1 wk after the injection suggests that the changes reflect an action of LPS on megakaryocytes and their platelet progeny rather than on circulating platelets, which would have been cleared...

..Experimental hypercholesterolemia is associated with an increase in coronary vasoconstrictor response to endothelin-1 in vivo, although the relative contributions of subtypes of endothelin receptor in this model remain unknown...

..Concomitant changes in these parameters may reduce the risk for arterial disease while altering the threshold for thrombotic events...

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..These data suggest that endothelium-dependent relaxations in canine femoral veins are mediated by factor(s) that are partly dependent on calmodulin or NADPH as cofactors for their production or release...

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..This preliminary study demonstrates that a collagen-based xenogeneic biomaterial provides a scaffold for cellularization when used for arterial reconstruction in dogs...

..These observations provide evidence on which clinical studies could be designed to examine platelet characteristics in human children and young adults...

..In conclusion, the systemic administration of planktonic forms of human-derived NPs exacerbated arterial response to injury distinct from that of bovine-derived NPs and other inflammatory agents...

..These studies provide the rationale for evaluation of interactions among platelets and TF and TFPI expression on thrombin generation during estrogen treatment in humans...

..Therefore, the characterization of platelet and endothelial microparticles may identify early menopausal women with premature CAC who would not otherwise be identified by the usual risk factor analysis...

..Increased platelet aggregation and activity of MMP-2 would alter platelet-platelet and platelet-vessel wall interactions, contributing to an exaggerated response to injury with loss of ovarian hormones...

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..Studies are needed to further evaluate how hormonal treatments and drugs used to modulate adrenergic and serotonergic activity affect progression and risk for cardiovascular disease in men and women...

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..In addition, endothelium-derived inhibitory cyclooxygenase products seem to predominate in juveniles...

..These results suggest that ovarian hormones influence expression of estrogen receptors and eNOS in platelets. Changes in estrogen receptors and NOS could affect platelet aggregation in response to hormone replacement...

..Three clinically relevant estrogen treatments restore plasma NO after ovariectomy, but do not affect eNOS mRNA, posttranslational regulation of eNOS or expression of estrogen receptors in the same way...

..In late stages of cirrhosis, ET-1 may not modulate resistance. We speculate that vascular resistance in late stages of cirrhosis probably results from distortion of hepatic architecture...

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..This review evaluates the current evidence regarding nanoparticles as causal to disease and emphasizes the need for additional research to further elucidate their role in human stone formation...

..Whether nitric oxide or potassium channel activation contributes to relaxations by raloxifene may depend on ovarian hormonal status of the animal...

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..In conclusion, E(2) slows differentiation of VSMC induced by excess phosphate. Effectiveness of raloxifene to preserve expression of bone cell-associated proteins depends on the hormonal status of the tissue donor...

..These differences, if found in humans, may contribute to varying degrees of thrombotic risk with the SERM compared to the natural hormone...

..We therefore examined AR, ER alpha, and ER beta expression as a function of key components of atherosclerosis, namely plaque and calcium area, in male human coronary arteries...

..This study offers the first evidence that there may be a causal relationship between human-derived nanoparticles and response to injury including calcification in arteries with damaged endothelium...

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..CONCLUSION: Local expression of immunomodulatory proteins can be achieved within lung allografts by intrabronchial delivery of adenoviral vector but may not significantly modify acute rejection...

..At maturity, plasma NO is reduced and sensitivity of the smooth muscle to exogenous NO is increased. Posttranscriptional regulation of eNOS protein may explain differences in NO bioavailability in juvenile pigs...

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..Experiments were designed to identify infectious pathogens in human aneurysms and to characterize biofilm formed by calcified human arterial-derived nanoparticles...

..Increased relaxations to bradykinin may be beneficial in lowering vascular resistance when transgenic organs are used for xenotransplantation...

..Such information could help to develop better diagnostic and therapeutic targets to improve outcome when grafts become infected...

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..In this study, we examined coronary artery ERalpha and ERbeta expression in pre- and postmenopausal women as a function of plaque area, calcium area, calcium-to-plaque ratio, and estrogen status...

..Besides the role of estrogen there are many gaps of knowledge about issues specific to women and stroke...

..To address this controversy, the use of techniques capable of characterizing the organic and mineral content of these self-replicated structures at the submicrometer scale would be beneficial...

..Thus, results will identify which women could benefit most with the least harm from hormone use in early menopause. ..

..The experiments of this proposal take such an approach using molecular to integrated whole animal physiology. ..

..Thus, results will identify which women could benefit most with the least harm from hormone use in early menopause. ..