L J Melton

..Adjusting for age, sex, and precipitating cause, the relative risk of death was increased following fractures at most skeletal sites...

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..e., absence of contamination) of patient-level randomization (vs. cluster randomization) in pilot trials of decision aid efficacy...

..The specific formula for this bone strength surrogate (-555.2 + 8.1 × [trabecular vBMD] + 19.6 × [cortical area] + 4.2 × [total cross-sectional area]) should be validated and tested in fracture risk assessment...

..These observations emphasize the difficulties involved in attempts to standardize BMD scores and definitions of osteoporosis for clinical use...

..Approaches for recognizing vertebral fractures remain controversial...

..Thus significantly impaired bone density, structure, and strength compared with controls indicate that many grade 1 deformities do represent early osteoporotic fractures, with corresponding implications for clinical decision making...

..To assess long-term fracture risk after hysterectomy, with or without oophorectomy...

..To determine whether women with pelvic endometriosis are at increased fracture risk...

..Patients and their caretakers need to be aware of the risk of fracture from falls, particularly when moderate impairment permits the patient to be independently mobile...

..Vertebral augmentation may be able to help many of these patients, although opportunities exist to optimize management strategies with respect to the other factors that influence long-term outcomes in this patient population...

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..The decline in hip fracture incidence is now accompanied by a further reduction in the likelihood of a recurrent hip fracture among survivors of the first fracture...

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..Elevated areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus is inconsistent with increased fracture risk at some skeletal sites...

..Because of the strong correlations, however, some judgment can be used in selecting the variables easiest to measure...

..To systematically study the association of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) with all diseases in a population-based cohort of 17,398 patients, all of whom were uniformly tested for the presence or absence of MGUS...

..These findings indicate a need for culturally sensitive educational interventions for Southeast Asians and for physicians to pursue diagnosis and treatment to prevent osteoporosis-related disabilities in this population...

..We studied the association of oophorectomy performed before the onset of menopause with the risk of subsequent cognitive impairment or dementia...

..The appropriate duration of oral anticoagulation after a first episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncertain and depends upon VTE recurrence rates...

..These studies suggest that in contrast to traditional belief, age-related bone loss may be the result of E deficiency not just in postmenopausal women, but also in men...

..This finding emphasizes the need for accurate identification of hospitalized patients at risk for venous thromboembolism and a better understanding of the mechanisms involved so that safe and effective prophylaxis can be implemented...

..This subset of men is perhaps most likely to benefit from preventive therapy...

..To reduce venous thromboembolism incidence, improve survival, and prevent recurrence and complications, patients with these characteristics should receive appropriate prophylaxis...

..Outcomes of undiagnosed celiac disease (CD) are unclear. We evaluated the morbidity and mortality of undiagnosed CD in a population-based sample of individuals 50 years of age and older...

..Clarification of the cause-and-effect relationships and the mechanisms of these associations require further investigation...

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..Collectively then, these findings indicate that estrogen plays a dominant role in regulating the male skeleton...

..In men, measurement of serum testosterone and estradiol levels with immunoassays correlated with mass spectroscopic measurements, and correlations of sex steroids with volumetric bone mineral density were similar...

..This study investigates temporal trends in the prevalence and incidence of persistent proteinuria among people with adult-onset diabetes (age > or =40 years)...

..However, the incidence of right-sided cancer remains unaltered and might be less affected by historically used screening interventions. Most CRCs still present symptomatically, and more effective population screening is needed...

..3; 95% CI, 0.9-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Both IBS and FD are prevalent in those with self-reported sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance was independently associated with IBS but not FD in the general population...

..Increasing obesity within the general population has been accompanied by rising rates of diabetes. The extent to which obesity has increased among people with diabetes is unknown, as are the potential consequences for diabetes outcomes...

..Reported risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) vary widely, and the magnitude and independence of each are uncertain...

..The use of incremental costs in economic analyses will provide a more accurate reflection of the true cost-effectiveness of osteoporosis prevention...

..The pathophysiologic basis for this should be determined because elevated bone turnover, for example, might be treatable...

..Nonetheless, because of their safety, high tolerance, and low expense, calcium supplements may be a useful preventive measure for elderly postmenopausal women whose bone mineral density values are normal for their age...

..Further studies directly testing these hypotheses should provide additional insights into the potential role of OPG in bone loss related to aging and sex steroid deficiency...

..Consequently, we tested diabetes for an independent association with incident VTE...

..8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.00; P=0.018). The finding that HLC-pair suppression predicts progression in MGUS and occurs several years before malignant transformation has implications for myeloma biology...

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..The incidence rates of venous stasis syndrome and venous ulcer are uncertain, and trends in incidence are unknown...

..We report the incidence and prevalence of this condition in the general population. We also examined the validity of the Mayo natural history model for PBC among these unselected patients from the community...

..To assess temporal trends in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) incidence, surgical treatment, and work-related lost time...

..The incidence of irritable bowel syndrome is uncertain. We aimed to determine the incidence of clinically diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome in the community...

..Cortical bone loss began in perimenopause in women and later in life in men. In contrast, trabecular bone loss began in young adulthood in both sexes...

..To estimate long-term survival of unselected patients with anorexia nervosa from Rochester, Minn...

..To investigate the mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases and the effect of estrogen treatment in women who underwent unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy before menopause...

..In addition, therapies may be effective in subsets of people with specific disorders, yet at the same time help people with multiple disorders...

..9 to 7.7 per 100,000. CIDP is reported to occur more commonly in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) but has not been rigorously tested...

..In women, leptin may also mediate at least part of the protective effect of fat mass on the skeleton...

..These observations reinforce current efforts to move away from osteoporosis prevalence and toward absolute fracture risk as the main basis for clinical treatment decisions...

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..These factors do not appear to account for the discrepancy in forearm fracture incidence in women when compared with men...

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..Identifying patients at increased long-term risk of fracture is challenging, but it is reassuring that femoral neck bone mineral density can predict osteoporotic fractures up to 20 years later...

..Our aim was to determine the clinical, serologic, and genetic predictors of CD in FMs of a population-based cohort of index cases...

..Greater emphasis should be placed on prophylaxis for hospitalized medical patients. Other recognized risk factors account for about 25% of all cases of venous thromboembolism, while the remaining 25% of cases are idiopathic...

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..003). CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of women with benign breast disease, lobular involution was associated with reduced risk of breast cancer. Aberrant involution may be a biologically important phenomenon in breast cancer biology...

..CONCLUSIONS: This study validates the ability of a statistical model based on femoral neck aBMD and common clinical risk factors to predict the actual occurrence of fractures in a cohort of postmenopausal white women...

..Although the incidence of pulmonary embolism has decreased over time, the incidence of deep venous thrombosis remains unchanged, indicating the need to better identify pregnant women at increased risk...

..The incidence of non-hip femur fractures increased between 1984 and 2007, with an increase in the rates for women after 1996...

..Measurement of bone turnover may cost-effectively identify a subset of women with T-score >-2.5 for whom anti-resorptive drug therapy is cost-effective...

..This study evaluated the association between timing of colonoscopy and diagnostic yield in patients admitted with acute colonic diverticular bleeding...

..We studied the association of oophorectomy performed before the onset of menopause with the risk of subsequent parkinsonism...

..However, they have a substantial negative impact on the patient's function and quality of life. The adverse effects of osteoporotic fractures are likely to increase in the future with the growing number of elderly people...

..8 mmol/l (the level recommended by the National Diabetes Data Group [NDDG] in 1979) to 7.0 mmol/l. We examined the impact of this change on rates of progression to overt diabetes from different levels of FPG...

..1). The increased fracture risk in patients with PD is not entirely explained by concomitant dementia, and additional study is needed to determine the relative contributions to fracture risk of falls versus bone loss in these patients...

..The natural history of FGID is unknown because of a lack of prospective population-based studies and the indistinct nature of the phenotype. We sought to report the natural history of FGID in a US population...

..However, in a population-based study of 375 women and 325 men (age, 21-97 years), we failed to find a close correspondence between these variables and changes in bone strength with aging...

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..CONCLUSION: There is a dramatic increase in fractures around the time of diagnosis of myeloma, most of which are pathologic fractures. The most important predictor of overall fracture risk is oral corticosteroid use...

..Our aim was to compare long-term survival in a large, population-based cohort of operated patients with that expected in the general population...

..001). These findings suggest that the serum FLC ratio at initial diagnosis is an important predictor of prognosis in myeloma, and can be incorporated into the ISS for improved risk stratification...

..With the introduction of new therapies, the subgrouping of patients based on bowel pattern has become important. However, the appropriate definition of an alternating bowel pattern remains unclear...

..Vertebral fractures are more strongly associated with specific bone density, structure, and strength parameters than with areal BMD, but all of these variables are correlated...

..However, the contribution of obstetric injury to the development of FI later in life is unclear. We sought to better understand the risk factors for FI...

..The study determines the incidence of thiazide-associated hypercalcemia and clarifies its clinical features and natural history...

..The aim of this study was to examine the role of DQA and DQB alleles in determining the risk for and the age of onset and severity of CD in an American population...

..The predicted stiffness (cross-validation R (2) = 0.87), fracture load (cross-validation R (2) = 0.85), and fracture patterns (83% agreement) correlated well with experimental data...

..The historical prevalence and long-term outcome of undiagnosed celiac disease (CD) are unknown. We investigated the long-term outcome of undiagnosed CD and whether the prevalence of undiagnosed CD has changed during the past 50 years...

..Kidney stones lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with rare hereditary disorders (e.g., primary hyperoxaluria, cystinuria), but it is unknown whether kidney stones are an important risk factor for CKD in the general population...

..Results from other studies are cited as evidence for or against each possible mechanism. These putative causal mechanisms are probably intertwined, and their clarification is a research priority...

..The remaining 20% are characterised by absence of IgH expression; we aimed to assess prevalence of a corresponding precursor entity, light-chain MGUS...

..The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased markedly in recent decades, but trends in the mortality burden associated with DM are unclear. Therefore, we analyzed population-based longitudinal data to address this issue...

..Better data on the disability and costs related to HPT and its treatment will be needed to devise the most efficient approaches to patient management...

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..Compared with women, men had thicker trabeculae in young adulthood and had less microstructural damage with aging. These findings may contribute to the virtual immunity of men to age-related increases in wrist fractures...

..Hospital service utilization was estimated based on length of stay, total hospitalization charges, and principal procedures...

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..VOO and VTE are associated with impaired ADL. We hypothesize that rapid clearance of venous outflow obstruction in individuals with acute VTE will improve their QoL and ADL...

..It was concluded that the patients with IgM MGUS should be followed indefinitely...

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..This study reports temporal trends in the incidence of celiac disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota...