Richard Hurt

....

..In 2002, a smoke-free restaurant ordinance was implemented in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and in 2007, all workplaces, including bars, became smoke free...

..Treating tobacco dependence is one of the most cost-effective therapies in medicine and it deserves adequate reimbursement for it to be more widely available...

..Kreteks are clove/tobacco cigarettes that most Indonesians smoke...

..We undertook this study to evaluate the association between accumulated flight time in smoky airplane cabins and respiratory tract diseases in a cohort of never smoking flight attendants...

..The effective treatment of tobacco dependence frequently requires tailoring, and often intensifying, interventions (both counseling and pharmacotherapy) to meet the needs of the individual patient...

....

..Participants and..

..To determine the concentration of nicotine and cotinine in maternal blood and neonatal cord blood among pregnant Alaska Native women and to assess the neonates for neurobehavioral effects...

..These data should encourage others to perform similar pharmacologic relapse prevention studies with this or other pharmacotherapies...

....

..The use of these medications can be tailored to meet the patients needs and combinations of these medications can be used when appropriate. More intensive treatment, such as residential treatment, may be needed for more addicted smokers...

..3) What are the best combination treatments and which smokers are best suited for combination treatment? (4) Will other similar pharmacological agents with dopaminergic/noradrenergic activity have efficacy similar to bupropion?..

..To determine the efficacy of nicotine patch therapy in adolescents who want to stop smoking and to assess biochemical markers of smoking and nicotine intake...

..Further research is needed to continue to investigate how annual screening may enhance motivation for health behavior change...

..We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of bupropion SR for tobacco abstinence among ST users...

..Further research is needed to evaluate the potential avenues through which lung carcinoma screening can be used as an opportunity for providing effective nicotine interventions...

..CONCLUSIONS: Extended use of bupropion for relapse prevention is effective for smokers with and without a history of major depression...

..Among the placebo participants, the mean HRSD score decreased (p = 0.038) by Day 2. The study needs replication with a larger sample and utilizing novel recruitment strategies...

..We set out to investigate this issue further by conducting a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of bupropion sustained-release (SR) for smoking relapse prevention among abstinent alcoholic smokers...

..No serious adverse events were reported. Varenicline may be a useful aid for treating tobacco dependence among smokers who are in stable recovery from alcohol dependence. Further study of this treatment is warranted...

..We review the currently available pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of tobacco dependence...

..Future phase III clinical trials investigating the efficacy of nicotine lozenges are warranted...

..Therefore, other modes of delivering expressive writing to young adult cigarette smokers should be explored...

..To compare the effectiveness of outpatient vs residential treatment for tobacco dependence in a large referral practice...

..This study expands on the knowledge of treating adolescent smokers and presents a new assessment measure. The study's limitations are noted. This investigation was funded by NICHHD...

..We conclude that the use of 42 mg/day nicotine patch therapy is safe and should be considered as initial therapy in the clinical setting among ST users who use > or =3 cans/week...

..To compare the combination of a nicotine inhaler and bupropion to either treatment alone for initiating smoking abstinence and relapse prevention...

..The SAAST-R was found to have good sensitivity and specificity among both males and females...

....

..Available data suggests that combination therapy may increase abstinence rates compared with monotherapy. However, the cost effectiveness of this approach has not been clearly demonstrated...

..We conclude that an initial increase in cough is unlikely to occur among relatively healthy smokers who stop smoking and that changes in cough do not represent a barrier to maintaining abstinence for most smokers...

..This pilot study investigated the feasibility of an exercise intervention for depressed female smokers (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D] score > or =16)...

..A paucity of data exists regarding the safety and effectiveness of combination treatment with varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)...

..Combination pharmacotherapy with these agents may increase long-term smoking abstinence rates above what is observed with single-agent therapy...

..81, p < 0.001). In this referral practice having a personal history of smoking is predictive of breast cancer diagnosis. Further studies are needed to further explore this relationship...

..Tobacco companies continue to minimize their knowledge about polonium-210 in cigarettes in smoking and health litigation. Cigarette packs should carry a radiation-exposure warning label...

..To examine changes in readiness to quit and self-efficacy among adolescents who received a clinic-based, brief office intervention (BOI) for smoking cessation...

..This study provides new information about how residential treatment impacts psychosocial factors considered to be important predictors of tobacco abstinence in outpatient settings...

..Internal tobacco industry documents show that transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) have pursued a multifaceted strategy for undermining the adoption of restrictions on smoking in many countries...

....

..Parents were perceived as potentially supportive to the adolescent in quitting tobacco. The findings will be used to develop tobacco cessation programs for Alaska Native youth...

..Evaluation of novel treatment delivery methods, such as the Internet are notably absent from the adolescent smoking treatment literature...

..03). In contrast to case reports of extreme tobacco dependence in the TAO population, the degree of tobacco dependence in subjects with TAO is similar to that in subjects with CAD...

..We recommend that accrediting bodies mandate that health plans not censor employee-directed health information at the request of employers...

..The current study described tobacco use outcomes among patients with head and neck carcinoma who underwent treatment for nicotine dependence at the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center (NDC; Rochester, MN)...

..More research is needed to replicate our findings and determine if comparable abstinence rates can be achieved with outpatient ST treatment programs using similar behavioral and pharmacotherapies...

..Evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a skills-training intervention for adults interested in helping someone to stop smoking (i.e., support persons)...

..Clearly, more investigation is warranted into how to tailor smoking interventions for cancer screening participants...

....

..Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher maladaptive coping and lower level of exercise were significantly associated with depression among tobacco users...

..The results have implications for the design of peer-based and other interventions for adolescent smokers...

..Assessment of these variables may be useful clinically by assisting health care providers in tailoring nicotine dependence interventions to enhance outcomes...

..Combination nicotine nasal spray and nicotine patches were delivered safely in a nonspecialized outpatient clinical setting and enhanced short-term smoking abstinence rates, but these rates were not sustained at 6 months...

..However, the efficacy of several pharmacologic therapies for alcoholic smokers needs to be tested. In addition, further research is needed on effective treatments for recovering alcoholics of various racial/ethnic backgrounds...

..Tobacco use status was unrelated to a DD diagnosis after discharge from the IAP and was not associated with SA...

..2 +/- 5.0 kg in the placebo group (p = 0.49). Bupropion may increase abstinence rates in ST users and appears to attenuate weight gain during ST abstinence. Larger randomized, controlled trials of bupropion for ST users are needed...

..Absence of nicotine metabolites and anabasine can be used to document abstinence from tobacco products, an indicator of treatment success...

..Motivation to quit smoking was found to be significantly lower in those with weight concerns (P < .001). Further investigation is needed to enable the tailoring of interventions for weight-concerned male smokers...

..Participants stated they benefited most from the support and structure associated with the brief office intervention. Enthusiasm was lacking for the expressive writing treatment adjunct...

..Additionally, being weight concerned may impact the short-term success rates of stopping smoking using pharmacotherapy...

..The five-factor model of personality was used to describe the correlates of smoking abstinence...

..High-dose nicotine patch therapy is safe and well tolerated in this population of tobacco users...

..Areas for refinement in the format and items of the SAAST-R were identified and suggestions for further validation studies are presented...

..At week 12, 7(35%) of the body image participants had 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence, compared to 5(24%) of the participants in the weight management group (p=0.505)...

..In doing so, Spain's smoke-free public places law would be better aligned with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control...

..To examine the association of smoking and gender with body image satisfaction, perceived stress, and self-esteem in young adults...

..To determine tobacco use rates during pregnancy among Alaska Natives residing on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta of western Alaska. Alaska Natives residing in this region use Iqmik, a unique form of smokeless tobacco (ST)...

..I. 22% to 37%). An individualized nicotine dependence intervention conducted in an academic medical setting yielded encouraging abstinence rates for Black smokers...

..CONCLUSION: The results suggest that nicotine dependence treatment is effective for patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer. The majority of lung cancer patients were motivated to stop smoking...

..Lower abstinence and higher relapse rates are often reported for women treated with NRT. Gender effects for those treated with non-nicotinic, bupropion-hydrochloride sustained release for relapse prevention have not been studied...

..To describe a homemade form of smokeless tobacco known as Iqmik used among Alaska Natives residing in western Alaska...

..To examine tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use rates among Alaska Native youth from western Alaska...

..CONCLUSION: The attitudes toward tobacco and identified barriers to stopping will be useful in developing tobacco dependence interventions for Alaska Natives...

....

....

..We suggest heightened monitoring of industry-created scientific organizations, further tobacco document research, and wide dissemination of such work...

..Certainly, on the topic of the health effects of secondhand smoke, more scrutiny is warranted from these organizations for articles written by their members lest the public be misinformed and thus ill served...

..If the results from this preliminary study support the performance of a larger clinical trial, then a future grant application will be submitted through the R01 research project grant mechanism. ..

....

..abstract_text> ..

..Primary assessments will be point prevalence smoking abstinence rates at end of treatment (week 12) and at 52 weeks. ..