Jon Ebbert

..In the current review, we will explore the relationship between adipose tissue, body fat depots, and FFA metabolism...

..12%, one-tailed p=.615). The 4-mg nicotine lozenge and the tobacco-free snuff both appear to be effective and comparable for reducing ST use among ST users not ready to quit in the next 30 days...

..The use of the scales is discussed in terms of clinical usefulness and how each scale might assess differing aspects of tobacco dependence...

..Although expectations of mild adverse effects have been observed to be independent predictors of reduced motivation to use NRT, adverse effects associated with NRT have not been precisely quantified...

....

..We conclude that the use of 42 mg/day nicotine patch therapy is safe and should be considered as initial therapy in the clinical setting among ST users who use > or =3 cans/week...

..Smokeless tobacco (ST) use is associated with adverse health consequences, and effective treatments are needed. Pilot data suggest that 4-mg nicotine lozenge decreases tobacco craving and nicotine withdrawal symptoms among ST users...

..Development and refinement of nicotine dependence measures for ST users are essential steps in order to advance the field of ST research...

..To identify predictors of smokeless tobacco (ST) initiation among young adults...

..In conjunction with behavioral interventions and clinical monitoring for potential side effects, varenicline offers great hope for reducing smoking-attributable death and disability...

..We conclude that the mailing of nicotine lozenges to ST users is a feasible and safe strategy the efficacy of which needs to be evaluated...

..Future phase III clinical trials investigating the efficacy of nicotine lozenges are warranted...

..Combination pharmacotherapy with these agents may increase long-term smoking abstinence rates above what is observed with single-agent therapy...

..We review the currently available pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of tobacco dependence...

..Opportunities exist for dental providers to help patients who smoke by enrolling them in tobacco use quitlines. The authors conducted a pilot study to investigate whether such referrals were feasible and effective...

..A paucity of data exists regarding the safety and effectiveness of combination treatment with varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)...

..We undertook this study to evaluate the association between accumulated flight time in smoky airplane cabins and respiratory tract diseases in a cohort of never smoking flight attendants...

..Tobacco use is a worldwide epidemic expected to cause 10 million annual deaths by 2020 globally. Newer pharmacotherapy increases the specificity of tobacco dependence treatment by affecting receptors mediating nicotine effects...

..To investigate predictors of tobacco abstinence among smokeless tobacco (ST) users...

..Available data suggests that combination therapy may increase abstinence rates compared with monotherapy. However, the cost effectiveness of this approach has not been clearly demonstrated...

..Studies have evaluated smoking reduction with nicotine replacement therapy to reduce tobacco exposure and facilitate abstinence among cigarette smokers, but none have evaluated a reduction approach in smokeless tobacco (ST) users...

..We have conducted a pilot study to obtain preliminary evidence of efficacy of varenicline for the treatment of ST users in Midwestern United States...

..The purpose of this article is to assist clinicians in the development of the basic skills required to use PubMed to make informed clinical decisions...

..Additional investigations of higher dose NRT and combination pharmacotherapy are needed to advance the treatment of SLT users...

..Health-care providers have neither evidence summaries nor evidence-based guidelines to assist them in treating patients who use spit tobacco...

..abstract:..

....

..More research is needed to replicate our findings and determine if comparable abstinence rates can be achieved with outpatient ST treatment programs using similar behavioral and pharmacotherapies...

..Clinical treatment of ST users requires an understanding of the unique characteristics of ST. This article reviews ST products, epidemiology, pharmacology, health risks, and treatment approaches...

..High-dose nicotine patch therapy is safe and well tolerated in this population of tobacco users...

..To evaluate the effect of alcohol on coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer incidence, and cancer mortality by smoking history...

..abstract:..

..To determine the characteristics and outcomes of smokeless tobacco (ST) users receiving interventions in an outpatient tobacco-dependence treatment program...

..Similarly, a reduction strategy may reduce ST exposure and increase ST abstinence rates among ST users not interested in quitting...

..We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of bupropion SR for tobacco abstinence among ST users...

..Varenicline is the most effective medication for smoking cessation but does not prevent weight gain. Combining sibutramine and varenicline may facilitate smoking abstinence if weight gain is attenuated...

..We sought to assess the interaction of smoking and body mass index (BMI) on diabetes risk...

....

..Tobacco use has significant adverse effects on oral health. Oral health professionals in the dental office or community setting have a unique opportunity to increase tobacco abstinence rates among tobacco users...

..Nonsmokers have a potentially supportive role in tobacco cessation efforts. The present study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a telephone-based intervention for nonsmoking support persons...

....

..Internal tobacco industry documents show that transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) have pursued a multifaceted strategy for undermining the adoption of restrictions on smoking in many countries...

..This pilot study investigated the feasibility of an exercise intervention for depressed female smokers (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D] score > or =16)...

..This article briefly reviews the major updates and recommendations from the new guideline and highlights its practical clinical applications...

..The effective treatment of tobacco dependence frequently requires tailoring, and often intensifying, interventions (both counseling and pharmacotherapy) to meet the needs of the individual patient...

..Racial and gender differences are highlighted. This study was funded by Mayo Clinic. The study's limitations were noted...

..In doing so, Spain's smoke-free public places law would be better aligned with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control...

..To compare the effectiveness of outpatient vs residential treatment for tobacco dependence in a large referral practice...

..St. John's wort (SJW) is a widely used herbal supplement. The predominant mechanism(s) accounting for the activity of SJW in vivo are, however, unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of SJW for smoking cessation...

..Results from these trials have been synthesized in systematic reviews. A well-designed systematic review provides the highest level of evidence for establishing the efficacy of a clinical intervention...

..The primary objective of this study was to assess the cross-sectional relationship between caffeine intake and blood pressure in 8- to 10-year-old African American girls who eat an unrestricted diet...

..This practice variation reflects uncertainty regarding the risks and benefits of either approach...

..The high level of interest in CAM among tobacco users underscores the need to conduct further research in this field...

..The potential application of glutathione system polymorphic genetic markers in identifying patients who may respond favorably, selecting effective antitumor drugs, and balancing drug efficacy and toxicity are discussed...

..To determine the concentration of nicotine and cotinine in maternal blood and neonatal cord blood among pregnant Alaska Native women and to assess the neonates for neurobehavioral effects...

..The use of these medications can be tailored to meet the patients needs and combinations of these medications can be used when appropriate. More intensive treatment, such as residential treatment, may be needed for more addicted smokers...

..These findings suggest that the development of new models for reinforcing tobacco-use interventions initiated in the ED deserve exploration, such as linking them to a tobacco quitline...

..These findings may reflect differences in the information needs and work roles of learners and experienced physicians. Such factors may be important considerations for the development and implementation of institutional PDA resources...

....

..Recent postmarketing surveillance reports have raised safety concerns about bupropion, although no causal relationship between bupropion and the reported serious adverse events or death has been established...

..2 +/- 5.0 kg in the placebo group (p = 0.49). Bupropion may increase abstinence rates in ST users and appears to attenuate weight gain during ST abstinence. Larger randomized, controlled trials of bupropion for ST users are needed...

..Absence of nicotine metabolites and anabasine can be used to document abstinence from tobacco products, an indicator of treatment success...

..This article is the third in a Mayo Clinic Proceedings series designed specifically to help clinicians unlock the tools and information available through this valuable resource...

..As the newest agent approved for smoking cessation, the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of varenicline...

..Our results suggest that gabapentin may increase smoking abstinence. An adequately powered randomized clinical trial assessing different doses of this drug against a placebo would be the reasonable next step...

..Tobacco control efforts could focus on optimizing these supportive behaviors as well as expressed motivation and interest in helping a smoker to quit among young adult nonsmokers...

..Tobacco companies continue to minimize their knowledge about polonium-210 in cigarettes in smoking and health litigation. Cigarette packs should carry a radiation-exposure warning label...

..Results indicate that the telephone-based intervention was feasible and acceptable to participants. The intervention was refined based on participant and counselor feedback and will be subsequently tested in a randomized pilot trial...

..No serious adverse events were reported. Varenicline may be a useful aid for treating tobacco dependence among smokers who are in stable recovery from alcohol dependence. Further study of this treatment is warranted...

..The purpose of this study was to assess differences between women and men receiving treatment for tobacco dependence through a clinical treatment program...

..Given these factors, the benefit : risk ratio is strongly in favour of pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence treatment in virtually all smokers who are motivated to quit...

..Use of smokeless tobacco (ST) can lead to nicotine addiction and long-term use can lead to health problems including periodontal disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease...

..When combined with a battery of molecular-genetic tools and behavioral assays, these attributes enable studies to be conducted that are not practical using traditional animal models...

..More research needs to be done to determine if this workshop increases the number and proficiency of bedside diagnostic procedures performed by residents...

....

..Because tobacco dependence is characterized by relapses and remissions, clinicians should be ready to engage smokers and reengage relapsed smokers with options for new medication strategies and additional counseling resources...

..CONCLUSION: The results suggest that nicotine dependence treatment is effective for patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer. The majority of lung cancer patients were motivated to stop smoking...

..001). Patterns of use also differed according to other demographic characteristics including race, ethnicity, age, and income. Implications for surveillance and tobacco control efforts are discussed...

..Intervention strategies that facilitate smoking cessation and modify adverse changes in body weight and BP are needed...

..493+/-246 ng/ml; P=0.042). Poor concordance was observed between the FTQ-ST and the DIS-IV in the assessment of nicotine dependence in ST users...

..To describe a homemade form of smokeless tobacco known as Iqmik used among Alaska Natives residing in western Alaska...

....

..We conducted a case-control study to investigate whether genetic variations indicative of alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) or an excess of neutrophil elastase modify lung cancer risk..

..We evaluated associations between aspirin and nonaspirin NSAID use with cancer incidence and mortality stratified by smoking history in the Iowa Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women...

..CONCLUSION: The hypothesized relationship between smoking status and QOL was supported by this correlational study. Our findings suggest that persistent cigarette smoking after a lung cancer diagnosis negatively impacts QOL scores...

..Further research is needed to better understand the link between decision-making style and evidence-based medicine...

..In this article, we build on this foundation and present advanced search tools designed to assist clinicians in performing efficient and focused literature searches...

..No drug therapies have been shown to be effective for helping smokeless tobacco users quit for good. The purpose of this study is to test drugs that can be used to help smokeless tobacco users quit for good. ..

..No drug therapies have been shown to be effective for helping smokeless tobacco users quit for good. The purpose of this study is to test drugs that can be used to help smokeless tobacco users quit for good. ..

..S. adult population smoking; and 3) 75% of smokers quitting for at least one day or longer because they are trying to quit. ..

..Our goal is to reduce the prevalence of ST use and decrease the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer through the development of effective treatment options for ST users. ..

..Combining medications together may increase the long-term smoking quit rates and decrease the death and disability associated with cigarette smoking. ..