John N Caviness

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..PD-MCI has mean quantitative EEG characteristics that represent an intermediate electrophysiological state between PD-CogNL and PD-D...

..More study of the myoclonus in neurodegenerative disease will lead to a better understanding of the processes that cause phenotypic variability among these disorders...

..Alzheimer's disease pathology was not associated with cortical myoclonus in Parkinson's disease. Cortical myoclonus arising from the motor cortex is a model to study cortical dysfunction in Parkinson's disease...

..Although clinical case reports exist, no electrophysiologic data are available that provide a source or a neurophysiological mechanism for the myoclonus seen in lithium therapy...

..These results have mechanistic implications for cortical dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and for cortical myoclonus in general...

..However, classifying myoclonus according to its source provides insight about its pathophysiology. The best strategy for symptomatic treatment is derived from defining the pathophysiology by way of source physiologic classification...

..Myoclonus treatment is still limited, and more research on basic mechanisms before truly effective treatment will be available. The best approach for myoclonus is based on the physiological classification of the myoclonus...

..If treatment of the underlying disorder is not possible, treatment of symptoms is worthwhile, although limited by side-effects and a lack of controlled evidence...

..Defining PD-MCI offers an opportunity for further study of cognitive impairment in PD and targets for earlier therapeutic intervention...

..The small amplitude postural tremor in PD arises from heterogeneous oscillator mechanisms. The discovery of increased corticomuscular coupling shows cortical involvement in the small amplitude postural tremor of PD...

..More research is needed on the specific aspects of cortical dysfunction and degeneration that create PD-D...

..Electrophysiology yielded remarkable findings in those asymptomatic at-risk individuals that carried the N279K tau mutation...

..Symptomatic treatment is available, but reversal of the underlying cause should be considered first if possible. The potential benefits of treatment must be weighed against the risk of drug side effects...

..Evaluate electrophysiologic findings in incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD)...

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..Progress in decreasing the variance of MUNEs will facilitate their use in detecting small motor unit number changes in neurodegenerative disease...

..Although the myoclonus occurred without dementia in these cases, its relationship to the subsequent development of cognitive impairment remains to be defined...

..Larger sample size is needed to have the power to better assess group differences...

..To perform an item analysis of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) versus the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the prediction of cognitive impairment, and to examine the characteristics of different MoCA threshold scores...

..Therefore, cholinesterase inhibitors might improve cognitive function in PDD. On the other hand, enhancing cholinergic function could plausibly worsen features of parkinsonism...

..Compare the frequency of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), restless legs syndrome (RLS), essential tremor (ET), and control subjects...

..We aimed to describe cases with incidental neuropathological findings of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from the Banner Sun Health Research Institute Brain and Body Donation Program...

..The hypothesis that essential tremor represents early Parkinson's disease was not supported, as striatal dopaminergic markers were not reduced compared with control subjects...

..To compare autonomic function of subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) relative to controls...

..2%). Golfers with video evidence of an involuntary movement while putting have excessive rotation of the right wrist in a pronation/supination motion and, as previously reported, a trend for wrist flexor/extensor cocontraction...

..dysarthrias; and among the 4 dysarthrias). A cross-validation method was used to test the robustness of each original DFA...

..Do patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) report gambling or other abnormal behaviors as previously reported in Parkinson disease...

..Autopsy of six affected subjects showed frontotemporal degeneration with extensive tauopathy. Further studies of FTDP-17 patients are needed to replicate these findings...

..Movements were partially suppressible and were diminished but still apparent during light sleep. GABAergic agents were most effective in controlling the pain and the movements...

..This study underscores the importance of longitudinal antemortem testing of prospective brain donors as well as the potential value of quantitative motor testing...

..A recent American Academy of Neurology practice parameter indicated that olfactory testing was "probably useful" for differentiating idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) from other diseases with features of parkinsonism...

..Our data demonstrate that, in a small sample size, administration of 200 mg/day of modafinil was associated with few side effects and was modestly effective for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with PD...

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..Eight of the 22 patients had complete resolution of symptoms on ropinirole. Adverse events included nausea and dizziness. Ropinirole was effective and well tolerated for treating the symptoms of RLS...

..A detailed discussion of botulinum toxin follows the case on cervical dystonia, focusing on its mechanism of action, clinical indications, side effects, and dosing...

..Electroencephalography spectral frequency of ILBD cases was lower than for controls but not as low as for PD cases. The longitudinal assessments of this brain bank offer significant opportunities for the study of presymptomatic PD...

..It is important to distinguish primary PPMA from other syndromes seen in older individuals to avoid diagnostic confusion. Some cases showed a response to levetiracetam...

..Voice tremor, like spasmodic dysphonia and other tremor disorders, may respond to botulinum toxin type A injections...

..Results will be presented relative to models of lexical segmentation and clinical implications for targets of remediation in the dysarthrias. [Work supported from NIH-NIDCD 5R01 DC6859.]...

..Reticular reflex myoclonus can be treated with clonazepam, diazepam and 5-hydrotryptophan. For palatal myoclonus, a variety of drugs have been used...

..Hand weakness is a dose-dependent significant side effect of treatment at the doses used in this study...

..Methazolamide may be an effective drug in the treatment of some patients with essential tremor, particularly those with head and voice tremor...

..Clearly, posthypoxia etiology, neurodegenerative disease, and epilepsy syndromes are important individual causes of myoclonus. The epidemiology of myoclonus is worthy of further study in other defined populations...

..A reliable predictive QEEG biomarker for PD dementia (PD-D) incidence would be valuable for studying PD-D, including treatment trials aimed at preventing cognitive decline in PD...

..Most previously described cases have involved a reversible clinical syndrome, in contrast to our patients. The pathogenic mechanisms remain uncertain...

..The results indicate that unintended weight loss in PD patients is unlikely to be due to abnormal serum leptin concentrations...

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..8% (P = 0.01) reduction in ILBD cases, as compared with control cases. The finding suggests that ILBD is not a benign condition but is likely a precursor to PD and/or DLB...

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