M Cascalho

..These new findings show that the development and function of T cells depend on B cells independently of specific antibody production...

..Here we review the fundamental mechanisms of B cell tolerance that operate in development and direct the reader to possible mechanisms that may explain how B cell tolerance fails to develop following transplantation...

..In this communication, we review how mismatch repair may contribute to the physiology of cells and may be regulated by the intracellular trafficking of mismatch repair proteins...

..It was found that T cell development and thymocyte selection is modified by the presence of B cells. These results suggest that B cells, or B cell products, contribute to thymocyte selection and T cell development...

....

..Here we review "non-humoral" functions of B cells and the implications of these functions to transplantation...

..Here, we consider whether, and how, xenotransplantation and various other technologies might be applied in future efforts to replace or supplement the function of human organs and tissues...

..We propose that a melding of these new technologies adapted to the distinct challenges and imperatives of the various organs may address this daunting challenge...

..QM mice also resisted Pneumocystis murina like wild-type mice. Thus, cell-mediated immunity can function normally despite contractions of TCR diversity >90% and possibly >99%...

..This approach, while speculative and perhaps unlikely, may lead to development of further new technologies and insights, the pursuit of which could provide new approaches to replacing organ function...

..differentiation * fusion * retrovirus..

..Basic considerations may also shed light on mechanisms by which various treatments have recently brought about vastly improved outcomes...

..Our findings demonstrate a novel approach to measuring lymphocyte diversity and suggest that understanding how these subjects resist infection could yield important insights into immune fitness...

....

..This result demonstrates that B cells can express and diversify HIV proteins. Thus, B cells may contribute to viral evasion and to the development of multi-drug resistance...

....

..These are the first studies to describe the multifaceted function of CD40 in determining the fate of antigen-reactive B cells and provide novel insights into how CD40 agonists can short-circuit humoral immunity...

..B1 lymphocytes of fetal origin, on the other hand, accumulate and may produce auto-antibodies and autoimmunity...

..These findings reveal a heretofore unrecognized and vital function of B cells and Ig for generation of T cell diversity and suggest a potential approach to immune reconstitution...

..These findings are similar to those observed in mice or cells deficient in the tumor suppressors ATM and H2AX, further suggesting that the functions of ATM, H2AX, and 53BP1 are closely linked...

..Limited nuclear localization of MutLalpha may thus represent a novel mechanism by which cells fine-tune mismatch repair functions. This mechanism may have implications in the pathogenesis of hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer...

..The capacity to alter B cell progression by modifying and extending pre-BCR expression argues that the receptor and its associated signals play a unique role in directing developmental outcomes...

..Thus, our findings suggest that L chain rearrangement that occurs in the periphery can contribute to affinity maturation of Ab...

..Taken together, it is suggested that polyreactivity (including self-reactivity) of BCR is crucial in driving B cells to differentiate into the MZ phenotype...

..The vaccine will then be tested for ability to promote an immune response against antigenic variants of influenza. ..