C H Adler

..ABSTRACT: Correction to Nural H, He P, Beach T, Sue L, Xia W, Shen Y. Disassembled DJ-1 high molecular weight complex in cortex mitochondria from Parkinson's disease patients Molecular Neurodegeneration 2009, 4:23...

..Irvine, CA, USA). Methods and baseline demographics from an interim analysis are provided...

..Our data demonstrate that, in a small sample size, administration of 200 mg/day of modafinil was associated with few side effects and was modestly effective for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with PD...

..Larger sample size is needed to have the power to better assess group differences...

..Botulinum toxins are not commonly thought of as adjuncts to surgical procedures. This article reviews some of the perioperative uses of botulinum toxins...

..Eight of the 22 patients had complete resolution of symptoms on ropinirole. Adverse events included nausea and dizziness. Ropinirole was effective and well tolerated for treating the symptoms of RLS...

..Voice tremor, like spasmodic dysphonia and other tremor disorders, may respond to botulinum toxin type A injections...

..Effective management of sleep disturbances and excessive daytime sleepiness can greatly improve the quality of life for patients with PD...

..This review will discuss many of the nonmotor complications in PD, including cognitive, autonomic, sleep, and sensory difficulties that may occur...

..This study underscores the importance of longitudinal antemortem testing of prospective brain donors as well as the potential value of quantitative motor testing...

..Essential tremor (ET) is a very common disorder and proving that there is a relationship to another common movement disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD), has been debated for years...

..Compare the frequency of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), restless legs syndrome (RLS), essential tremor (ET), and control subjects...

..Surgical treatment of dystonia may be performed peripherally or centrally but is usually reserved for patients in whom other forms of therapy fail...

..2%). Golfers with video evidence of an involuntary movement while putting have excessive rotation of the right wrist in a pronation/supination motion and, as previously reported, a trend for wrist flexor/extensor cocontraction...

..Overall, quality of life suffers. In addition, there is a marked increase in the expense to both the patient and society when motor fluctuations and dyskinesias develop...

..What is becoming increasingly clear is that nonmotor findings, including hyposmia, sleep disorders, autonomic abnormalities, cognitive changes, and neurobehavioral changes, often precede the motor findings...

..We report on five patients with oromandibular dystonia that developed secondary nonresponsiveness to botulinum toxin type A following multiple injections over a 6-year period...

..A reliable predictive QEEG biomarker for PD dementia (PD-D) incidence would be valuable for studying PD-D, including treatment trials aimed at preventing cognitive decline in PD...

..Hand weakness is a dose-dependent significant side effect of treatment at the doses used in this study...

..To compare the medication dose reduction between deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) vs subthalamic nucleus (STN) in matched patients with Parkinson's disease (PD)...

..PD-MCI has mean quantitative EEG characteristics that represent an intermediate electrophysiological state between PD-CogNL and PD-D...

..A detailed discussion of botulinum toxin follows the case on cervical dystonia, focusing on its mechanism of action, clinical indications, side effects, and dosing...

..One-third of the patients who were negative for BTX-B Abs at baseline became positive for BTX-B Abs at last visit. Thus, the high antigenicity of BTX-B limits its long-term efficacy...

..Progress in decreasing the variance of MUNEs will facilitate their use in detecting small motor unit number changes in neurodegenerative disease...

..The discussion provides treatment strategies that may offer improved ability to manage the disabling symptoms of this neurodegenerative disorder...

..A theoretical model provides a guide for future research on golfers with either type I or type II 'yips'...

..Do patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) report gambling or other abnormal behaviors as previously reported in Parkinson disease...

..This article highlights some of the common neurologic conditions currently improved by botulinum toxins and reviews the scientific evidence from research studies and clinical experience with these conditions...

..More research is needed on the specific aspects of cortical dysfunction and degeneration that create PD-D...

..Therefore, cholinesterase inhibitors might improve cognitive function in PDD. On the other hand, enhancing cholinergic function could plausibly worsen features of parkinsonism...

..Defining PD-MCI offers an opportunity for further study of cognitive impairment in PD and targets for earlier therapeutic intervention...

..These results have mechanistic implications for cortical dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and for cortical myoclonus in general...

..Although the myoclonus occurred without dementia in these cases, its relationship to the subsequent development of cognitive impairment remains to be defined...

..Four patients improved with chemotherapy, and 2 improved with intravenous methylprednisolone...

..Breathiness was the most common side effect but was mild in intensity and of short duration. We conclude that BoNT-B is safe and effective for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia...

..The small amplitude postural tremor in PD arises from heterogeneous oscillator mechanisms. The discovery of increased corticomuscular coupling shows cortical involvement in the small amplitude postural tremor of PD...

..The results indicate that unintended weight loss in PD patients is unlikely to be due to abnormal serum leptin concentrations...

..A recent American Academy of Neurology practice parameter indicated that olfactory testing was "probably useful" for differentiating idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) from other diseases with features of parkinsonism...

..This patient illustrates the importance of looking for blepharospasm in patients who present with headache or face pain, as her pain and blepharospasm were successfully treated with botulinum toxin type A injections...

..Despite a mean 56% decrease in their levodopa equivalents postoperatively, their RLS scores dropped by a mean of 84% (100% in three). Our findings suggest that bilateral STN DBS surgery can improve RLS in patients with advanced PD...

..It can be inferred from the results that the decay in position sense as a function of time produces impairments in incorporating the initial limb position in motor planning process...

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..Movements were partially suppressible and were diminished but still apparent during light sleep. GABAergic agents were most effective in controlling the pain and the movements...

..Assess the efficacy and tolerability of gabapentin enacarbil (GEn), a transported prodrug of gabapentin with improved gabapentin exposure, in adults with moderate-to-severe primary restless legs syndrome...

..Herein we characterize five families with parkinsonism that have been identified to harbor multiplication of the chromosomal 4q21 locus containing the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA)...

..Five patients (1.2%) carry intermediate-size alleles (41-54 CGG repeats). Expansions within the FMR1 gene are not associated with PD in our study...

..This study does not support a significant role for genetic variation at the GCH1 locus in EOPD. However, our results further highlight the relevance of PRKN screening in familial EOPD...

..Treatment of sleepiness involves treating any underlying sleep disturbance and may involve the use of stimulant or alerting medications in the daytime...

..To identify research priorities to increase understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and improved treatment of spasmodic dysphonia...

..8% (P = 0.01) reduction in ILBD cases, as compared with control cases. The finding suggests that ILBD is not a benign condition but is likely a precursor to PD and/or DLB...

..Recognition of factors that impact placebo response rates should be incorporated into individual study designs for PD clinical trials...

..Evaluate the safety of botulinum toxin type B (BoNT-B) in subjects with hemifacial spasm (HFS)...

..These results may have implications for the treatment of micrographia in Parkinsonism...

..3; 95% CI: 0.6-2.8; P = 0.45). These findings highlight the importance of using family-based studies and multiple population screenings when examining the association of these polymorphic LRRK2 gene variants with Parkinson's disease...

..The absence of diagnostic microscopic brain or spinal cord pathology suggests that the pathologic substrate may be neurochemical or receptor based...

..Herein, we review the current status of genetics in RLS, providing some methodological guidelines to help future research...

..The findings provide evidence that decays in position sense as a function of time create difficulties in incorporating the initial limb position in motor planning process in elderly adults...

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