THOMAS J contact WANG

..We related plasma renin to incidence of CVD and mortality in 3408 individuals (mean age 59; 53% women) and in a hypertensive subset (n = 1413)...

..Biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular events in community-based populations have not consistently added information to standard risk factors. A limitation of many previously studied biomarkers is their lack of cardiovascular specificity...

..abstract:..

..This increase has been fueled by an improved understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology, as well as novel technologies for biomarker identification...

..We report the results of a community-based genomewide association study of six ECG and HRV intermediate traits...

..We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the community-based Framingham Heart Study...

..Prior investigations have reported several single gene variants associated with CHD, stroke, HF, and AF. We report a community-based genome-wide association study of major CVD outcomes...

..Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide mechanisms to investigate the genetic contributions to biomarker variability unconstrained by current knowledge of physiological relations...

..Increased arterial stiffness is a key factor in the pathogenesis of systolic hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Substantial heritability of blood-pressure (BP) and arterial-stiffness suggests important genetic contributions...

..We aimed to identify common genetic variants affecting vitamin D concentrations and risk of insufficiency...

..These data support the premise that abnormalities in multiple biological pathways antedate the onset of overt hypertension...

..Few investigations have evaluated the incremental usefulness of multiple biomarkers from distinct biologic pathways for predicting the risk of cardiovascular events...

..These findings underscore the potential key role of amino acid metabolism early in the pathogenesis of diabetes and suggest that amino acid profiles could aid in diabetes risk assessment...

..Although it has been shown that obese individuals have reduced natriuretic peptide levels, conflicting data exist on the relation of natriuretic peptide levels to other metabolic risk factors...

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..Whether plasma PIIINP levels are a useful indicator of subclinical left ventricular abnormalities in ambulatory individuals has not been studied...

..A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect the cardiovascular system, but data from longitudinal studies are lacking...

..Excess risk was apparent at natriuretic peptide levels well below current thresholds used to diagnose heart failure...

..Knowledge about the pathophysiological processes that determine arterial stiffness may help guide therapeutic approaches...

..Parental obesity is a risk factor for offspring obesity. It is unclear whether parental obesity also confers risk for obesity-associated conditions (e.g., a proinflammatory or prothrombotic state) in the absence of offspring obesity...

..Hence, we related a panel of biomarkers representing these pathways to plasma markers of collagen metabolism in a large community-based sample...

..We evaluated the relative contributions of circulating biomarkers representing distinct biological pathways to the incidence of MetS and to longitudinal changes of its constituent risk factors...

..Few studies relating vitamin D deficiency to obesity have included direct measures of adiposity. Furthermore, the degree to which vitamin D is associated with metabolic traits after adjusting for adiposity measures is unclear...

..Prior studies were limited by small sample sizes and selection bias and none compared the diagnostic performance of these peptides in men and women...

..1 years. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with ALVD in the community are at high risk of CHF and death, even when only mild impairment of EF is present. Additional studies are needed to define optimal therapy for mild ALVD...

..In conclusion, serum C-reactive protein concentrations are higher in nonhypertensive offspring of parents with hypertension. These data suggest that inflammation may partly mediate the familial influences on hypertension risk...

..Little is known about the relations of natriuretic peptides and homocysteine to arterial wall stiffness in the community...

..85-0.95, P = 2 x 10(-4), respectively). Common genetic variants at the NPPA-NPPB locus found to be associated with circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations contribute to interindividual variation in blood pressure and hypertension...

..Several biological pathways are activated concomitantly during left ventricular (LV) remodeling. However, the relative contribution of circulating biomarkers representing these distinct pathways to LV geometry is unclear...

..There are no data, however, on the incremental utility of a parsimonious set of biomarkers (reflecting pathways implicated in HF) for predicting HF risk in the community...

..Echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) structure and function are heritable phenotypes of cardiovascular disease...

..We tested the association of the adipokines resistin and adiponectin with incident heart failure...

..Our data emphasize the contribution of familial factors to the heart-failure burden in the community...

..CONCLUSIONS: Obese individuals have low circulating natriuretic peptide levels, which may contribute to their susceptibility to hypertension and hypertension-related disorders...

..Risk stratification may facilitate cost-effective approaches to management...

..Biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodeling are associated with prevalent hypertension in cross-sectional studies, but their relations to longitudinal changes in blood pressure (BP) and hypertension incidence are unknown...

..Additional studies using candidate gene approaches may provide insight into the genetic loci that regulate plasma natriuretic peptide levels in humans...

..Additional studies addressing the pathogenesis, prevention, and optimal management of the joint occurrence of AF and CHF appear warranted...

..We tested the hypothesis that leptin levels are associated with greater risk of CHF, CVD, and mortality in elderly individuals...

..We evaluated trends in the incidence of overweight and obesity over the past 50 years...

..UACR may be a useful biomarker for identifying individuals most likely to develop hypertension...

..Additional investigations are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed associations...

..New developments in molecular biology and genetics may allow the identification of additional biomarkers, likely acting via different pathways, to achieve this goal...

..Plasma metabolic profiles obtained during exercise provide signatures of exercise performance and cardiovascular disease susceptibility, in addition to highlighting molecular pathways that may modulate the salutary effects of exercise...

..Experimental data suggest that depletion of these angiogenic cell populations may promote atherogenesis, but limited data are available on their relation to subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in humans...

..This review highlights recent developments in the field of cardiovascular biomarkers and describes the use of new technologies for the identification of biomarkers...

..Our findings support the concept that dynamic BP provides incremental information to BP at rest and suggest that exercise diastolic BP may be a better predictor than exercise systolic BP in this age group...

..The conjoint effects and relative importance of ghrelin, leptin, and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), adipokines involved in appetite control and energy expenditure in mediating cardiometabolic risk, is unknown...

..In conclusion, subjects with prolonged QRS durations, even without bundle branch block, are at increased risk for future pacemaker implantation. Such individuals may warrant monitoring for progressive conduction disease...

..To examine the association of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with incident heart failure...

..We conducted a cross-sectional study to test the hypothesis that elevated FGF-23 concentrations are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary artery calcification in patients with CKD...

..Additional investigations are warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate the basis for these gender-related differences...

..The excess risk of AF associated with obesity appears to be mediated by left atrial dilatation. These prospective data raise the possibility that interventions to promote normal weight may reduce the population burden of AF...

..Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings...

..16; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.33). ARR is a heritable trait influenced by clinical and genetic factors. There is a continuous gradient of increasing risk of BP progression across ARR levels in nonhypertensive individuals...

..The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate responses to exercise treadmill testing predict incidence of cardiovascular disease, but the genetic determinants of hemodynamic and chronotropic responses to exercise are largely unknown...

..There have been no studies of interventions to reduce test utilization in the coronary care unit...

..Consumption of soft drinks has been linked to obesity in children and adolescents, but it is unclear whether it increases metabolic risk in middle-aged individuals...

..Thus, new biomarkers are needed to augment the information obtained from traditional indicators and to illuminate disease mechanisms...

..Early-onset parental CHD, in particular, identifies offspring with a strong familial predisposition to atherosclerosis...

..Data are limited with regard to the relations of low-grade albuminuria (below the microalbuminuria threshold) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in nondiabetic, nonhypertensive individuals...

..Identifying genes associated with blood pressure advances our understanding of blood pressure regulation and highlights potential drug targets for the prevention or treatment of hypertension...

..CONCLUSIONS: There is a graded association between CRP and carotid atherosclerosis in women but not in men. The significance of this difference between sexes merits further investigation...

..CONCLUSION: Lack of association of natriuretic peptides with OSAH indices suggests that undiagnosed OSAH may not be associated with major alterations in left ventricular function, as reflected in morning natriuretic peptide levels...

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..Prior clinical studies have yielded conflicting results but were limited by the use of self-reported magnesium intake or short follow-up periods...

..It has been suggested that obesity promotes a relative natriuretic peptide deficiency, but this has been a variable finding in prior studies and the cause is unknown...

..Higher blood pressure and BMI in midlife are harbingers of increased risk of heart failure in later life. Early risk factor modification may decrease heart failure burden...

..These data also support further research into genetic determinants of cardiovascular risk...

..Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia and a source of considerable morbidity and mortality, but lifetime risk for AF has not been estimated...

..In conclusion, there were modest associations of inflammatory markers, particularly IL-6, with carotid atherosclerosis. This association appears more pronounced in current smokers than in former smokers and nonsmokers...

..The reference limits derived from this large, healthy community-based sample will aid in the identification of elevated natriuretic peptide levels in clinical practice...

..However, it is unknown if serum phosphorus levels influence vascular risk in individuals without CKD or CVD...

..93 [1.15-3.24]). In our community-based sample, individuals with MetS have a high prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis that likely contributes to the increased risk of overt CVD associated with the condition...

..Our findings lay the groundwork for using metabolic profiling to define an individual's 'insulin response profile', which could have value in predicting diabetes, its complications, and in guiding therapy...

..In our community-based sample, longer electrocardiographic QRS was associated with increased CHF risk, consistent with the hypothesis that depolarization delay may increase CHF risk...

..Recent cross-sectional studies have suggested that higher serum sodium levels may be a marker of elevated blood pressure. It is unclear whether serum sodium levels are related to the risk of developing hypertension in the community...

..Yet, prospective studies relating sex hormones to CVD incidence in men have yielded inconsistent results...

..Increased pulse pressure, a reflection of aortic stiffness, increases cardiac load and may increase AF risk...

..To determine whether serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, accounting for temporal changes in known CVD risk factors and C-reactive protein (CRP)...

..The burden and prognostic importance of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obesity has not been investigated systematically...

..Given the increasing prevalence of heart failure, additional studies are needed to develop effective strategies to detect and optimally manage individuals with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in the community...

..CONCLUSION: These risk scores can be used to estimate the absolute risk of an adverse event in individuals with AF, which may be helpful in counseling patients and making treatment decisions...

..While parental cardiovascular disease (CVD) doubles the risk for CVD in offspring, the extent of increased risk associated with sibling CVD is unclear...

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..Strategies to overcome these challenges are discussed...

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..Assessment ofbiochemial markers of these pathways may identify obese individuals at higher risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors and may suggest novel therapeutic targets. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..Assessment ofbiochemial markers of these pathways may identify obese individuals at higher risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors and may suggest novel therapeutic targets. ..

..Each of these skills will be critical to the candidate's long-term goal of becoming an independent clinical investigator with a focus on heart failure. ..

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..Assessment ofbiochemial markers of these pathways may identify obese individuals at higher risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors and may suggest novel therapeutic targets. ..