Edward Ryan

..Our results suggest that transcutaneous and subcutaneous boosting with a neoglycoconjugate following oral cholera vaccination may be an effective strategy to prolong protective immune responses against V. cholerae...

..cholerae for at least 6 months. No commercially available cholera vaccine protects against disease caused by V. cholerae serogroup O139. New cholera vaccines are being developed...

..Our results suggest that transcutaneous immunization with CDA toxoid may be a feasible immunization strategy against C. difficile, an important cause of morbidity and mortality against which current preventative strategies are failing...

..cholerae O139, including CVD 112 and Bengal-15. Live, orally administered, attenuated cholera vaccines are in various stages of development and evaluation...

..The ability to generate specific mucosal immune responses in reproductive tract tissues after intestinal presentation of antigen could facilitate development of vaccines effective against reproductive tract pathogens...

..001). Our results suggest that transcutaneous immunization with TcpA and an immunoadjuvant induces protective anti-TcpA immune responses. Anti-TcpA responses may contribute to an optimal cholera vaccine...

..Our results suggest that transcutaneously applied synthetic V. cholerae neoglycoconjugate is safe and immunogenic, but predominantly induces systemic LPS responses of the IgG isotype...

..Our results suggest that combination oral and transcutaneous immunization strategies may most prominently induce both mucosal and systemic humoral responses...

..cholerae O1. In vivo-induced antigen technology provides a simple method for identifying microbial proteins expressed during human infection, but not during in vitro growth...

..cholerae. If lytic phage are present, viable counts of V. cholerae drop, stools become DF(-), other microorganisms bloom, and cholera transmission is reduced...

..Despite recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis, there is relatively little knowledge of the factors that determine the variability in human susceptibility to V. cholerae infection...

..We identified a number of these in vivo expressed proteins as immunogenic during human infection. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of the proteome of a pathogenic bacteria recovered from a natural host...

..However, the immunomodulatory effects of concomitant intestinal parasitic infection in cholera patients have not been systematically evaluated...

..Serovar Typhi antigens identified by IVIAT warrant further evaluation for their contributions to pathogenesis, and they may have diagnostic, therapeutic, or preventive uses...

..This work holds promise for the identification of bacterial targets of protective human immune responses and may contribute to the development of a new generation of cholera vaccines...

..anthracis infection. Identification of L-alanine amidases with B. anthracis specificity may suggest new potential therapeutic targets...

..Based on this epidemiologic evidence, we propose a hypothesis for understanding the association between blood group O and the risk of infection with V. cholerae O1 and O139 as well as the risk of developing severe symptoms once infected...

..The PhoP regulon is a well studied two component (PhoP/Q) coordinately regulated network of genes whose expression is required for intracellular survival of S. enterica...

..Despite this, data about sources of health information used by international travelers are limited...

..Typhi-infected patients and detected anti-HlyE responses at the time of clinical presentation in patients but not in controls. These findings could assist in the development of improved diagnostic assays...

..This review considers risks of international travel to adult solid organ transplant recipients and the use of vaccines and prophylactic agents in this population...

..These findings provide a more detailed assessment of the transcriptome of V. cholerae in the human host than previous studies of organisms in stool alone and have implications for cholera control and the design of improved vaccines...

..cholerae infection and associated clinical symptoms in household contacts of patients with cholera and to identify risk factors for development of severe dehydration in this cohort...

..When considering work-force productivity, work-force infectivity, and the common good, careful consideration should be given to establishing at least a basic immunization program for in-country nationals and their dependents...

..Many infections associated with long-term overseas deployment may include dermatologic manifestations, including filariasis and leishmaniasis...

..Our findings suggest that cholera is the predominant cause of flood-associated diarrheal epidemics in Dhaka, but that other organisms spread by the fecal-oral route also contribute...

..SUMMARY: Weather or flood-related natural disasters may be associated with an increased risk of soft tissue, respiratory, diarrheal, and vector-borne infectious diseases among survivors and responders...

..Advances also have been made in rapid diagnosis, the understanding of immune responses during plague, and vaccine development...

..The presence of antigen-specific memory B cells may therefore be a more direct measure of protection than serum antibody responses...

..No association between baseline vibriocidal titer and protection from V. cholerae O139 infection was found. Our findings suggest that the vibriocidal antibody is an incomplete predictor of protection from V. cholerae infection...

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..These results demonstrate that TcpA is immunogenic following natural V. cholerae infection and suggest that immune responses to this antigen should be evaluated for potential protection against subsequent life-threatening illness...

..However, there was a significant difference between children with acute and persistent diarrhea in changes in both IgA and IgM levels, with persistent diarrhea being associated with a decrease in levels of both antibodies...

..cholerae O139. Consequently, this assay may be useful in studies of both O139-infected patients and recipients of O139 vaccines...

..cholerae as well as the contribution of three type IV pili to the phenotype...

..001-0.022). CONCLUSION: In persons infected with S. dysenteriae type 1, early administration of effective antibiotics is associated with decreased Stx concentrations in stool and a low risk of developing HUS...

..We characterized this isolate, including its ability to cause fever and sustained bacteremia in a rhesus macaque. The route of infection and burden of human disease associated with this newly described pathogen are currently unknown...

..We would use data generated through this network in an attempt to estimate national vaccine coverage rates (and other preventative strategies) among international travelers. ..

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..difficile toxin A is injected into ligated ileal loops of vaccinated and control animals. ..

..IVIAT is an established protocol in our laboratory, and this preliminary collaborative study should lay a foundation for subsequent analysis of identified B. anthracis genes and their products. ..