Jason B Harris

..cholerae infection and associated clinical symptoms in household contacts of patients with cholera and to identify risk factors for development of severe dehydration in this cohort...

..Serovar Typhi antigens identified by IVIAT warrant further evaluation for their contributions to pathogenesis, and they may have diagnostic, therapeutic, or preventive uses...

..However, the immunomodulatory effects of concomitant intestinal parasitic infection in cholera patients have not been systematically evaluated...

..Based on this epidemiologic evidence, we propose a hypothesis for understanding the association between blood group O and the risk of infection with V. cholerae O1 and O139 as well as the risk of developing severe symptoms once infected...

..Despite recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis, there is relatively little knowledge of the factors that determine the variability in human susceptibility to V. cholerae infection...

..Typhi-infected patients and detected anti-HlyE responses at the time of clinical presentation in patients but not in controls. These findings could assist in the development of improved diagnostic assays...

..Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is the cause of typhoid fever. It is a human-restricted pathogen, and few data exist on S. Typhi gene expression in humans...

..We did not observe an association between the IgM memory response to LPS and the vibriocidal titer...

..These findings may explain, in part, the lower efficacy of oral cholera vaccination in children...

..cholerae protein antigens. Such memory B cells could mediate anamnestic responses on reexposure to V. cholerae...

..These findings may explain in part the relatively short-term protection afforded by oral cholera vaccination compared to natural disease...

..cholerae. If lytic phage are present, viable counts of V. cholerae drop, stools become DF(-), other microorganisms bloom, and cholera transmission is reduced...

..001). Our results suggest that transcutaneous immunization with TcpA and an immunoadjuvant induces protective anti-TcpA immune responses. Anti-TcpA responses may contribute to an optimal cholera vaccine...

..Our findings suggest that cholera is the predominant cause of flood-associated diarrheal epidemics in Dhaka, but that other organisms spread by the fecal-oral route also contribute...

..Additional studies are needed to determine whether these early T-cell-mediated events predict the subsequent duration of immunologic memory...

..Repeated exposures to V. cholerae in endemic areas may be a necessary component for long-lasting protection against severe disease...

..We identified a number of these in vivo expressed proteins as immunogenic during human infection. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of the proteome of a pathogenic bacteria recovered from a natural host...

..Our results demonstrate that genetically related V. cholerae strains cluster in local outbreaks but also suggest that multiple distinct strains of V. cholerae O1 may circulate simultaneously within a household...

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..This work holds promise for the identification of bacterial targets of protective human immune responses and may contribute to the development of a new generation of cholera vaccines...

..Induction of anti-OSP responses may be associated with protection against cholera, and our results may support the development of a vaccine targeting V. cholerae OSP...

..Prevention of cholera depends on access to safe water and sanitation. Two oral cholera vaccines are available and the most effective use of these in integrated prevention programmes is being actively assessed...

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..The PhoP regulon is a well studied two component (PhoP/Q) coordinately regulated network of genes whose expression is required for intracellular survival of S. enterica...

..These findings provide a more detailed assessment of the transcriptome of V. cholerae in the human host than previous studies of organisms in stool alone and have implications for cholera control and the design of improved vaccines...

..Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A is a human-restricted cause of paratyphoid fever, accounting for up to a fifth of all cases of enteric fever in Asia...

..However, no functional role for LPLUNC1 has been identified...

..cholerae O1, suggesting that under an optimal vaccination strategy, young children could achieve protective efficacy comparable to that induced in adults...

..This review covers important features of epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of cholera, with a focus on the ongoing epidemic in Haiti...

..The presence of antigen-specific memory B cells may therefore be a more direct measure of protection than serum antibody responses...

..cholerae as well as the contribution of three type IV pili to the phenotype...

..cholerae O139. Consequently, this assay may be useful in studies of both O139-infected patients and recipients of O139 vaccines...

..No association between baseline vibriocidal titer and protection from V. cholerae O139 infection was found. Our findings suggest that the vibriocidal antibody is an incomplete predictor of protection from V. cholerae infection...

..In future studies, compounds identified using the proposed assays may be developed into a new class of drugs targeted for the treatment of many bacterial infections, including several category A and B priority pathogens. ..