T Deckersbach

..We review functional neuroimaging findings pertaining to mood disorders (major depression, bipolar disorders) as well as selected anxiety disorders (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD])...

..Finally, we relate the neurobiology of rumination to the neurobiology of emotion regulation, which is disrupted in bipolar disorder...

..Despite periods of symptomatic recovery, many individuals with bipolar disorder continue to experience substantial residual mood symptoms that often lead to the recurrence of mood episodes...

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..The most consistently reported cognitive difficulty in euthymic subjects with bipolar disorder is impairment in verbal episodic memory (i.e., the ability to learn new verbal information)...

..Assessments of response inhibition may be of value for predicting treatment response to HR...

..No significant correlations were found involving anterior cingulate, amygdala, or ventral striatum. Neuroticism and Extraversion are associated with activity in insular cortex and orbitofrontal cortex, respectively...

..These findings suggest that treating residual depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment may be an avenue to improving occupational and overall functioning in individuals with bipolar disorder...

..Documentation of these deficits raises questions about the broader etiology of neurocognitive impairment in PD as well as its impact on daily functioning. Depression and Anxiety, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc...

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..This article discusses cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression, including evidence for its efficacy and how to choose between this therapy and antidepressants. The use of this therapy to prevent relapse also is presented...

..The purpose of the present study was to investigate with fMRI the interaction between acute sadness and working memory functioning in individuals with bipolar disorder...

..The authors examined the demographics, phenomenology, and associated psychopathology in a series of 31 subjects with this problem...

..Little is known about the longitudinal course of treatment outcome in patients with trichotillomania. The authors conducted a second follow-up assessment on a cohort of hair pullers previously studied...

..Once initiated, lateral regions of left prefrontal cortex control verbal semantic organization...

..This paper reports on the development of the Skin Picking Scale (SPS), a six-item paper-and-pencil measure for the assessment of skin picking...

..Therefore, verbal and nonverbal episodic memory deficits in OCD are affected by impaired strategic processing. Results are consistent with neurobiological models proposing frontal-striatal system dysfunction in OCD...

..Loosening of associations has long been considered a core feature of schizophrenia, but its neural correlate remains poorly understood...

..This finding adds to a nascent literature documenting the potential efficacy of short-term cognitive-behavior therapy for patients suffering from BDD...

..Such dysfunction appears to be a consistent feature of OCD in adults, regardless of age at initial symptom onset...

..Emotional interference tasks may be useful in probing anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) function to understand abnormal attentional study in individuals with specific phobia...

..Previous studies have reported evidence of structural and functional abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients with schizophrenia...

..These findings support a distinction in OCD between failure to utilize a strategy and incapacity to implement a strategy...

..In summary, galantamine treatment, at a dose of 32 mg/day, was well tolerated but was not effective as an adjunctive treatment for cognitive deficits in stable nonsmokers with schizophrenia...

..These results confirm previous findings that a single dose of nicotine improves attention and suggest that nicotine may specifically improve response inhibition in nonsmokers with schizophrenia...

..Sensitivity and specificity analyses indicate that a scale cutoff score of 7 optimally discriminates individuals with self-injurious skin picking from those with non-self-injurious skin picking...

..This study examined whether schizophrenia patients homozygous for the risk allele (T/T) exhibit greater impairment in executive function, and determined the extent to which MTHFR's effects on negative symptoms underlie this relationship...

..Completers showed significant decreases in depressive mood, and improvements remained stable during the 2-month follow-up. This suggests that CBT for rapid cycling may have beneficial effects...

..It is plausible that cumulative effects of the MTHFR T and COMT Val alleles on intracellular methylation profiles and prefrontal dopamine transmission underlie their interactive effect on perseverative errors...

..Many subjects with bipolar disorder experience significant cognitive dysfunction, even when euthymic, but few studies assess biological correlates of or treatment strategies for cognitive dysfunction...

..There was no evidence for motor inhibition deficits in OCD. Based on our data, a subgroup of TTM sufferers seems to be characterized by motor inhibition deficits...

..These results suggest that escitalopram can be an effective agent in reducing pathological skin picking. The lack of medication response in a subset of our sample suggests the possibility of pathological skin picking subtypes...

..As in OCD and BDD, the essential cognitive deficit in AN was impaired use of organizational strategies, which may inform our understanding of the pathophysiology of AN and potentially offer treatment implications...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that concurrent explicit and implicit information-processing demands interfere with implicit learning in OCD patients...

..This article addresses this concern and asserts that CBT is a valuable treatment option in these cases...

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..In the current article, the authors describe the implementation and outcome of cognitive-behavior therapy for three patients with severe self-injurious skin picking, two of which had psychiatric comorbidity...

..Further study is warranted to replicate these findings, as well as to determine their physiological and clinical significance...

..The authors investigated the efficacy of habit reversal for Tourette's disorder, which is characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics...

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..These results suggest that the 30 mg (vs. 20 mg) dose of escitalopram may provide a superior reduction in OCD symptoms for those sufferers with comorbid depression and/or anxiety...

..Body image concerns and preoccupation were significantly greater in American than in German students, although the prevalence of probable body dysmorphic disorder was not...

..Other executive functions, as well as memory and visuospatial abilities were unimpaired in TTM and OCD. Our data suggest that TTM and OCD are characterized by different patterns of neuropsychological dysfunction...

..Examine whether frontal lobe dysfunction or affective experiences correlates with lack of symptom awareness in schizophrenia...

..A donepezil add-on strategy might make sense in selected schizophrenia cases where a pathological process is known to affect cholinergic neurons (e.g., history of head injury or comorbid dementia)...

..In this study, we investigated the relative benefit of DCS versus placebo for enhancing nonemotional verbal and nonverbal memory across weekly trials...

..We conclude that bupropion does not worsen clinical symptoms of schizophrenia and is modestly effective for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia. The relapse rate is high after treatment discontinuation...

..To determine if individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are characterized by larger eyeblink and/or autonomic responses to sudden, loud (startling) tones...

..Results provide initial evidence of learning and memory impairment and poor memory confidence in subjects with compulsive hoarding...

..CONCLUSIONS: Hypomanic temperament and Rigid personality were not associated with verbal learning and memory. Cognitive impairment may be associated with repeated mood episodes rather than constituting a risk factor for bipolar disorder...

..There might be at least two variables independently mediating nonverbal memory deficits in OCD: (1) a cognitive organization and planning component, and (2) a complex motor regulatory component...

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