G C Curhan

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..Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the podocin gene NPHS2 are found in 10-30% of pediatric cases of steroid resistant nephrosis and/or FSGS...

..In addition, the current definitions of normal levels for urinary factors need to be re-evaluated...

..Nevertheless, given their demonstrated adverse health associations and the lack of any health benefit, the evidence favors minimization of sugar-sweetened beverage intake...

..Further study of these diseases in a large cohort with information on a wide variety of risk factors is essential to determine more precisely the risks associated with birth weight...

..Low birth weight has been associated with an increased risk of hypertension, and high birth weight has been associated with increased adult body mass index. Published studies on adults have included only a small number of women...

..Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder in the United States, afflicting more than 36 million people. Higher intakes of vitamins C, E, beta carotene, B12, and folate have been proposed to reduce the risk of hearing loss...

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..To evaluate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and development of urinary incontinence in women...

..5 mg/dl...

..To better understand associations between post-menopausal hormone therapy and the development of urinary incontinence...

..Reduced glomerular filtration rate is an important predictor of cardiovascular disease and death. Genetic polymorphisms, particularly in genes involved in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), may influence the rate of renal function decline...

..Unfortunately, the majority of previous studies of 24-hour urine chemistries were limited by the inclusion of recurrent stone formers and poorly defined controls...

..06 (95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.64). Large doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the risk of kidney stone formation in women. Routine restriction of vitamin C to prevent stone formation appears unwarranted...

..These findings warrant further investigation in other populations...

..To evaluate the independent association between psoriasis and risk of diabetes and hypertension...

..We investigated the association between oral contraceptive pills and incident urinary incontinence in premenopausal women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study II...

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..The data on fluid intake in relation to the risk of bladder cancer are inconclusive...

..To describe the relations between body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)), weight gain, and incident urinary incontinence in middle-aged women...

..In conclusion, a high diet-dependent net acid load is independently associated with a higher risk of incident hypertension...

..However, limited prospective information is available on the long-term effects of aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and acetaminophen on renal function...

..Cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with the risk of hearing loss in cross-sectional studies, but prospective data are currently lacking...

..The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for urinary incontinence in middle-aged women...

..CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of hypertension, higher BMI, and increasing pack-years of smoking appear to independently increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma...

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..Our data suggest an inverse association between alcohol intake and risk of renal cell cancer, but do not support the hypothesis that greater total fluid intake reduces the risk of renal cell cancer...

..There are limited data regarding the role of dietary and supplemental vitamin intake and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia...

..Whether this variation influences risk of infection, and hence whether CRP has anti-infective activity in humans, is uncertain...

..77). Waist circumference was associated only with stress UI (P for trend <0.001). These results suggest that women who avoid high BMI and waist circumference may have a lower risk of UI development...

..We calculated incidence rates of urinary incontinence by incontinence frequency and type over 4 years in Asian, black, and white women in the United States...

..However, little prospective information is available on the association between analgesic use and the risk of hypertension...

..Although plasma lipid levels were more strongly associated with an increased risk than were inflammatory markers, the level of C-reactive protein remained a significant contributor to the prediction of coronary heart disease...

..Psoriasis has been linked to cardiovascular comorbidities in cross-sectional studies, but evidence regarding the association between psoriasis and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) is limited...

..Non-fructose carbohydrates were not associated with increased risk in any cohort. Our study suggests that fructose intake is independently associated with an increased risk of incident kidney stones...

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..This study compares survival, quality-adjusted survival, and costs among incident hemodialysis patients after attempted placement of AVFs or arteriovenous grafts (AVGs)...

..Greater body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for kidney stones. However, the relation between BMI and the urinary excretion of many lithogenic factors remains unclear...

..43, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.74). Thus, mild renal insufficiency was a strong independent predictor of CHF in this cohort, suggesting that serum creatinine may offer a readily accessible tool to identify elderly patients at risk for CHF...

..However, the long-term impact of protein intake on renal function in persons with normal renal function or mild renal insufficiency is unknown...

..Post-menopausal hormone use may influence the renin-angiotensin system and renal endothelial function, impacting albumin excretion. The association between post-menopausal hormone use and albuminuria is not well defined...

..To examine the prevalence of and symptoms associated with painful bladder syndrome (PBS) in a population of older women, utilizing the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohort...

..Caffeine acutely increases blood pressure, but the association between habitual consumption of caffeinated beverages and incident hypertension is uncertain...

..31 (95% CI: 2.03 to 2.63) in men and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.44 to 1.72) in women. Plasma 25(OH)D levels are inversely associated with risk of incident hypertension...

..This study examined associations between a DASH-style diet and 24-hour excretions of urinary lithogenic factors...

..The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the relation between alcohol use and hearing loss in men...

..Hearing loss is common and, in young persons, can compromise social development, communication skills, and educational achievement...

..The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of this study was to examine the distribution of known CVD risk factors and biomarkers of CVD in women with and without RA...

..Laboratory and cross-sectional human studies suggest a potential role for prolactin in the pathogenesis of hypertension; however, the prospective association between prolactin and hypertension has not been previously reported...

..Sparse longitudinal data exist on how diet influences microalbuminuria and estimated GFR (eGFR) decline in people with well-preserved kidney function...

..To prospectively study the relation between menopause, postmenopausal hormone use and risk of gout, since female sex hormones have been postulated to decrease gout risk among women...

..9 g/day, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.34-1.12) for 5-14.9 g/day and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.25-1.12) for 15-59.9 g/day. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate alcohol consumption had no substantial adverse effect on renal function in women over an 11 year follow-up period...

..To our knowledge, the association between the use of these analgesics, particularly acetaminophen, and the risk of hypertension among men has not been extensively studied...

..In conclusion, in-hospital mortality is lower for black patients with acute renal failure than white patients. Future studies should assess the reasons for this difference...

..Exclusion of participants with hypertension did not change the results. In conclusion, consumption of a DASH-style diet is associated with a marked decrease in kidney stone risk...

..7% of the study population) had a multivariable odds ratio of 1.47 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.97). Plasma 25(OH)D levels are inversely and independently associated with the risk of developing hypertension...

..However, the determinants of urinary oxalate excretion are unclear. The objective was to examine the impact of dietary factors, age, body size, diabetes, and urinary factors on 24-h urinary oxalate...

..Hearing loss is a common sensory disorder, yet prospective data on potentially modifiable risk factors are limited. Regularly used analgesics, the most commonly used drugs in the US, may be ototoxic and contribute to hearing loss...

..One such approach is to stratify individuals by self-reported mental health and physical function. Examining these parameters at baseline, and over time, may help identify individuals at greater risk for mortality...

..However, the effect of moderate alcohol consumption; the specific effects of wine, beer, and liquor; and the pattern of drinking in relation to risk of hypertension among young women are unclear...

..Corresponding circulating biomarkers are associated with risk of hypertension, but because these factors may be interrelated, whether they independently affect risk is unknown...

..Rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We compared the incidence rates of myocardial infarction and stroke in subjects with and without rheumatoid arthritis...

..61 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.99), and for those in the highest quintile of walking compared with the lowest quintile, it was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.47, 1.02). Greater physical activity is associated with a lower ACR in nondiabetic women...

..We conclude that higher intake of vitamin D is not associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension...

..Existing cross-sectional data on the association between DM and nephrolithiasis are limited, and no prospective study to date has evaluated the relation between DM and the risk of kidney stones...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the use of different classes of antihypertensive medications and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes...

..However, data on long-term risk of colorectal cancer according to dose, timing, or duration of therapy with aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain limited...

..To compare frequencies of cancer screening and cardiovascular treatments aimed at reducing acute myocardial infarction in women with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...

..It is unclear if obesity increases the risk of stone formation, and it is not known if weight gain influences risk...

..Folate has important beneficial effects on endothelial function, but there is limited information about folate intake and risk of incident hypertension...

..Because age and body size affect the relation between diet and kidney stones, dietary recommendations for stone prevention should be tailored to the individual patient...

..More valid and comprehensive information on the oxalate content of food are desperately needed. Because the data on dietary oxalate are inconclusive, the routine restriction of dietary oxalate needs to be reexamined...

..Potentially modifiable biomarkers may influence the decline in estimated GFR (eGFR), but few data are currently available in type 2 diabetic adults...

..To examine the relationship between pregravid body mass index (BMI), elevated cholesterol level, and the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy...

..99, 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.21). These data support the hypothesis that prior occurrence of nephrolithiasis increases the risk of subsequent hypertension...

..We examined the associations of age, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), weight change during adulthood, physical activity, and alcohol intake with risk of CAP among men and women...

..Adequate fluid intake and appropriate dietary modifications may substantially reduce the morbidity and costs associated with recurrent nephrolithiasis...

..Essential fatty acids modulate inflammation and glucose metabolism and may alter infection risk...

..Because acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used, they may contribute to the high prevalence of hypertension in the United States...

..The objective of this analysis was to determine whether pravastatin reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events in people with or at high risk for coronary disease and with concomitant moderate CKD...

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..It has been proposed that greater intake of EPA and DHA (through dietary sources or fish oil supplementation) may reduce the risk for kidney stone formation...

..More frequent use of these medications may reduce the high incidence of death and renal allograft failure in these patients...

..Recently, phytate has been suggested to play a role in stone formation. To our knowledge, no prospective information on the role of dietary factors and risk of kidney stone formation is available in younger women...

..S. men. Older black men were not more likely to have LUTS than were older white men. The apparent modestly higher prevalence of LUTS in older Mexican-American men requires additional study...

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..08 to 1.58) for men and 1.34 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.64) for older women. Oxalate intake and spinach were not associated with risk in younger women. These data do not implicate dietary oxalate as a major risk factor for nephrolithiasis...

..Fatty acid intake may influence community-acquired pneumonia risk by modulating the immune system. Our study prospectively examined the association between fatty acid intake and community-acquired pneumonia risk...

..24; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.66). In conclusion, no independent association between UA level and risk for incident hypertension was found among older men...

..These findings require confirmation by a large randomized trial conducted specifically in people with chronic renal insufficiency...

..These data suggest that demographic and dietary factors may influence the associations between RAS polymorphisms and hypertension and could explain heterogeneity in prior studies...

..We conducted a prospective study to examine the association between plasma intact parathyroid hormone levels and the subsequent risk of developing hypertension...

..The definition of normal albumin excretion should be reevaluated...

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..These differences are not explained by differences in age, body mass index, or diet and may account for the lower incidence of both nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis in black women...

..The excellent performance characteristics of ICD-9-CM codes for ARF-D suggest that administrative data sets may be particularly well suited for research endeavors that involve patients with ARF-D...

..It has been proposed that increased urinary calcium excretion is a central feature of essential hypertension. Metabolic acidosis also may be associated with hypertension and decreases urinary citrate levels...

..Although randomized trials of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have shown increased cardiovascular risk, studies of nonselective, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen have been inconsistent...

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..The study design and use of existing data provide an efficient means to increase the scientific value of these cohorts and to test several hypotheses of public health importance. ..

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