Research Topics
| Charles R MarmarSummaryCountry: USA Publications
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Publications
Predictors of posttraumatic stress in police and other first respondersCharles R Marmar
San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement St 116 P, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1071:1-18. 2006..Next steps in this line of research will be to test this model prospectively in a sample of 400 police academy recruits assessed during training and currently being followed for the first 2 years of police service...
Routine work environment stress and PTSD symptoms in police officersShira Maguen
San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
J Nerv Ment Dis 197:754-60. 2009..Ensuring that the work environment is functioning optimally protects against the effects of duty-related critical incidents and negative life events outside police service...- Association between alexithymia and neuroendocrine response to psychological stress in police academy recruitsShannon E McCaslin
PTSD Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, VAMC 4150 Clement Street 116P, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1071:425-7. 2006..Alexithymia scores were negatively associated with catecholamine response to the video challenge but no association was found between alexithymia scores and cortisol reactivity... 
Cortisol awakening response prospectively predicts peritraumatic and acute stress reactions in police officersSabra S Inslicht
PTSD Research Program, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street 116P, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Biol Psychiatry 70:1055-62. 2011..However, few studies have prospectively examined the relationships among pre-exposure hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity, acute stress reactions and PTSD...- Abnormal N-acetylaspartate in hippocampus and anterior cingulate in posttraumatic stress disorderNorbert Schuff
Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, DVA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Psychiatry Res 162:147-57. 2008..NAA appears to be a more sensitive marker for neuronal abnormality in PTSD than brain volume. The alteration in the anterior cingulate cortex in PTSD has implications for fear conditioning and extinction... - Longitudinal effects of PTSD on memory functioningKristin W Samuelson
Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veteran s Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94133, USA
J Int Neuropsychol Soc 15:853-61. 2009..Compared to veterans without PTSD, veterans with PTSD showed a greater decline in delayed facial recognition only, and this decline was extremely subtle... - The impact of personal threat on police officers' responses to critical incident stressorsShannon E McCaslin
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
J Nerv Ment Dis 194:591-7. 2006..Results suggest that greater personal threat during a CI may place an officer at greater risk for subsequent distress... - Family psychiatric history, peritraumatic reactivity, and posttraumatic stress symptoms: a prospective study of policeSabra S Inslicht
San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
J Psychiatr Res 44:22-31. 2010..Family history of psychiatric and substance use disorders has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in cross-sectional studies... - Effects of metyrapone on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sleep in women with post-traumatic stress disorderChristian Otte
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Biol Psychiatry 61:952-6. 2007..We previously reported a diminished delta sleep and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to metyrapone in men with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we aimed to extend these findings to women... - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and sleep in posttraumatic stress disorderChristian Otte
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 30:1173-80. 2005..Future studies should explore the temporal relationship between HPA activity, sleep disturbances, and psychopathology after a traumatic event... - Pretraumatic prolonged elevation of salivary MHPG predicts peritraumatic distress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorderBrigitte A Apfel
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
J Psychiatr Res 45:735-41. 2011..Prolonged elevation of salivary MHPG in response to a laboratory stressor marks a predisposition to experience higher levels of peritraumatic distress and subsequently more PTSD symptoms following critical incident exposure... - The impact of killing in war on mental health symptoms and related functioningShira Maguen
San Francisco VA Medical Center, and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
J Trauma Stress 22:435-43. 2009..Experiences of killing in war are important to address in the evaluation and treatment of veterans... - Trait dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in a prospective study of urban police officersShannon E McCaslin
Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
J Nerv Ment Dis 196:912-8. 2008.... - Association between childhood trauma and catecholamine response to psychological stress in police academy recruitsChristian Otte
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
Biol Psychiatry 57:27-32. 2005..Childhood trauma is a risk factor for anxiety disorders in adulthood. One possible mechanism for this association is an increased neuroendocrine response to stress in adults with a history of childhood trauma... - PTSD symptoms predict waking salivary cortisol levels in police officersThomas C Neylan
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Psychoneuroendocrinology 30:373-81. 2005.... - Killing in combat, mental health symptoms, and suicidal ideation in Iraq war veteransShira Maguen
San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
J Anxiety Disord 25:563-7. 2011.... - Frequency and severity approaches to indexing exposure to trauma: the Critical Incident History Questionnaire for police officersDaniel S Weiss
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
J Trauma Stress 23:734-43. 2010..Because no index summarizing cumulative exposure to trauma had superior validity, our findings suggest that precision is not increased if frequency is weighted by severity... - Gender differences in mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans enrolled in veterans affairs health careShira Maguen
San Francisco Veterans Administration VA Medical Center, PTSD Program, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
Am J Public Health 100:2450-6. 2010..We evaluated associations between these sociodemographic and service characteristics and depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses... - Prior night sleep duration is associated with psychomotor vigilance in a healthy sample of police academy recruitsThomas C Neylan
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Chronobiol Int 27:1493-508. 2010..These findings demonstrate the feasibility of detecting sleep and circadian effects on cognitive performance in large field studies. These findings have implications regarding the daytime functioning of police officers... - No improvement of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with guanfacine treatmentThomas C Neylan
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
Am J Psychiatry 163:2186-8. 2006..The authors report an 8-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial of guanfacine versus placebo for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)... - Patterns and predictors of alcohol use in male and female urban police officersJames F Ballenger
Mental Health Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
Am J Addict 20:21-9. 2011..Greater psychiatric symptoms were related to adverse consequences from alcohol use. There was a noteworthy gender by work stress interaction: greater routine work stress related to lower current alcohol use in female officers. .. - Neuropsychological functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuseKristin W Samuelson
Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veteran s Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
Neuropsychology 20:716-26. 2006..By controlling for alcohol and depression, the authors can more conclusively demonstrate that verbal memory and attention differences are associated with PTSD... - Alexithymia and PTSD symptoms in urban police officers: cross-sectional and prospective findingsShannon E McCaslin
Psychiatry Service, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, CA 94121, USA
J Trauma Stress 19:361-73. 2006..In prospective analyses, alexithymia scores significantly predicted 9/11-related PTSD symptom severity over and above pre-9/11 PTSD symptoms... - Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor predicts responses to escitalopram in chronic posttraumatic stress disorderWilliam Berger
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 34:1279-84. 2010..Some studies have found that antidepressants increase serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in patients with major depression and the expression of BDNF mRNA in limbic structures of rats... - Darfur refugees in Cairo: mental health and interpersonal conflict in the aftermath of genocideSusan M Meffert
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
J Interpers Violence 24:1835-48. 2009.... - Cultural differences in crewmembers and mission control personnel during two space station programsJennifer E Boyd
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco VAMC 116A, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121 1545, USA
Aviat Space Environ Med 80:532-40. 2009..We examine three cultural contrasts: national (American vs. Russian); occupational (crewmembers vs. mission control personnel); and organizational [Mir space station vs. International Space Station (ISS)]... - Trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs health care, 2002-2008Karen H Seal
San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Am J Public Health 99:1651-8. 2009..We sought to investigate longitudinal trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans... - Changes in brain anatomy during the course of posttraumatic stress disorderValerie A Cardenas
San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, CA 94121 United States
Psychiatry Res 193:93-100. 2011..Lastly, for the sample as a whole, greater rates of brain atrophy were associated with greater rates of decline in verbal memory and delayed facial recognition... - Posttraumatic stress disorder and health-related quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease: findings from the Heart and Soul StudyBeth E Cohen
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 66:1214-20. 2009..In addition to its tremendous mental health burden, PTSD has been associated with worse physical health status and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease... - VA mental health services utilization in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans in the first year of receiving new mental health diagnosesKaren H Seal
Health Services Research and Development Research Enhancement Award Program, San Francisco VA Medical Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
J Trauma Stress 23:5-16. 2010..Thus, only a minority of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with new PTSD diagnoses received a recommended number and intensity of VA mental health treatment sessions within the first year of diagnosis... - Hippocampal volume differences in Gulf War veterans with current versus lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder symptomsBrigitte A Apfel
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Biol Psychiatry 69:541-8. 2011..However, it is not known whether it is a risk factor for the development of PTSD or a consequence of PTSD. We sought to determine the effects of PTSD and depressive symptoms on hippocampal volume... - Increased cortisol in women with intimate partner violence-related posttraumatic stress disorderSabra S Inslicht
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street 116P, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1071:428-9. 2006..Cortisol was elevated in women with lifetime PTSD compared to controls. No differences were found for platelet catecholamines... - Mental health diagnoses and utilization of VA non-mental health medical services among returning Iraq and Afghanistan veteransBeth E Cohen
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco VA Medical Center, Box 111A1, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
J Gen Intern Med 25:18-24. 2010..Little is known about these patients' use of non-mental health medical services and the impact of mental disorders on utilization... - Adaptation effects to sleep studies in participants with and without chronic posttraumatic stress disorderEllen Herbst
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Psychophysiology 47:1127-33. 2010..The results suggest that the FNE is related to adaptation to the combination of the hospital environment and the recording equipment... - Neuroendocrine regulation of sleep disturbances in PTSDThomas C Neylan
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco DVAMC 116P, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1071:203-15. 2006.... - Attention, learning, and memory in posttraumatic stress disorderThomas C Neylan
Mental Health Service, San Francisco DVA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
J Trauma Stress 17:41-6. 2004..In this study, reduced hippocampal NAA did not appear to be associated with impaired declarative memory... - Feelings of betrayal by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and emotionally distressed Sudanese refugees in CairoSusan M Meffert
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Med Confl Surviv 26:160-72. 2010..This is the first study of which we are aware that examines the relationship between sense of betrayal by the UNHCR and symptoms of PTSD, depression and anger among asylum seekers... - Insomnia severity is associated with a decreased volume of the CA3/dentate gyrus hippocampal subfieldThomas C Neylan
Mental Health Service, DVA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
Biol Psychiatry 68:494-6. 2010..Our objective was to determine whether insomnia severity in a sample of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and control subjects was associated with decreased volume in the CA3/dentate hippocampal subfield... - The mediating effects of sleep in the relationship between traumatic stress and health symptoms in urban police officersDavid Mohr
University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Psychosom Med 65:485-9. 2003..This study explored the hypothesis that the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and health is mediated by sleep problems... - The effect of nefazodone on subjective and objective sleep quality in posttraumatic stress disorderThomas C Neylan
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, and the Psychiatry Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 94121, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 64:445-50. 2003..This study assesses the efficacy of nefazodone treatment (target dose of 400-600 mg/day) on objective and subjective sleep quality in Vietnam combat veterans with chronic DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)... - Cortisol levels are positively correlated with hippocampal N-acetylaspartateThomas C Neylan
Mental Health Service, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
Biol Psychiatry 54:1118-21. 2003..Within the range of values seen in our subjects, cortisol may have a trophic effect on the hippocampus... - Patterns of altered cortical perfusion and diminished subcortical integrity in posttraumatic stress disorder: an MRI studyNorbert Schuff
Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, DVA Medical Center San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Neuroimage 54:S62-8. 2011..Structural, perfusion, and diffusion MRI together may provide a signature for a PTSD marker... - The relationship of posttraumatic growth to peritraumatic reactions and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Sri Lankan university studentsShannon E McCaslin
San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, Mental Health Service, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
J Trauma Stress 22:334-9. 2009..Results suggest that moderate levels of peritraumatic dissociation and symptoms are most associated with the greatest levels of growth... - The impact of reported direct and indirect killing on mental health symptoms in Iraq war veteransShira Maguen
San Francisco VA Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
J Trauma Stress 23:86-90. 2010..Mental health assessment and treatment should address reactions to killing to optimize readjustment following deployment... - Fear-potentiated startle and posttraumatic stress symptoms in urban police officersNnamdi Pole
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
J Trauma Stress 16:471-9. 2003..Our results emphasize the importance of contextual threat and suggest that laboratory measures of startle improve upon self-reported exaggerated startle alone in indexing PTSD symptom severity in urban police officers... - A prospective study of trait anger and PTSD symptoms in policeSusan M Meffert
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
J Trauma Stress 21:410-6. 2008..Increased anger is important not only because of the impact it has on individual distress and physical health, but also because of its potential public health impact... - Killing in combat may be independently associated with suicidal ideationShira Maguen
San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
Depress Anxiety 29:918-23. 2012..We examined the association of killing and suicide among war veterans after accounting for PTSD, depression, and substance use disorders... - Sex differences in fear conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorderSabra S Inslicht
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, United States
J Psychiatr Res 47:64-71. 2013.... - Current concepts in pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorderFrank B Schoenfeld
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
Psychiatr Serv 55:519-31. 2004..Pharmacotherapy for PTSD that is comorbid with other psychiatric disorders is highlighted... - Depression and 24-hour urinary cortisol in medical outpatients with coronary heart disease: The Heart and Soul StudyChristian Otte
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Biol Psychiatry 56:241-7. 2004..4, 95% CI 1.3-4.4, p <.01). In this cross-sectional analysis, elevated cortisol was not associated with worse cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with CHD,depression is associated with elevated cortisol levels... - A meta-analysis of cortisol response to challenge in human aging: importance of genderChristian Otte
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Psychoneuroendocrinology 30:80-91. 2005..Prospective studies should explore whether the higher cortisol response in the elderly is a risk factor for developing neuropsychiatric and medical disorders... - Critical incident exposure and sleep quality in police officersThomas C Neylan
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Psychosom Med 64:345-52. 2002..We examined the effects of critical incident exposure (trauma exposure) and routine (nontraumatic) work environment stressors on sleep quality after controlling for the effects of work shift schedule... - Getting beyond "Don't ask; don't tell": an evaluation of US Veterans Administration postdeployment mental health screening of veterans returning from Iraq and AfghanistanKaren H Seal
San Francisco VA Medical Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Box 111A 1, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Am J Public Health 98:714-20. 2008..We sought to evaluate outcomes of the Veterans Administration (VA) Afghan and Iraq Post-Deployment Screen for mental health symptoms... - Temporal instability of auditory and visual event-related potentials in posttraumatic stress disorderThomas C Neylan
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
Biol Psychiatry 53:216-25. 2003..Measures of variability about the group mean appear to be more informative about the cognitive electrophysiology of PTSD than measures of central tendency... - Crewmember and mission control personnel interactions during International Space Station missionsNick A Kanas
University of California San Francisco and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 116A, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Aviat Space Environ Med 78:601-7. 2007..Three of these issues (time effects, displacement, leader role) were studied during a series of long-duration missions to the International Space Station (ISS)... - New directions in the pharmacotherapy of posttraumatic stress disorderCharles R Marmar
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
Psychiatr Q 73:259-70. 2002..Recommendations are specified for pharmacotherapy of trauma survivors in the immediate aftermath of traumatic exposure, and for those with acute and chronic posttraumatic stress disorders... - Increased cortisol in women with intimate partner violence-related posttraumatic stress disorderSabra S Inslicht
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh Sennott Square, 3rd Floor, 210 S Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Psychoneuroendocrinology 31:825-38. 2006..Alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and sympathetic-adrenal activity have been proposed as key factors in biological models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)... - Associations between childhood trauma and emotion-modulated psychophysiological responses to startling sounds: a study of police cadetsNnamdi Pole
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 1043, USA
J Abnorm Psychol 116:352-61. 2007..Results suggest that childhood trauma may lead to long-lasting alterations in emotional and psychophysiological reactivity even in the absence of current Axis I psychopathology... - Delta sleep response to metyrapone in post-traumatic stress disorderThomas C Neylan
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1666-76. 2003..The results suggest that the delta sleep response to metyrapone is a measure of the brain response to increases in hypothalamic CRF. These data also suggest that the ACTH and sleep EEG response to hypothalamic CRF is decreased in PTSD... - Immediate treatment with propranolol decreases posttraumatic stress disorder two months after traumaGuillaume Vaiva
Clinical School of Psychiatry, University of Lille II, Lille, France
Biol Psychiatry 54:947-9. 2003..037). CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with earlier findings and suggest that propranolol may be useful for mitigating PTSD symptoms or perhaps even preventing the development of PTSD... - Post-traumatic stress symptoms in an elite unit of Brazilian police officers: prevalence and impact on psychosocial functioning and on physical and mental healthDeborah B Maia
Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal of Rio de Janeiro IPUB UFRJ, Av N S de Copacabana, 749 802, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22050 000, Brazil
J Affect Disord 97:241-5. 2007..The goals of this study were to determine the current prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in Brazilian police officers and to compare groups with and without PTSS in terms of associated morbidity... - Peritraumatic fear, helplessness and horror and peritraumatic dissociation: do physical and cognitive symptoms of panic mediate the relationship between the two?Deniz Fikretoglu
Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Behav Res Ther 45:39-47. 2007..The results also raise the possibility, however, that the mediational role of panic may be further moderated by additional variables... - Abnormal serum lipid profile in Brazilian police officers with post-traumatic stress disorderDeborah Bezerra Maia
Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal of Rio de Janeiro IPUB UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
J Affect Disord 107:259-63. 2008..To measure the serum lipid composition of a sample of Brazilian police officers with and without PTSD regularly exposed to potentially traumatic situations... - Stress response syndromes in women undergoing mammography: a comparison of women with and without a history of breast cancerMaria Gurevich
Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Psychosom Med 66:104-12. 2004..The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, severity, and correlates of acute stress responses in women undergoing diagnostic mammographic surveillance and to explore the moderating impact of physician support on these symptoms... - Why are hispanics at greater risk for PTSD?Nnamdi Pole
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 1109, USA
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 11:144-61. 2005..Results are discussed in the context of Hispanic culture and may be important for prevention of mental illness in the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States... - Randomized, double-blind comparison of sertraline and placebo for posttraumatic stress disorder in a Department of Veterans Affairs settingMatthew J Friedman
Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA
J Clin Psychiatry 68:711-20. 2007..To evaluate the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a Veterans Affairs (VA) clinic setting involving patients with predominantly combat-related PTSD...