G E Fraser

..Application of the method is made to the Adventist Health Study cohort, where the independent effects of several exposures on these outcomes are demonstrated...

..We describe a new application of the method of triads that allows an estimate of the correlation between a dietary questionnaire measure (Q) and true intake (T)...

..To directly evaluate whether a population, many of whom are vegetarian or near vegetarian, does experience less coronary heart disease (CHD)...

..It is unclear how well questionnaire or so-called reference methods of dietary assessment correlate with true dietary intake. We develop a method to estimate such correlations...

..Regression calibration methods that use carefully selected biological surrogates (correlates) of the dietary factor of interest in the calibration study seem to use more realistic assumptions...

..Where there is important collinearity, useful gains in power accrue with calibration study size up to 1,000 subjects...

..We tested the hypothesis that a free daily supplement (averaging 76 kJ) of almonds for six months, with no dietary advice, would not change body weight...

..Thus, among Seventh-day Adventists, vegetarians are healthier than nonvegetarians but this cannot be ascribed only to the absence of meat...

..The power of incorporating health into a system of religious belief is discussed. Possibly others can also implement such a model to their advantage...

..Relative risk estimates suggest that effective implementation of behaviors commonly advocated in preventive medicine should increase life expectancy, although there is little direct evidence...

..CONCLUSIONS: Greater meat consumption is associated with a higher prevalence of degenerative arthritis and soft tissue disorders in both male and female subjects of this population, as is hormone replacement therapy in women...

..To assess intake of several vitamins in preparation for a large cohort study investigating the effect of diet on risk of colon and prostate cancer...

..S. adults, few have included a validation analysis among blacks. We have examined the validity and reliability of a physical activity questionnaire that was administered to 165 black Seventh-day Adventists from Southern California...

..One possible explanation for these findings is that weight gain increases the level of adipose-tissue-derived estrogen among lean postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION: Moderate menopausal weight gain may be well tolerated in lean women...

..We hypothesized that individual levels of BMI, LDL, TC and triglycerides modify the cholesterol-lowering effect of almonds in a 24-week almond supplementation trial in a free-living population...

..Evidence of the benefits of soy on cancer risk in Western populations is inconsistent, in part because of the low intake of soy in these groups...

..Results for histologic subtypes were similar. Overall, fat, cholesterol and egg intakes were not associated with ovarian cancer risk. The positive association for saturated fat intake at very high intakes merits further investigation...

..Although many studies have investigated the association between anthropometry and ovarian cancer risk, results have been inconsistent...

..Although case-control studies have reported conflicting results for dairy foods and lactose, several cohort studies have shown positive associations between skim milk, lactose, and ovarian cancer...

..61; 95% CI, 0.43, 0.87). In this cohort of women with a relatively low incidence of wrist fracture, higher levels of physical activity at baseline were protective against risk of fracture during 25 years of follow-up...

..Measurement error is a pervasive problem in behavioral epidemiology, and available methods of correction all have generally untenable assumptions. We propose a multivariate method with more realistic assumptions...

..Black art posters were offered to replace or augment the established $10 incentive for questionnaire completion in a longitudinal cohort study...

..Statistical power to examine associations by colon site has been limited in previous studies...

..However, other studies have raised a question regarding the adequacy of protein in such a diet...

..Therefore, the feasibility of collecting biological specimens from a nationally dispersed cohort (Adventist Health Study-2) was tested...

..Associations for total fruits and vegetables were similar for different histologic types. These results suggest that fruit and vegetable consumption in adulthood has no important association with the risk of ovarian cancer...

..The results generally did not differ across studies or by sex, smoking habits and lung cancer cell type. In conclusion, these data do not support the hypothesis that intakes of vitamins A, C and E and folate reduce lung cancer risk...

..Our objective was to evaluate the risk of breast cancer associated with meat and dairy food consumption and to assess whether non-dietary risk factors modify the relation...

..Fluid intake as a putative coronary heart disease risk factor may deserve further consideration in other populations or using other study designs...

..The FFQ was specially designed for use in a cohort of Seventh-day Adventists. In preparation for a large cohort study investigating the effect of diet on risk of colon, prostate and breast cancer...

..Since meat products represent a major source of protein in the Western diet, findings on whether meat intake significantly contributes to the burden of fatal disease have important clinical and public health implications...

..However, we cannot rule out the possibility that our results are due to residual confounding by smoking. The primary focus for reducing lung cancer incidence should continue to be smoking prevention and cessation...

..Studies in animals have suggested that calcium may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. However, results from epidemiologic studies of intake of calcium or dairy foods and colorectal cancer risk have been inconclusive...

..A daily supplement of almonds can induce favourable nutrient modifications for chronic disease prevention to an individual's habitual diet...

..Epidemiologic studies have suggested a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) at higher intakes of fruit, vegetables, and whole grain. Whether this association is due to antioxidant vitamins or some other factors remains unclear...

..The purpose of this study was to estimate relative mortality rates among persons joining the church in adult life compared with members of the same age who joined in childhood...

..To determine whether follow-up phone calls improve response rates to a long questionnaire among black and white subjects...

..The purpose of this study was to conduct a pooled analysis of dietary fiber and its subtypes and risk of coronary heart disease...

..These data do not support an important relation between fat or cholesterol intakes and lung cancer risk. The means to prevent this important disease remains avoidance of smoking...