Brett T Litz

..To stimulate a critical examination of moral injury, we review the available literature, define terms, and offer a working conceptual framework and a set of intervention strategies designed to repair moral injury...

..Clinicaltrials.gov Registry #: NCT00371176; A Placebo-Controlled Trail of D-Cycloserine and Exposure Therapy for Combat-PTSD; www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT00371176...

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..The findings underscore the complexities involved in examining emotional dysregulation in BPD in a laboratory setting...

..Results did not support the curvilinear interaction hypothesis, although evidence of cohesion's protective effects was found, suggesting that unit cohesion protects against PTSD regardless of level of stress exposure...

..Using a cross-lagged panel design, PTSD symptom severity was associated with increases in reports of exposure at Time 2. However, this finding was modest and was not specific to the recall of traumatic events...

..As hypothesized, participants with BPD emphasized valence more and arousal less than control participants did when using emotion terms to label their emotional reactions. Implications and future research directions are discussed...

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..These results suggest that anxiety disorders are not only more prevalent but also more disabling in women than in men...

..Results from this study add to the literature detailing the variability in PTSD course, as well as to the literature pertaining to predictors of PTSD onset and course...

..Indirect exposure to a traumatic event appears to induce a response with a similar symptom structure as responses to direct exposure...

..These results suggest that theoretical models of posttrauma response positing resilience as the modal outcome may not generalize to cases of sexual assault...

..Little research has investigated the phenomenon of accidental perpetration of serious injury and death, or considered the relationship between perpetration and trauma exposure...

..Consistent with findings from previous studies, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that operational stress exposure predicted PTSD symptom severity (β = .33) while controlling for demographic variables...

..These findings suggest that social anxiety in Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD is closely associated with mood disturbance, social withdrawal, and isolation associated with depression...

..Although some studies have shown the distinctiveness of PGD and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this relationship has yet to be tested within a context of sudden, violent loss...

..The implications and limitations of the study are discussed...

..These findings, along with augmented corrugator EMG reactivity during the same interval, suggest that trauma-related reexperiencing primes subsequent negative emotional responding in individuals with PTSD...

..The results indicate that adjustment to peacekeeping is significantly related to self-disclosure, especially to supportive significant others...

..We also describe individual diatheses and factors promoting resilience that may influence coping and functioning in the face of terrorism. Finally, we offer suggestions for future research...

..Mental health assessment and treatment should address reactions to killing to optimize readjustment following deployment...

..Experiences of killing in war are important to address in the evaluation and treatment of veterans...

..Peacekeepers report a number of treatment needs and barriers that could prevent them from receiving care. The soldiers most in need of services are also those who report the most barriers to care...

..However, the overall pattern of results suggests fewer significant relationships between expression and experience than predicted...

..Two sets of pictures were generated for future research with BPD participants...

..We conclude with considerations for future research...

..Additionally, those who meet criteria for MDD or have high levels of hyperarousal at the onset of treatment might require additional treatment or support...

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..Trait public speaking anxiety was positively correlated with left frontal activity during worrying. These results support the notion that worrying is a unique emotional state that is different from fearful anticipation...

..SMC), higher perceived organizational support (vs. SO), and more alcohol problems than SMC and SO. Soldiers reported that they liked CISD more than the SMC, and CISD did not cause undue distress...

..Limitations are considered, and implications for treating individuals coping with the threat of terrorism are discussed...

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..No significant 3-way interactions were found for religious coping and passive coping. Implications for demand-control modeling and potential applications of the findings to soldier and leader training are discussed...

..Behavioral interventions may be particularly well-equipped to address this source of distress...

..In a clinical sample of combat veterans, the LEC was significantly correlated, in the predicted directions, with measures of psychological distress and was strongly associated with PTSD symptoms...

..War-zone exposure and perceived meaningfulness of the mission, as rated by soldiers after returning to the United States, predicted symptom course over the next 18 months...

..However, promising evidence-based, early interventions have been developed, which are highlighted. Finally, traumatic bereavement and complicated grief in survivors of disasters, an area largely neglected in the field, is discussed...

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..Our results will provide tools to study the way people cope with unprecedented worries about future terror, which will greatly enhance the public health response to terror. ..