Paul T Williams

..To determine prospectively whether physical activity can prevent age-related weight gain and whether changing levels of activity affect body weight...

..Whether these results apply to maximum exercise performance (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness) as well as to doses of vigorous exercise (metabolic equivalents >6) remains to be determined...

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..To assess the dose-response relationship between changes in vigorous exercise (running distance, Deltakm per week) and physician-diagnosed hypertension...

..This study aimed to test whether equivalent changes in moderate (walking) and vigorous exercise (running) produce equivalent weight loss under free-living, nonexperimental conditions...

..04). CONCLUSIONS: Equivalent energy expenditures by moderate (walking) and vigorous (running) exercise produced similar risk reductions for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and possibly CHD...

..01). Higher LDL-mass concentrations increased total CHD risk by 3.8% (P < 10(-9)) and premature CHD risk by 6.1% (P < 10(-7)) per 10 mg/dl increase in concentration. Thus, low HDL2 is associated with increased CHD risk...

..The weaker results in men than women probably related to the smaller sample size, and reduced statistical power of the men...

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..Analyses were therefore performed to test whether time or distance provides the best metric for relating walking volume to estimated total and regional adiposity...

..The validity of the exchangeability premise was assessed using data from the National Runners' Health Study...

..To identify high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions associated with longevity in men...

..Such information is needed to best prescribe an exercise dose for obesity prevention in those at risk due to their family history...

..Test whether changes in vigorous exercise affect the risk for hypercholesterolemia...

..To estimate the independent relationships of running intensity with antihypertensive, LDL-cholesterol-lowering, and antidiabetic medication use when adjusted for running volume (km x d(-1))...

..Our goal is to assess whether running (a vigorous physical activity) and 10-km race performance (an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness) reduce BPH risk...

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..In conclusion, the results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness is a CHD risk factor, largely independent of physical activity, which warrants clinical screening...

..To test whether the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) decreases with vigorous physical activity...

..Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are not currently recognized as factors related to preventing gout, nor are risk factors for gout in physically active men well understood...

..Analyses were undertaken to determine the dose-response relationships of fitness to incident hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes independent of activity...

..To assess whether changes in total and regional adiposity affect the odds for becoming hypercholesterolemic...

..To test whether the prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes declines with marathon participation independent of annual running mileage...

..The purpose of this study was to test whether exercise attenuates the inherited risk for excess body weight...

..However, people have also become less active, and inactivity may have increased the risk for weight gain from poor dietary choices. Analyses were performed to test whether diet-weight relationships were attenuated by vigorous exercise...

..We sought to test whether moderate intensity physical activity affected parent-offspring relationships for body mass index and regional adiposity in 26,587 female and 6428 male walkers surveyed in the United States in 2000...

..To assess the relationship of lipoprotein subfractions to coronary heart disease (CHD)...

..To assess the dose-response relationship of vigorous physical activity (running distance, km x d(-1)) or cardiorespiratory fitness (meters-per-second pace during a 10-km footrace) to the risk for incident glaucoma...

..These results suggest that the optimal BMI for minimizing CHD risk lies somewhere <22.5 kg/m(2), as suggested from our previous analyses of incident diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in these men...

..The purpose of this article was to assess whether this finding can be verified among older men and women of the National Runners' Health Study...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the dose-response relationship between vigorous physical activity (running distance, km/d) and the participant-reported physician-diagnosed stroke...

..To test whether greater vigorous physical activity (kilometers per week run) and greater cardiorespiratory fitness (10-km race performance in meters per second) reduce the incidence of clinically diagnosed cataract...

..To assess the relationships of walking distance, frequency, and intensity to the prevalence of antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and LDL cholesterol-lowering medications use...

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..To assess in men whether exercise affects the estimated age-related increase in adiposity, and contrariwise, whether age affects the estimated exercise-related decrease in adiposity...

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..Individuals vary greatly in their lipoprotein responses to low-fat diets, with some of this variation being attributable to genes...

..It remains to be verified whether these relationship also apply to less active populations...

..g., physical fitness or activity) at baseline...

..The purpose of this review was to assess whether body weight confounds the relationships between physical activity and its health benefits...

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..To assess the relationships of exercise amount and exercise intensity to coronary heart disease risk factors measured cross-sectionally in runners...

..Also, vigorous exercise provides important health benefits beyond those obtained by diet...

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..To assess in women whether age-related increases in adiposity are dependent on exercise, and, contrariwise, whether exercise-related declines in adiposity are dependent on age...

..The purpose of the current study is to assess the cross-sectional relationship between the amount of moderate-intensity physical activity (walking distance) and indicators of adiposity...

..Although 36% of US men and 42% of US women are of normal weight, the health implications of greater weight in ostensibly normal-weight individuals are seldom acknowledged...

..Specifically, prior studies have not tested whether the maintenance of physical activity, in the absence of any change in activity, prevents weight gain...

..We examined the relationship between changes in reported vigorous exercise and self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes in 25,988 active men...

..The objectives of this study were to determine whether exercise reduces body weight and to examine the dose-response relationships between changes in exercise and changes in total and regional adiposity...

..Whether these reductions extend beyond contemporary guideline activity levels and whether fitness affects medication use independent of activity, remains unclear...

..The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent that this is due to self-selection bias, specifically to initially leaner men and women choosing to exercise longer and more intensely...

..The purpose of the current analyses was to assess whether recent, accelerated increases in obesity could potentially be due to increased vulnerability to obesity risk factors as the population has become more overweight...

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..Unequal (asymmetric) weight changes could contribute to overall weight gain or loss among individuals with seasonal or irregular activity...

..Conversion of LDL subclass pattern B to pattern A and reversal of ALP can be achieved in a high proportion of overweight men by normalization of adiposity...

..One-half of Americans currently meet guideline physical activity levels. For these individuals, exceeding guideline levels may provide additional health benefits...

..The impact of exercise on the more extreme body weights and body circumferences is clinically important because these values represent individuals at greatest health risk...

..CONCLUSIONS: LDL-IVb was the single best lipoprotein predictor of increased stenosis, an unexpected result, given that LDL-IVb represents only a minor fraction of total LDL...

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..Low-carbohydrate diets have been used to manage obesity and its metabolic consequences...

..Thus, treatment with gemfibrozil may have additional antiatherogenic effects in those with LDL pattern B by decreasing small dense LDL that is not apparent in those with pattern A...

..This application is concerned exclusively with the interpretation of actual data and not the collection of new data. The major objective is to better define the dose and intensity of physical activity for optimal health. ..

..This application is concerned exclusively with the interpretation of actual data and not the collection of new data. The major objective is to better define the dose and intensity of physical activity for optimal health. ..

..DNA samples will be shared with other institutions to cross-validate gene associations identified from training studies or other designs. ..

..We estimate that we will be able to detect differences in exercise cessation rates between the intervention and control group of 0.45% in runners and walkers separately (alpha=0.05, 80% statistical power). ..

..1%). Additionally, a detectable reduction in breast cancer risk as small as 1.5% per mile run in women is calculated, which is below the 1.7% reduction in risk estimated from other published data. ..