Research Topics
| Steven J ReynoldsSummaryAffiliation: Johns Hopkins University Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Evaluation of a rapid test for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 in the setting of multiple transmitted viral subtypesSteven J Reynolds
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross Building, Room 1150, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Int J STD AIDS 13:171-3. 2002..We conclude that the OraQuick rapid HIV-1/2 test performs well in the setting of diverse HIV viral subtypes...- Recent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 acquisition in IndiaSteven J Reynolds
Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
J Infect Dis 187:1513-21. 2003..81 for recent incident HSV-2. Recent incident HSV-2 infection was associated with the highest risk of HIV-1 in this study, which suggests that prevention of HSV-2 infection may reduce the risk of HIV-1 acquisition... 
Effects of genital ulcer disease and herpes simplex virus type 2 on the efficacy of male circumcision for HIV prevention: Analyses from the Rakai trialsRonald H Gray
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
PLoS Med 6:e1000187. 2009..We assessed the role of GUD and HSV-2 in the protection against HIV afforded by MC...- Male circumcision decreases acquisition and increases clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus in HIV-negative men: a randomized trial in Rakai, UgandaRonald H Gray
Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
J Infect Dis 201:1455-62. 2010..HR-HPV clearance was determined in men with prior genotype-specific HR-HPV infections. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HR-HPV acquisition were estimated by Poisson multiple regression... - Impact of a mHealth intervention for peer health workers on AIDS care in rural Uganda: a mixed methods evaluation of a cluster-randomized trialLarry W Chang
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
AIDS Behav 15:1776-84. 2011..Key challenges identified included variable patient phone access, privacy concerns, and phone maintenance... - Same-sex behavior and high rates of HIV among men attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Pune, India (1993-2002)Amita Gupta
Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 43:483-90. 2006..To determine HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence, trends, and risk behaviors of men who have sex with men (MSM) and compare these with those of non-MSM attending STI clinics in Pune, India over a 10-year period... - Peer health workers and AIDS care in Rakai, Uganda: a mixed methods operations research evaluation of a cluster-randomized trialHannah Arem
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
AIDS Patient Care STDS 25:719-24. 2011.... - Male circumcision for the prevention of HSV-2 and HPV infections and syphilisAaron A R Tobian
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
N Engl J Med 360:1298-309. 2009..We assessed the efficacy of male circumcision for the prevention of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and syphilis in HIV-negative adolescent boys and men... - Effect of circumcision of HIV-negative men on transmission of human papillomavirus to HIV-negative women: a randomised trial in Rakai, UgandaMaria J Wawer
Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Lancet 377:209-18. 2011..We assessed the efficacy of male circumcision to reduce prevalence and incidence of high-risk HPV in female partners of circumcised men... - Effect of peer health workers on AIDS care in Rakai, Uganda: a cluster-randomized trialLarry W Chang
Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
PLoS ONE 5:e10923. 2010..We conducted a cluster randomized trial to assess the effect of community-based peer health workers (PHW) on AIDS care of adults in Rakai, Uganda... - Male circumcision and risk of HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections in IndiaSteven J Reynolds
Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Ross 1150, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
Lancet 363:1039-40. 2004..The specificity of this relation suggests a biological rather than behavioural explanation for the protective effect of male circumcision against HIV-1... - Circumcision in HIV-infected men and its effect on HIV transmission to female partners in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised controlled trialMaria J Wawer
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Lancet 374:229-37. 2009..We assessed whether circumcision in HIV-infected men would reduce transmission of the virus to female sexual partners... - High HIV prevalence among a high-risk subgroup of women attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Pune, IndiaShruti H Mehta
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 41:75-80. 2006..To investigate changes over a decade in prevalence and correlates of HIV among high-risk women attending sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in Pune, India, who deny a history of commercial sex work (CSW)... - Antiretroviral drug susceptibility among drug-naive adults with recent HIV infection in Rakai, UgandaSusan H Eshleman
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 646 Ross Bldg, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
AIDS 23:845-52. 2009..To analyze antiretroviral drug susceptibility in HIV from recently infected adults in Rakai, Uganda, prior to the availability of antiretroviral drug treatment... - Utility of a point-of-care malaria rapid diagnostic test for excluding malaria as the cause of fever among HIV-positive adults in rural Rakai, UgandaLisa A Mills
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 82:145-7. 2010..7) and 99.1% (95% CI: 96.8-99.9), respectively. The rapid diagnostic test accurately ruled malaria "in or out" at the point-of-care, facilitating appropriate clinical management and averting unnecessary anti-malarial therapy... - Severe sepsis in two Ugandan hospitals: a prospective observational study of management and outcomes in a predominantly HIV-1 infected populationShevin T Jacob
Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
PLoS ONE 4:e7782. 2009..We conducted a prospective observational study reporting the management and outcomes of severely septic patients in two Ugandan hospitals. We describe their epidemiology, management, and clinical correlates for mortality... - Improved performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and the effect of human immunodeficiency virus coinfection on the serologic detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Rakai, UgandaJordyn L Gamiel
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Clin Vaccine Immunol 15:888-90. 2008..Higher-than-standard-index cutoff values gave optimal sensitivity and specificity. Kalon ELISA was the optimal assay when an index value of 1.5 was used (sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 92.4%)... - The impact of male circumcision on HIV incidence and cost per infection prevented: a stochastic simulation model from Rakai, UgandaRonald H Gray
School of Public Health, University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
AIDS 21:845-50. 2007..To estimate the impact of male circumcision on HIV incidence, the number of procedures per HIV infection averted, and costs per infection averted... - Incident HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among men in Rakai, UgandaAaron A R Tobian
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
AIDS 23:1589-94. 2009..Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is associated with an increased risk for acquiring HIV, but little is known about the temporal sequence of these infections... - Incident HIV infection among men attending STD clinics in Pune, India: pathways to disparity and interventions to enhance equityMary E Shepherd
Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
J Health Popul Nutr 21:251-63. 2003..Nevertheless, given the same level of knowledge on AIDS, the same level of risk behaviour, and the same level of biological co-factors, the most disadvantaged men still have higher rates of HIV incidence... - Limitations of rapid HIV-1 tests during screening for trials in Uganda: diagnostic test accuracy studyRonald H Gray
Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
BMJ 335:188. 2007..To evaluate the limitations of rapid tests for HIV-1... - Telecommunications and health Care: an HIV/AIDS warmline for communication and consultation in Rakai, UgandaLarry William Chang
Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic) 7:130-2. 2008..Most clinical staff felt that the warmline made their jobs easier and improved the health of patients. An HIV/AIDS warmline leveraged the skills of a limited workforce to provide increased access to HIV/AIDS care, advice, and education... - The impact of early monitored management on survival in hospitalized adult Ugandan patients with severe sepsis: a prospective intervention study*Shevin T Jacob
Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Crit Care Med 40:2050-8. 2012..In sub-Saharan Africa, sepsis is an important cause of mortality. Optimal sepsis management including fluid resuscitation, early antibiotic administration, and patient monitoring is limited by lack of supplies and skilled health workers... - Two-year virologic outcomes of an alternative AIDS care model: evaluation of a peer health worker and nurse-staffed community-based program in UgandaLarry W Chang
Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 50:276-82. 2009..We evaluated an alternative model, community-based, comprehensive antiretroviral program staffed primarily by peer health workers and nurses... - Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trialRonald H Gray
Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
Lancet 369:657-66. 2007..Ecological and observational studies suggest that male circumcision reduces the risk of HIV acquisition in men. Our aim was to investigate the effect of male circumcision on HIV incidence in men... - Performance of a prototype malaria rapid diagnostic test versus thick film microscopy among HIV-positive subjects in rural Rakai, UgandaLisa A Mills
Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument Street 401, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 104:237-9. 2010..9%) compared with thick film microscopy and the specificity was 97.7% (95% CI 93.5-99.5%). MFT was simple, rapid and effective for detection of Plasmodium falciparum among HIV-positive subjects in a rural, malaria-endemic African setting... 
Cost analyses of peer health worker and mHealth support interventions for improving AIDS care in Rakai, UgandaLarry W Chang
a Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
AIDS Care 25:652-6. 2013..50 patients per year from switching to second-line antiretroviral therapy. Other AIDS care programs may find these intervention costs affordable...- Developments in STD/HIV interactions: the intertwining epidemics of HIV and HSV-2Steven J Reynolds
Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross 1159, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Infect Dis Clin North Am 19:415-25. 2005..Treatment of HSV-2/HIV dually infected individuals may prove to be a low-cost intervention to improve clinical outcomes and delay the need for antiretroviral therapy... - Combination implementation for HIV prevention: moving from clinical trial evidence to population-level effectsLarry W Chang
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Lancet Infect Dis 13:65-76. 2013..Only through careful consideration of how to implement and operationalise HIV prevention interventions will the HIV community be able to move from clinical trial evidence to population-level effects... - Effect of injectable contraceptive use on response to antiretroviral therapy among women in Rakai, UgandaChelsea B Polis
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Contraception 86:725-30. 2012..There is limited evidence on the effect of injectable contraception on response to antiretroviral therapy (ART)... - High retention and appropriate use of insecticide-treated nets distributed to HIV-affected households in Rakai, Uganda: results from interviews and home visitsLauren Cohee
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Malar J 8:76. 2009..Knowledge about and appropriate use of ITNs among HIV-positive ITN recipients and their household members has not been well characterized... - Which patients first? Setting priorities for antiretroviral therapy where resources are limitedLaura J McGough
Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Ave, B 3 North, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
Am J Public Health 95:1173-80. 2005..We then describe current rationing mechanisms for ARVs... - Increased risk of incident HIV during pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda: a prospective studyRonald H Gray
Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
Lancet 366:1182-8. 2005..HIV acquisition is significantly higher during pregnancy than in the postpartum period. We did a prospective study to estimate HIV incidence rates during pregnancy and lactation... - Identification of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 in the latent reservoir after single-dose nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1Megan Wind-Rotolo
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
J Infect Dis 199:1301-9. 2009..Although resistant viruses fade to undetectable levels in plasma, they may persist as stably integrated proviruses within the latent reservoir in resting CD4(+) T cells, potentially complicating future treatment... - Setting the stage: current state of affairs and major challengesSteven J Reynolds
Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Clin Infect Dis 50:S71-6. 2010..The global health community and political leaders will need to overcome these challenges if a long-term effective response to the HIV pandemic is to be achieved... - Factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among men in Rakai, UgandaAaron A R Tobian
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, USA
J Infect Dis 199:945-9. 2009..70 [95% CI, 0.55-0.91]), and was not significantly affected by enrollment HIV status. Education on modifiable behavioral changes may reduce the acquisition of HSV-2. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00425984 and NCT00124878 .)... - Evolution of drug resistance after virological failure of a first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in UgandaSteven J Reynolds
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Antivir Ther 14:293-7. 2009..This study aimed to determine the extent of viral resistance over time among non-clade B HIV type-1-infected patients in Uganda who were maintained on first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) following virological failure... - Failure of immunologic criteria to appropriately identify antiretroviral treatment failure in UgandaSteven J Reynolds
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
AIDS 23:697-700. 2009..Our objective was to evaluate immunologic failure criteria against gold standard virologic monitoring... - OraQuick ADVANCE Rapid HIV-1/2 antibody testSteven J Reynolds
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, ICER Program Uganda, 2190 Kampala Place, Washington, DC 20521, USA
Expert Rev Mol Diagn 4:587-91. 2004..The test has many important applications, extending the opportunities for voluntary counseling and testing, and as a tool for the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings... - A randomized, controlled, trial of short cycle intermittent compared to continuous antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV infection in UgandaSteven J Reynolds
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
PLoS ONE 5:e10307. 2010..Short cycle treatment interruption could reduce toxicity and drug costs and contribute to further expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs... - Antiretroviral therapy where resources are limitedSteven J Reynolds
Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, USA
N Engl J Med 348:1806-9. 2003 - Can nucleic acid amplification tests be used to test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in microbicide trials?Patricia Rizzo-Price
Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Int J STD AIDS 18:543-5. 2007..The potential inhibitory effects of microbicides on the NAATs selected for detection of Ct and Ng should be considered in clinical trials involving topical microbicides... - Treatment of severe sepsis with artemether-lumefantrine is associated with decreased mortality in Ugandan patients without malariaCHRISTOPHER C MOORE
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 80:723-8. 2009..7%, SE = 15.2 versus 58.3%, SE = 3.7; Log rank chi(2) 3.94, P = 0.041). Research into the properties of A-L is needed to improve treatment of sepsis without compromising malarial susceptibility... - Documenting intermenstrual bleeding in a vaginal microbicide study: case reports and lessons learnedSmita Joshi
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22:294-6. 2006 - Point-of-care lactate testing predicts mortality of severe sepsis in a predominantly HIV type 1-infected patient population in UgandaCHRISTOPHER C MOORE
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Clin Infect Dis 46:215-22. 2008..Therefore, we evaluated the ability of a hand-held portable whole-blood lactate (PWBL) analyzer to predict mortality of patients who are admitted to the hospital with severe sepsis... - Effectiveness of syphilis treatment using azithromycin and/or benzathine penicillin in Rakai, UgandaMohammed G Kiddugavu
Rakai Health Science Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
Sex Transm Dis 32:1-6. 2005..In low-titer infections, the 3 drug combinations were equally effective. HIV status did not affect cure rates... - Survival of HIV-infected treatment-naive individuals with documented dates of seroconversion in Rakai, UgandaTom Lutalo
Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda
AIDS 21:S15-9. 2007..To estimate the survival time from HIV infection to death... - CD4 stabilization tubes provide improved accuracy of absolute CD4 T-cell counts compared to standard k3 EDTA tubes in human immunodeficiency virus immunologic monitoring in resource-poor settingsJoseph P Shott
SAIC Frederick, Inc, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
Clin Vaccine Immunol 15:1623-4. 2008..Here, we assessed this technology for its use in an HIV clinical monitoring laboratory in a resource-poor setting in rural Uganda... - Responding to the human resource crisis: peer health workers, mobile phones, and HIV care in Rakai, UgandaLarry W Chang
AIDS Patient Care STDS 22:173-4. 2008 - Evaluation of filter paper transfer of whole-blood and plasma samples for quantifying HIV RNA in subjects on antiretroviral therapy in UgandaLaura Waters
St Stephens AIDS Trust, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46:590-3. 2007..We investigated filter paper transfer (FPT) of whole blood and plasma as an alternative to standard plasma-based assays for virologic monitoring in Uganda... - WHO HIV clinical staging or CD4 cell counts for antiretroviral therapy eligibility assessment? An evaluation in rural Rakai district, UgandaJoseph Kagaayi
Rakai Health Sciences Programme, Rakai, Uganda
AIDS 21:1208-10. 2007..Clinical criteria missed half the patients with CD4 cell counts of 200 cells/microl or less, highlighting the importance of CD4 cell measurements for the scale-up of ART provision in resource-limited settings... - HIV viral load monitoring in resource-limited regions: optional or necessary?Alexandra Calmy
Medecins Sans Frontieres, Access to Medicines Campaign, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
Clin Infect Dis 44:128-34. 2007..Rather than considering viral load data to be an unaffordable luxury, efforts should be made to ensure that viral load testing becomes affordable, simple, and easy to use in resource-limited settings... - A new model to monitor the virological efficacy of antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor countriesRobert Colebunders
Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Lancet Infect Dis 6:53-9. 2006..We believe that this model can make an accurate diagnosis of treatment failure in most patients. However, operational research is needed to assess whether this strategy works in practice... - Might male circumcision be more protective against HIV in the highly exposed? An immunological hypothesisMaria J Wawer
AIDS 19:2181-2. 2005