Research Topics
| Stephen R ColeSummaryAffiliation: Johns Hopkins University Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Adjusted survival curves with inverse probability weightsStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street E 7014, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Comput Methods Programs Biomed 75:45-9. 2004..When the weights are non-parametrically estimated, this method is equivalent to direct standardization of the survival curves to the combined study population...
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incident AIDS using calendar period as an instrumental variableLauren E Cain
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Am J Epidemiol 169:1124-32. 2009..These methods may help resolve discrepancies between observational and randomized evidence...- The effects of opiate use and hepatitis C virus infection on risk of diabetes mellitus in the Women's Interagency HIV StudyAndrea A Howard
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 54:152-9. 2010..Opiate use is common in HIV-infected and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals, however, its contribution to the risk of diabetes mellitus is not well understood... - Bayesian posterior distributions without Markov chainsStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 7435, USA
Am J Epidemiol 175:368-75. 2012..The transparency of the proposed approach comes at a price of being less broadly applicable than MCMC... - A comparison of ad hoc methods to account for non-cancer AIDS and deaths as competing risks when estimating the effect of HAART on incident cancer AIDS among HIV-infected menMeredith S Shiels
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
J Clin Epidemiol 63:459-67. 2010.... - Marginal structural models for case-cohort study designs to estimate the association of antiretroviral therapy initiation with incident AIDS or deathStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 7435, USA
Am J Epidemiol 175:381-90. 2012..Marginal structural model analysis of case-cohort study designs provides a cost-efficient design coupled with an accurate analytic method for research settings in which there is time-varying confounding... - Time scale and adjusted survival curves for marginal structural cox modelsDaniel Westreich
Department of Epidemiology, Universityof North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NorthCarolina, USA
Am J Epidemiol 171:691-700. 2010..In the present example, use of time on treatment yielded a hazard ratio further from the null and more precise than use of time on study as the time scale... - Cumulative exposure to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors is associated with insulin resistance markers in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort StudyTodd T Brown
Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
AIDS 19:1375-83. 2005..To estimate insulin resistance and its relationship to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a cohort of HIV-infected persons with comparison to HIV-seronegative controls... - Competing risk regression models for epidemiologic dataBryan Lau
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
Am J Epidemiol 170:244-56. 2009..71, 95% confidence interval: 1.37, 2.13 and (sd)RH = 2.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.62, 2.51). Methods for competing risks should be used by epidemiologists, with the choice of method guided by the scientific question... - Enrollment, retention, and visit attendance in the University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research HIV clinical cohort, 2001-2007Chanelle J Howe
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 7435, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 26:875-81. 2010..The UNC CFAR clinical cohort has ample enrollment with retention and visit attendance modestly influenced by factors such as disease severity... - Marginal structural models for estimating the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation on CD4 cell countStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Am J Epidemiol 162:471-8. 2005.... - Estimating the effects of multiple time-varying exposures using joint marginal structural models: alcohol consumption, injection drug use, and HIV acquisitionChanelle J Howe
Department of Epidemiology, Center for Population Health and Clinical Epidemiology, Brown University Program in Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
Epidemiology 23:574-82. 2012..12). The P values for multiplicative and additive interaction were 0.7620 and 0.9200, respectively, indicating a lack of departure from effects that multiply or add. We could not rule out interaction on either scale due to imprecision... - Estimating biomarker-based HIV incidence using prevalence data in high risk groups with missing outcomesHaitao Chu
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Biom J 48:772-9. 2006..Our methods can be applied to estimate the incidence of other diseases from prevalence data using similar testing algorithms when missing data is present... - Determinants of alcohol consumption in HIV-uninfected injection drug usersPetra M Sander
Department of Epidemiology, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 111:173-6. 2010..This study demonstrates that in a large urban cohort of persons with a history of injection drug use, risky drug use and sexual risk behavior are associated with subsequent alcohol consumption... 
Incidence and epidemiology of anal cancer in the multicenter AIDS cohort studyGypsyamber D'Souza
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 48:491-9. 2008..To examine the incidence and risk factors for anal cancer in a multicenter cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men followed between 1984 and 2006 (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study)...- Confidence intervals for biomarker-based human immunodeficiency virus incidence estimates and differences using prevalent dataStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Am J Epidemiol 165:94-100. 2007..The Monte Carlo-based CI may be preferable to competing methods because of the ease of extension to the incidence difference or to exploration of departures from assumptions... - Limitation of inverse probability-of-censoring weights in estimating survival in the presence of strong selection biasChanelle J Howe
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599 7435, USA
Am J Epidemiol 173:569-77. 2011..Approaches to improve correction methods are discussed... - Lagging exposure information in cumulative exposure-response analysesDavid B Richardson
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Am J Epidemiol 174:1416-22. 2011..Lagging exposure assignment by a constant will lead to bias toward the null if the distribution of latency periods is not a fixed constant. Direct estimation of latency periods can minimize bias and improve confidence interval coverage... - Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on multiple AIDS-defining illnesses among male HIV seroconvertersLauren E Cain
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street E7640, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Am J Epidemiol 163:310-5. 2006..34 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.45) relative to the reference calendar period. HAART protects against initial and subsequent AIDS-defining illnesses, whose inclusion in analysis markedly increased the precision of the estimated hazard ratio... - Determining the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA viral load using a marginal structural left-censored mean modelStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Am J Epidemiol 166:219-27. 2007..In conclusion, the clinically important protective effect of HAART on dampening viral load appears to be rapid, present at CD4 cell counts greater than 350 cells/mm(3), and sustained beyond 6 years... - Longitudinal anthropometric patterns among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected womenJessica E Justman
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47:312-9. 2008..Previous studies suggest that indicators of central adiposity such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference may be altered by HIV infection, antiretroviral treatment, or both... - Effect of HAART on incident cancer and noncancer AIDS events among male HIV seroconvertersMeredith S Shiels
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E7133, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 48:485-90. 2008..To explore the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the prevention of AIDS-defining cancers relative to other AIDS-defining events... - Generalizing evidence from randomized clinical trials to target populations: The ACTG 320 trialStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
Am J Epidemiol 172:107-15. 2010..The proposed method standardizes observed trial results to a specified target population and thereby provides information regarding the generalizability of trial results... - Quantification of CD4 responses to combined antiretroviral therapy over 5 years among HIV-infected children in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of CongoAndrew Edmonds
Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McGavran Greenberg Hall, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7435, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 61:90-8. 2012..We sought to describe this relationship... - HIV-1 protease inhibitors and clinical malaria: a secondary analysis of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5208 studyKimberly A Porter
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:995-1000. 2012..Additional research concerning the effects of PI-based therapy on the incidence of malaria diagnosed by more specific criteria and among groups at a higher risk for severe disease is warranted... - Combined analysis of retrospective and prospective occurrences in cohort studies: HIV-1 serostatus and incident pneumoniaStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Int J Epidemiol 35:1442-6. 2006..The authors show how information collected on retrospective occurrence times may be combined with prospective occurrence times in the analysis of recurrent events from cohort studies... - Illustrating bias due to conditioning on a colliderStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Int J Epidemiol 39:417-20. 2010..In both examples, conditioning on the common effect imparts an association between two otherwise independent variables; we call this selection bias... - Meta-analysis of randomized trials on the association of prophylactic acyclovir and HIV-1 viral load in individuals coinfected with herpes simplex virus-2Christina Ludema
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
AIDS 25:1265-9. 2011..To summarize the randomized evidence regarding the association between acyclovir use and HIV-1 replication as measured by plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load among individuals coinfected with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2... - Accounting for leadtime in cohort studies: evaluating when to initiate HIV therapiesStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Stat Med 23:3351-63. 2004..70; 95 per cent CI 0.35, 1.42). Methods presented here offer an approach to analysing prevalent cohort studies and provide procedures to maximize the usefulness of observational data... - A simulation study of control sampling methods for nested case-control studies of genetic and molecular biomarkers and prostate cancer progressionMing Hsi Wang
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Department of Medicine, Saint Agnes Hospital, Room E6132, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:706-11. 2009..Thus, we examined the validity of relative risk (RR) estimates of prostate cancer progression using three methods for control sampling from cohorts of men with prostate cancer generated by Monte Carlo simulation... - Structural accelerated failure time models for survival analysis in studies with time-varying treatmentsMiguel A Hernán
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 14:477-91. 2005..The parameters of nested structural models are estimated by g-estimation and those of marginal structural models by inverse probability weighting... - Lack of association of herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity with the progression of HIV infection in the HERS cohortBrooke E Hoots
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7435, USA
Am J Epidemiol 173:837-44. 2011..These data do not support a clinically meaningful effect of baseline HSV-2 seropositivity on the trajectories of HIV plasma viral loads or CD4 counts... - Evaluating competing adverse and beneficial outcomes using a mixture modelBryan Lau
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Stat Med 27:4313-27. 2008.... - Lung cancer incidence and mortality among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected injection drug usersMeredith S Shiels
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 55:510-5. 2010..To examine the impact of HIV on lung cancer incidence and survival... - Parametric mixture models to evaluate and summarize hazard ratios in the presence of competing risks with time-dependent hazards and delayed entryBryan Lau
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Stat Med 30:654-65. 2011..An application to the Women's Interagency HIV Study is provided to investigate injection drug use and the time to either the initiation of effective antiretroviral therapy, or clinical disease progression as a competing event... - Sexual activity and Kaposi's sarcoma among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human herpesvirus type 8-coinfected menEric W Nawar
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Ann Epidemiol 18:517-21. 2008..Here, we explore sexual activity as a proxy for a sexually transmitted determinant beyond HIV-1 and HHV-8... - Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural modelsStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Am J Epidemiol 168:656-64. 2008..However, as with all methods, diagnostics and sensitivity analyses are essential for proper use... - Hemoglobin decline in children with chronic kidney disease: baseline results from the chronic kidney disease in children prospective cohort studyJeffrey J Fadrowski
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, David M Rubenstein Child Health Building, Room 3055, 200 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3:457-62. 2008..The level of glomerular filtration rate at which hemoglobin declines in chronic kidney disease is poorly described in the pediatric population... - A prospective study of alcohol consumption and HIV acquisition among injection drug usersChanelle J Howe
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559 7435, USA
AIDS 25:221-8. 2011..to estimate the effect of alcohol consumption on HIV acquisition while appropriately accounting for confounding by time-varying risk factors... - Postnatal HIV-1 transmission after cessation of infant extended antiretroviral prophylaxis and effect of maternal highly active antiretroviral therapyTaha E Taha
Dept of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
J Infect Dis 200:1490-7. 2009..The association between postnatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission and maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) after infant extended antiretroviral prophylaxis was assessed... - Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in the multicenter AIDS cohort studyTodd T Brown
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Arch Intern Med 165:1179-84. 2005..The risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has not been well defined... - Effect on mortality and virological response of delaying antiretroviral therapy initiation in children receiving tuberculosis treatmentMarcel Yotebieng
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
AIDS 24:1341-9. 2010..To estimate the effect of delaying antiretroviral treatment (ART) for 15, 30, or 60 days after tuberculosis (TB) treatment initiation on mortality and virological suppression... - Multiple-imputation for measurement-error correctionStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, 615 Norht Wolfe Street, E7640, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Int J Epidemiol 35:1074-81. 2006..There are many methods for measurement-error correction. These methods remain rarely used despite the ubiquity of measurement error... - A meta-analysis of the incidence of non-AIDS cancers in HIV-infected individualsMeredith S Shiels
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 52:611-22. 2009..To estimate summary standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of non-AIDS cancers among HIV-infected individuals compared with general population rates overall and stratified by gender, AIDS, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era... - A comparison of methods to estimate the hazard ratio under conditions of time-varying confounding and nonpositivityAshley I Naimi
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Epidemiology 22:718-23. 2011.... - Nonparametric estimator of relative time with application to the Acyclovir Prevention TrialStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7435, USA
Clin Trials 6:320-8. 2009..Relative hazard is a central measure of association in randomized clinical trials. Relative time (RT) is a competing measure that is rarely used... - Invited commentary: positivity in practiceDaniel Westreich
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7435, USA
Am J Epidemiol 171:674-7; discussion 678-81. 2010..In addition, the commentators illustrate positivity in simple 2 x 2 tables, as well as detail some ways in which epidemiologists may examine their data for nonpositivity and deal with violations of positivity in practice... - Sample size and statistical power assessing the effect of interventions in the context of mixture distributions with detection limitsHaitao Chu
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Stat Med 25:2647-57. 2006..A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed methods... - Effect of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy on survival of women initiated on highly active antiretroviral therapyYolanda Barron
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
AIDS 18:1579-84. 2004..To estimate the effect of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy (ART) on survival, among women who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)... - Copy-years viremia as a measure of cumulative human immunodeficiency virus viral burdenStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7435, USA
Am J Epidemiol 171:198-205. 2010..Copy-years viremia, a novel measure of cumulative viral burden, may provide prognostic information beyond traditional single measures of viremia... - Invited Commentary: Causal diagrams and measurement biasMiguel A Hernán
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Am J Epidemiol 170:959-62; discussion 963-4. 2009..g., "adiposity"). The authors conclude that causal diagrams need to be used to represent biases arising not only from confounding and selection but also from measurement... - Hierarchical latency models for dose-time-response associationsDavid B Richardson
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7435, USA
Am J Epidemiol 173:695-702. 2011.... - Sensitivity analysis of misclassification: a graphical and a Bayesian approachHaitao Chu
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Ann Epidemiol 16:834-41. 2006..CONCLUSION: By using Bayesian methods, investigators can incorporate uncertainty about misclassification into probabilistic inferences... - Regression models for the effects of exposure rate and cumulative exposureDavid B Richardson
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Epidemiology 23:892-9. 2012..23 (0.53-3.76). The proposed approach may provide better understanding of relationships between a protracted exposure and disease and is readily implemented using existing statistical software... - Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or death using marginal structural modelsStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Am J Epidemiol 158:687-94. 2003..Standard Cox analysis failed to detect a clear net benefit, because it does not appropriately adjust for time-dependent covariates, such as HIV RNA level and CD4 cell count, that are simultaneously confounders and intermediate variables... - Effect of acyclovir on herpetic ocular recurrence using a structural nested modelStephen R Cole
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street Room E7640, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
Contemp Clin Trials 26:300-10. 2005..41 times that of the non-exposed (test-based 95% CI: 0.28, 0.72), or 34% larger than the intent-to-treat estimate. Notwithstanding excellent compliance, intent-to-treat estimates may notably undervalue the causal effect of a treatment... - Effects of time-varying exposures adjusting for time-varying confounders: the case of alcohol consumption and risk of incident human immunodeficiency virus infectionChanelle J Howe
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, McGavran Greenberg Hall, Campus Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7435, USA
Int J Public Health 55:227-8. 2010..Discuss issues related to time-varying exposures using as an example the recently meta-analyzed literature (Baliunas et al. in Int J Public Health, 2009) on alcohol consumption and risk of HIV infection... - The association of anemia and hypoalbuminemia with accelerated decline in GFR among adolescents with chronic kidney diseaseSusan L Furth
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children s Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
Pediatr Nephrol 22:265-71. 2007..73 m(2)) (95% CI: 11 to 22 [0.18 to 0.37]). Further study is needed to evaluate whether treatment of anemia or hypoalbuminemia, as outlined in current clinical care guidelines for CKD, may slow the progression of CKD in adolescents... - Influenza vaccine effectiveness in patients on hemodialysis: an analysis of a natural experimentLeah J McGrath
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7435, USA
Arch Intern Med 172:548-54. 2012..Observational studies of vaccine effectiveness (VE) are challenging because vaccinated subjects may be healthier than unvaccinated subjects... - Model averaging in the analysis of leukemia mortality among Japanese A-bomb survivorsDavid B Richardson
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Radiat Environ Biophys 51:93-5; discussion 97-100. 2012.... - Intrinsic breast tumor subtypes, race, and long-term survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer StudyKatie M O'Brien
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
Clin Cancer Res 16:6100-10. 2010.... - Effect of tuberculosis on the survival of HIV-infected men in a country with low tuberculosis incidenceHugo Lopez-Gatell
Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Mexico, Mexico
AIDS 22:1869-73. 2008..2-4.7). Results underscore the importance of avoiding TB by using preventive interventions such as treatment of latent TB infection, particularly in populations with a large prevalence of HIV/TB co-infected individuals... - Use of multiple imputation in the epidemiologic literatureMark A Klebanoff
Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 7510, USA
Am J Epidemiol 168:355-7. 2008..To form a bridge between current and future practice, the authors suggest details that should be included in articles that utilize these procedures... - Survival analysis for recurrent event data: an application to childhood infectious diseasesLauren E Cain
Stat Med 25:1431-3; author reply 1433. 2006 - Use of a marginal structural model to determine the effect of aspirin on cardiovascular mortality in the Physicians' Health StudyNancy R Cook
Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Am J Epidemiol 155:1045-53. 2002..65, 1.25). Although the numbers of cardiovascular deaths were insufficient to evaluate this endpoint definitively, use of such methods holds much potential for controlling time-varying confounders affected by previous exposure...